用YSI—58型溶氧仪测定五日生化需氧量的注意事项

YSI—58型溶解氧测定仪,配上带有搅拌器的五日生化需氧量专用探头,可用于五日生化需氧量分析。由于该仪器具有操作快速、简便、干扰少、测定结果准确、运行费用低等特点,深受分析工作者欢迎。美国已列为分析五日生化需氧量的标准方法。在《水与废水监测分析方法(第3版)》也将膜电极法作为测定溶解氧的方法之一。根据几年来的工作经验,在用YSI—58型溶氧仪分析五日生化     

BOD5测定过程中溶解氧的理论计算法

利用生化需氧量测定过程中的已有数据，推导出水样溶解氧的理论计算法。当样品既需知道生化需氧量又需知道溶解氧的时候，我们通过测定生化需氧量，便可利用已有公式计算出水样的溶解氧。这样不仅省时、省力，而且经济实用，特别适用于能够现场测定生化需氧量的水处理厂等。     

生化需氧量(BOD)测定方法综述

分析评述了现阶段生化需氧量的实验室和快速测定方法的特点,指出了各类方法的影响因素、注意事项及应用范围。     

五日生化需氧量测定技术的探讨

王日生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）是一种间接表示水体中有机物质含量的重要指标。对污染较严重的水体,需对水样稀释后才能准确测定。因此,稀释水、接种液、接种稀释水和稀释度,就成为测定ＢＯＤ５成败的重要一环。对此需要从实际工作中反复探索才能掌握ＢＯＤ５的测定技术。     

差压式直读生化需氧量测定装置在工业废水测定中的应用

根据废水的可生化性，选用废水的Ｋ值，算出生化需氧量近似值找出生化需氧量的最佳测定量程，直接投样测定，操作简便，准确可靠，读数直观，并可连续测定，在工业废水中分析中具有广泛的应用价值。     

生化需氧量测定的稀释倍数研究进展

概述了稀释法测定生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）的基本要求，综述了近年来国内生化需氧量测定中有关稀释倍数研究的主要成果，分析评价了稀释法测定生化需氧量的一些数理公式。     

生化需氧量智能生物检测仪在废水控制分析中的应用

为解决快速测量生化需氧量，生化需氧量智能生物检测仪对多种废水的实际测定表明，操作简单，测量周期为３０ｍｉｎ，精密度为±１０％左右，特别适用于污水处理中控制分析及批量样品的分析测定。     

餐饮业废水生化需氧量监测的探讨

探讨了餐饮业废水生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）样品的采集及分析方法。指出通过连续监测，掌握排放规律是保证样品代表性的关键，对大批量样品可采用图解法测定ＢＯＤ５。     

膜电极法测定BOD5

讨论了用膜电极测定生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）的方法,并作传统的碘量法进行了比较。数据表明,对于地表水的测定,２种方法测得结果无明显差异,用膜电极法测定ＢＯＤ５方法的精密度和准确度可以满足地表水监测的要求。     

用膜电极法测定生化需氧量（BOD_5）

本文讨论了角膜电极测定生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）方法与传统碘量法的比较。两家实验室的验证结果表明，对于地表水和废水的测定，两种方法测得结果没有明显差异，用膜电极法测定ＢＯＤ５方法的精密度和准确度可以满足实际样品的测定。     

生化需氧量测定的方法改进

生化需氧量测定中接种液的制备和稀释倍数的确定是2个关键的步骤,本文提出一种可行的制备接种液的方法,根据实践经验,总结出一种稀释倍数计算方法,适合在实际分析中使用。     

Non-steady response of BOD biosensor for the determination of biochemical oxygen demand in wastewater

A biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) biosensor for effective and expeditious BOD(7) estimations was constructed and the non-steady phase of the output signal was extensively studied. The modelling approach introduced allows response curve reconstruction and a curve fitting procedure of good quality, resulting in parameters indicating the relationship between response and organic substrate concentration and stability properties of the BOD biosensor. Also, the immobilization matrixes of different thicknesses were characterized to determine their suitability for bio-sensing measurements in non-stationary conditions, as well as for the determination of the mechanical durability of the BOD biosensor in time. The non-steady response of the experimental output of the BOD biosensor was fitted according to the developed model that enables to determine the stability of the biosensor output and dependency on biodegradable organic substrate concentration. The calibration range of the studied BOD biosensor in OECD synthetic wastewater was 15-110 mg O(2) L(-1). Repeatability tests showed relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 2.8% and 5.8% for the parameter τ(d), characterizing the transient output of the amperometric oxygen sensor in time, and τ(s), describing the dependency of the transient response of the BOD biosensor on organic substrate concentration, respectively. BOD biosensor experiments for the evaluation of the biochemical oxygen demand of easily degradable and refractory municipal wastewater showed good concurrence with traditional BOD(7) analysis.     

