基于VMAS四川省在用点燃式轻型车尾气污染削减预测

针对四川省在用车辆尾气污染情况开展了详细的调查研究,结果表明四川省机动车尾气污染中约71.3%的CO、68.6%的HC、95.3%的NOx和99.2%的PM均来自于汽车尾气。同时分析得出简易瞬态工况法是在用车辆尾气排放控制的有效控制方法,有利于四川省大气环境质量的改善,经预测采用简易瞬态工况法以及简易瞬态工况法排放标准后可使四川省在用点燃式轻型车尾气排放的CO削减约28.76%~50.48%,HC+NOx削减约1.53%~23.24%。     

浅谈机动车排气污染物的测量方法

传统的机动车排气检测方法(怠速法及自由加速烟度法)已难以适应机动车排气污染物的需要,一种更为科学的“简易工况检测方法”已被诸多地方逐步采用。本文结合国家相关机动车排气污染物检测法规政策、标准,就传统的检测方法与几种新的工况法检测方法进行了对比与分析。     

国家环保总局正在制、修订的环境标准

序号名　　　　　　称　　　　　标准类别进展情况计划发布时间1农用运输车自由加速烟度排放限值及测量方法国家标准已批准即将发布 2 0 0 22汽车加速行驶车外噪声限值及测量方法国家标准已批准即将发布 2 0 0 23机场环境影响评价技术导则行业标准已通过技术审查 2 0 0 24摩托车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法 (工况法 )国家标准已通过技术审查 2 0 0 25轻便摩托车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法 (工况法 )国家标准已通过技术审查 2 0 0 26摩托车和轻便摩托车怠速污染物排放限值及测量方法国家标准已通过技术审查 2 0 0 27车用点燃式发动机和…     

生态环境损害赔偿简易鉴定评估与磋商程序研究

广东省属于突发环境事件多发区域，尽管“十三五”期间已初步遏制了突发环境事件的高发态势，但结构性生态环境风险问题依然突出。当前广东省已基本构建完成生态环境损害赔偿制度体系，但相较于国内其他先行省、市仍存在案件数量较少、办案效率不高等问题。基于国内外尚无相关简易鉴定评估与磋商程序研究的现状，系统总结开展简易鉴定评估与磋商程序研究的必要性，针对珠三角典型地市办案情况进行实例调研分析，梳理我国生态环境损害赔偿改革落实先行省、市开展相关工作的经验，结合广东省地方实际，详细研究讨论简易鉴定评估与磋商程序的关键环节(适用范围、适用情形、简易鉴定评估、简易磋商)。旨在进一步细化完善广东省及各地市生态环境损害赔偿制度体系，同时为其他省、市下一步制定及实施该简易程序提供具体思路与参考依据。     

CODcr快速测试法的探索

本文探索了CODcr的快速测试法，结果表明，采用简易的火焰加热消化法测定CODcr是可行的。该法所用的仪器设备简单；操作方便，快速，回收率高，特别适用于现场及简易实验室。     

银杏叶中有效成分的提取

通过使用不同溶剂比较了两种装置提取银杏叶中有效成分的优缺点。结果表明，简易装置所用时间较短、收率较高且操作简单方便；利用95％乙醇作为提取剂在使用简易装置时，银杏叶粗提物得率最高。     

广安市大气环境质量现状评价与优化布点监测

采用网格布点法对广安市城区大气环境质量进行了第一次普查监测，利用模糊综合评判法做出简易的现状评价，并评选出了一组优化点位作为日后大气自动化监测点位。     

四川红层地区简易垃圾填埋场地下水污染现状调查及防治对策

基于红层地区6座简易填埋场进行地下水水质监测,统计识别了红层地区简易垃圾填埋场地下水的主要污染物种类;通过标准指数法、评分法、污染指数Pki法对XX县简易生活垃圾填埋场地下水质量及污染现状进行评价。结果表明:6座简易填埋场区域地下水水质较背景井水质下降严重,为较差~极差(FI=7.10~7.36);红层地区简易垃圾填埋场地下水中高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、亚硝酸盐和铁、锰污染程度最严重;针对研究区填埋场情况,建议就地封场,下游敏感的填埋场可采取垂直防渗措施。     

建设项目环境经济损益分析方法的研究

一、简易分析法建设项目环评报告书均应有环境经济损益分析专题内容。但是，对于项目不太大或项目污染不严重的环评报告书来说，只需做出简易的环境经济损益分析。简易分析的主要内容为环保投资估算、投资比例及环境效益分析。以“湖北艾森一天发油脂项目环境影响评价”（以下简称“文发项目”，荆沙市环科所编写）为例：1．环保投资估算及投资比例首先阐明拟建工程环保设施的划分结果。不同的行业对环保设施的划分有不同规定，如石油化工行业对环保设施的划分在SHJ24－90中作了原则性划分。’‘艾发项目”环保投资估算包括：污水处理站23…     

华东地区柃属植物资源

柃属为常绿灌木或小乔木，雌雄异株，花瓣呈黄、绿、白色，虫媒花，浆果黑色，是一类极具开发潜力的园林观赏植物。详述了华东地区分布的柃属植物资源种类，编制了简易的分种检索表，并对其观赏特性及园林用途进行了简述。     

汽车音响行业的环境试验方法

本文通过介绍汽车音响产品的环境应力和故障模式,对环境试验的流程和方法进行了描述。并通过引用国内外相关环境试验标准,对环境试验在汽车音响产品上的应用进行了分析和举例。     

离心加速度试验样品装卡改进及试验影响分析

离心加速度试验是装备环境试验不可缺少的部分,本文介绍了离心加速度试验样品通用装卡方法和改进型装卡方法,以及装卡方法改进后对试验影响的分析讨论,给出了改进后在加速度试验量值误差范围内的安装要求和适用的试验样品尺寸限定条件。     

Wider roads, more cars

The transport policy currently followed in many European cities seems to be a combination of investments in public transport in order to increase, or at least maintain, its market share, and road building in order to keep up with expected traffic growth. Apparently, there is a prevalent belief among policy makers that increased road capacity in urban areas does not in itself cause any growth in car traffic worth mentioning. Such a belief neglects the simple economic theory of supply and demand, as well as more specific theories about the dynamics of traffic under congested conditions. An empirical study of commuting patterns in two transport corridors in Oslo, Norway, shows that a considerable proportion of commuters are sensitive to changes in the speed of the respective modes of transportation. The mode chosen depends to a large extent on the ratio of door-to-door travel times by car and transit. Freer flowing traffic in the road network will induce a higher proportion of commuters to travel by car. Conversely, faster public transport will reduce the proportion of car commuters, but the effects of such improvements will be offset if road capacity is simultaneously increased. In addition to the relative speeds of car and transit, the parking conditions at the workplace are of great importance to the choice of transport mode.     

Two ways of defining sustainable mobility: Autolib’ and BeMobility

Abstract

European cities have emerged as laboratories for ‘sustainable mobility'. In the last few years, they have supported numerous electric car projects which combine clean engine technologies with offers on public or shared mobility. This paper compares two ongoing public electric car services in Berlin (BeMobility) and Paris (Autolib’). We explain how both projects shape future visions of sustainable mobility and transform regional transport systems in specific ways through their performative impact as local transport policy tools. Focusing on the socio-economic and political processes through which both projects were conceived and put into practice, we explain their differences as they reflect participating actors' interests in a French versus German industrial and transport policy context after the economic crisis in 2008. We find that whereas BeMobility integrates electric cars as one element in Berlin's intermodal transport system, and thus is centred around ‘intermodality' as the central vision of sustainable transport, Autolib’ in Paris essentially reproduces the dominant mode of private passenger car transport through adding a shared electric car fleet.     

The sustainability of a car dependent settlement pattern: an evaluation of new rural settlement in Ireland

The paper reports the findings of a small scale study comparing the personal travel patterns of households of similar type, living in a rural area and a small urban area of the Dublin city region. The study found that the rural area was less environmentally sustainable as a result of the extent of its dependency on the motor car, an inefficient and polluting transport mode. The study also provided evidence that the quality of life in the rural area was adversely affected by aspects of car dependency. There appeared to be a higher risk of traffic accident, rural dwellers used less healthy forms of transport, they suffered restricted mobility and, as a consequence enjoyed a less varied social life than their urban counterparts.     

混合振动试验在汽车电子装备中的应用和要点

环境试验方法国家标准试验Fi：振动 混合模式（GB/T2423.58-2008）已经发布。彩混合振动试验的《道路车辆电气及电子设备的环境条件和试验》国家标准（制订征求意见稿）已经公示。文内介绍了混合模式振动试验在汽车电子装备中的应用，以及混合模式振动试验的过程要素和试验的技术要点。     

NID消化过程特点及生石灰活性的测定与分析

介绍了NID消化过程的特点、生石灰活性的测定方法和实验仪器，并结合某石化热电厂脱硫项目生石灰活性的测试结果，进行了分析。分析结果表明，NID脱硫用生石灰的活性测定，方法简单易行，检测方法适用于工艺生产，但在实际工业检测中，还需做平行实验。     

The green dividend of urban biking? Evidence of improved community and sustainable development

As the cost of car ownership has skyrocketed, urban biking has experienced the largest share increase of any transportation mode, rising by 40% between the years 2000 and 2014. Growing attention is being paid to the potential local economic development impacts of urban neighbourhoods becoming more bike-friendly. It is now a green economic development strategy in cities as diverse as Chicago, New York City, Portland, and San Francisco to increase bicycling as a transportation mode. This paper reports the results of a survey of 2032 responses from faculty, staff, and students of a car-dependent, downtown university. We use a mixed methods approach, including data from the American Community Survey, to support our arguments and to inform potential savings and economic benefit calculations that can be achieved from bicycle infrastructure investments and anticipated redistributed spending patterns. We argue that urban biking results in a green dividend that promotes local community development and more importantly results in zero carbon emissions.     

洗车废水的污染与环境管理研究

本文分析了洗车所造成的水资源的浪费、对环境的污染以及对道赂交通、居民、行人的影响，介绍了我国对洗车废水管理的现状，并从法制建设、执法监督、废水处理，先进洗车技术推广、宣传教育等方面提出了针对我国洗车废水污染的环境管理对策建议。     

乘用车内空气质量开发与管控研究

本文主要介绍了乘用车内(文中简称车内)空气质量污染源、管控项目及对应检测方法,整车制造商车内空气质量性能开发模式与管控机制。