深圳市河流水质评价指标筛选方案探讨

通过计算各条河流的综合污染指数和各项水质指标的污染分担率,对深圳市8条主要河流1999—2008年水质监测数据进行分析,最终从15项常规水质指标中筛选出氨氮、总磷、生化需氧量、化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、石油类、挥发酚、硫化物和六价铬9项指标,建议作为深圳市河流水质评价的统一指标。     

Development of Dissolved Oxygen Model for a Highly Variable Flow River: A Case Study of Ravi River in Pakistan

A framework for dissolved oxygen (DO) modeling of the Ravi River has been developed based on a combination of laboratory measurements and field and monitoring data. Both the classical Streeter-Phelps (CSP) and the modified Streeter-Phelps (MSP) models are used for DO simulations. The MSP model considers the carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) and nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand (NBOD) separately, whereas the CSP model is evaluated considering only the CBOD and NBOD is incorporated in the overall BOD utilization rate. CBOD, NBOD and BOD rates have been determined through long-term BOD analysis of five main wastewater outfalls and two surface drains discharging into the Ravi River over a 98 km stretch. Analysis by Thomas Method manifests strong coefficient of determination “R²” between 0.72 and 0.98 for all the three types of BOD rates. Sensitivity analyses have also been carried out to find out a suitable reaeration rate formula for highly variable flows in the Ravi River. The CSP model results based on classical approach of considering only CBOD show significant difference between the model predictions and field measurements suggesting that NBOD needs to be incorporated for the model development. The dissolved oxygen values calculated using the MSP model and the CSP model based on overall BOD rate are in close agreement with field measurements and are thus suitable to model DO levels in the Ravi River.     

Design and assembly of an experimental laboratory for the study of atmosphere–plant interactions in the system of fumigation chambers

A 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD(5)) test has been used as the standard measurement of organic pollution in rivers worldwide. However, it may be argued that BOD is not a sufficient indicator of organic pollution when nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand (NBOD) is present in water samples. In this study, BOD, NBOD, and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) of treated sewage effluent (TSE) were measured near at the discharge outlet of 3 sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Sakai, Itachi, and Kashio rivers in Central Japan. Additional measurements were conducted at one point upstream and two points downstream from the STP discharge points in the rivers. It was estimated that NBOD values in the TSE of Sakai River, Kashio River and Itachi River accounted for 54%, 69% and 18% of their BOD values, respectively. Respective NH4+ and NO2- concentrations were positively correlated with those of NBOD values in Sakai, Itachi, and Kashio rivers. The BOD loads from the TSE were estimated to be 2.2, 5.7, and 1.2 times higher than the CBOD loads in the Sakai, Itachi, and Kashio rivers, respectively. The variation of the portion of NBOD values of each TSE, as well as the ratios of CBOD to BOD loads, was attributed to the difference in each STP system. Consequently, the NH4+ and NO2- of TSE led to the increase of NBOD in the Sakai River basin.     

地表水监测误差分析与对策

分析和探讨了地表水环境监测过程中存在的误差。在13家监测站同步采样、同步分析的基础上,筛选出地表水监测实验室间比对结果偏差较大的石油类、挥发酚、氨氮、五日生化需氧量、化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数和总磷等7个监测指标。从方法误差、仪器误差、试剂误差、操作误差、环境误差、过失误差和质控选择不当造成的误差等各方面探讨误差成因。根据实样测定结果,提出合理选择并统一分析方法、增加平行测定次数、加强质控措施和修改允许相对偏差等切实可行的对策和措施,为地表水监测和水环境管理提供技术依据。     

Analysis of the environmental impact on a stream: is only tannery to blame?

The contribution of wastewater from a tannery industry to the pollution of a stream was investigated. The main parameters studied were biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, chromium, dissolved oxygen, fecal and total coliforms, nitrogen, oils and greases, pH, phosphorous, sulfides, suspended solids, turbidity, and volatile solids. Three sampling points were located: (1) at the discharge point of tannery wastewater, (2) 50 m upstream, and (3) 80 m downstream of discharge point. Also was investigated the pollution at the stream source.     

丹江口库区及其上游流域水质污染特征及评价

根据丹江口库区及其上游河流5个区域42个断面2012-2013年的水质监测数据,采用主成分分析法确定主要污染因子及权重,对不同流域的水质进行综合评价。第一主成分包括总氮、溶解氧、五日生化需氧量、总磷、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数,第二主成分为氟化物、粪大肠菌群,第三主成分为化学需氧量;其权重分别为5．022,2．256,1．508。评价结果表明,湖北十堰市和丹江口市流域水环境污染相对较重,其次为河南南阳市、陕西商洛市、陕西安康市以及陕西汉中市流域。     

Statistical analyses of coastal water quality for a port and harbour region in India

A long-term study of temperature, pH, turbidity, suspended solid, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen has been performed in a port and harbour region in India for four years from December 1996 to November 2000. Marine water quality results showed no regular trend. The mean monthly values of temperature, pH, turbidity, suspended solid, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen were in the range of 22.64 ± 0.4 to 29.05 ± 1.37 °C; 7.65 ± 0.04 to 7.81 ± 0.13; 28.8 ± 14.7 to 64.2 ± 32.0 NTU; 283.5 ± 81.8 to 356.0 ± 159.7 mg/L; 29.78 ± 7.18 to 29.78 ± 1.04 ppt; 4.67 ± 0.50 to 6.01 ± 1.02 mg/L; 5.41 ± 1.92 to 7.56 ± 2.1 mg/L; and 0.25 ± 0.07 to 0.63 ± 0.49 mg/L, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was inversely correlated dissolved oxygen (DO) and poorly correlated with all other parameters. Turbidity and suspended solid were moderately correlated with each other while salinity was moderately correlated with other water quality parameters. In factor analysis, four factors were drawn out of the eight variables, which represented 74% of the variance of the original data. Factor I was related to suspended solid and turbidity. Factor II represented mainly temperature and DO showing inverse relation between these two. Factor III implied the degree of pollution at any monitoring station. Factor IV included pH and salinity. It could be concluded that the factor model represented almost all the variables.     

化学需氧量测定方法的研究进展

化学需氧量(COD)是水质监测的一个重要参数。本文对其测定方法及其标准法的改进方法和其它快速测定方法的测定现状和最新进展作了简要评述。