南京市地铁噪声影响调查

为了解城市地铁在正常营运时噪声对外部环境的影响,对南京地铁1号线高架段、车厢内和站台上环境声进行了调查.结果表明,地铁高架段噪声对外环境的影响达到4类区标准,其对声环境的影响明显小于快速道路高架段;车厢内和站台上的噪声对乘客的影响不容忽视.指出,地铁高架两侧100 m范围内有敏感点的路段应全部设置隔声屏障,地铁运营部门应提高地铁驾驶人员的技术和责任心.     

北京地铁列车运行引起建筑室内振动污染特征与评价

以分频最大振级(VL max)和最大Z振级(VL Z max)作为评价量,结合相关标准,监测与评价北京市地铁列车运行引起的临近建筑室内振动。结果表明:北京市2条地铁线路的振动特征频率分别为25 Hz、31.5 Hz、40 Hz和63 Hz,以40 Hz为主;特征频率上振动加速度级(VAL)增量明显;VL max、VL Z max的大小既与频率计权因子不统一有关,也与地铁对建筑室内振动的影响程度及振动能量在不同中心频率上的分布差异直接相关;地铁隧道埋深较水平距离对地铁振动衰减作用显著;地铁振动监测与评价的频率范围可统一为对人体影响较大的1 Hz^80 Hz,并统一频率计权因子。     

地铁车辆段试车线噪声源强及传播规律实测分析

以深圳市前海湾车辆段和横岗车辆段试车线为例,对其试车过程中的噪声影响源强及传播情况进行实测分析。结果表明,试车线车辆行驶速度约为36 km/h,噪声源强LeqA约为73 d B左右,试车中噪声最大值约为83 d B;试车线内噪声源的传播并不完全遵循一般的线性递减规律,在距声源30 m范围内,距声源越近,衰减量越小,反之,主要是由于距离声源越远,受到墙体或立柱等阻挡引起的附加衰减就越大。     

地铁振动引起的二次辐射噪声适用标准研究

研究了城市地铁产生的二次辐射噪声测量现状及评价方法,依据现行地铁二次辐射噪声监测相关标准,对城市地铁产生的二次辐射噪声进行测量,将JGJ/T 170—2009、GB 50118—2010和GB/T 50355—2018中规定的限值与地铁二次辐射噪声的特征频谱、环境影响评价以及噪声限值进行了对比分析。结果显示,现行标准限值在执行中存在一定的不完善之处,需要根据实测数据重新分析评价标准的适用性、准确性和合理性。结合当前噪声管理的社会需求,提出了声级增量和特征频谱增量的概念,并将分析结果与现行标准值进行了比较分析,表明声级增量和特征频谱增量能更好地反映二次辐射噪声的影响,对于地铁二次辐射噪声标准的制修订具有参考价值。     

南京市地铁车站氡浓度水平的初步调查

采用静电收集氡子体法对南京市地铁车站环境中氡浓度进行了调查,初步掌握了南京市地铁站重点区域的氡浓度放射性水平,按照联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会推荐的评价方法估算氡浓度对地铁内工作人员人均年有效照射剂量。对地铁站新建和扩建项目的机械通风设计,为工作人员和公众的内照射剂量水平估算等提供依据。     

浙江省水质自动监测管理系统构建

概述了各地在构建水质自动监测管理系统上的探索和不足。构建了水质自动监测管理系统,统一应用平台,利用仪器仪表标识集,实施监测数据辅助审核,完善数据预警统计分析功能;通过平台对现场端仪器自动巡检,实现数据集中化管理,完善水质自动监测质量控制体系,满足了环境管理需求。     

环境监测方法信息检索系统的开发

介绍了在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５平台上利用可视化编程技术开发环境监测信息检索系统的编程思路，系统结构，并对其应用前景和进一步开发的方向作了展望。     

探索资源共享机制 研发环境监测技术转化平台

阐述了公益与行业共性技术的概念和研发环境监测技术转化平台的必要性,介绍了平台的组织运行机制和网络平台的建设内容,指出该平台对加速科技成果转化、实现监测资源共享具有重要意义.     

南方某市地铁车站空气PM10中重金属健康风险评估

以南方某城市的10个地铁车站作为研究对象,分析空气可吸入颗粒物（PM₁₀）样品中10种重金属砷（As）、铬（Cr）、镉（Cd）、镍（Ni）、汞（Hg）、铅（Pb）、锰（Mn）、锑（Sb）、锡（Se）、铜（Cu）的质量浓度。采用美国环境保护局（US EPA）推荐的健康风险评估模型,对重金属通过呼吸途径引起的人群健康风险进行评估。结果表明,地铁车站空气PM₁₀中的重金属Cr和As对人群可能存在潜在致癌健康风险;重金属Mn、Cu、Pb、Se、Hg和Sb对人群的非致癌健康风险较小。提出,应进一步关注地铁车站空气PM₁₀中重金属对暴露人群可能存在的健康风险,采取有针对性的措施进行防护。     

江苏省环境空气质量自动监测数采平台的集成方案

对江苏省环境空气质量自动监测的数采平台现状进行了分析，并就省控中心统一软件采集中心站数据平台，省控中心统一软件采集子站数据平台，以及省控中心统一子站数采软、硬件平台方案进行了比较，指出为实现对全省各子站数据的有效质量管理，省环境空气质量自动监测平台的集成必须实现从子站直接采集原始分析数据，而要实现真正意义上的空气监测子站广域网连接，应由目前的省控中心统一软件采集子站数据的平台向省控制中心统一子站数采软、硬件平台过渡。     

湖南省生态环境遥感监测平台建设思考

简述了国内外遥感监测平台的发展现状,基于湖南省生态环境遥感监测现状进行了分析,指出遥感监测平台存在遥感监测与评估技术缺乏、监测能力薄弱以及监测网络建设不完善等问题。从平台建设架构出发,构建了数据平台,对卫星遥感数据、地面调查/监测资料、无人机航测数据进行管理、存储、分析等;业务平台,主要围绕水、气、土壤等整个生态环境监测体系开展相应的监测和管理,还可针对重点区域,环境督察等业务进行拓展;展示平台,主要是通过各种终端设备和硬件对各类业务进行可视化。提出发射独立高分遥感卫星、深化遥感监测应用研究、加强各部门协同合作等建议,以期为湖南省生态环境遥感监测平台建设与发展提供参考。     

Towards a framework for the assessment of saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers

Saltwater intrusion (SWI) represents a threat to coastal aquifers worldwide by rendering groundwater quality not viable for its intended purposes. Therefore, understanding SWI impacts is indispensable for informed decision-making on aquifer management. Despite advances in methods to assess the impact of SWI, it remains challenging to select appropriate methods that are effective, timely, and affordable under the influence of a range of factors including aquifer characteristics, hydro-geochemical dynamics, shoreline geomorphology, biochemical reactions, and data availability among others. This study examines commonly used methods that assess the impact of SWI towards the development of an assessment framework in coastal aquifers underlying densely populated urban areas. The methods were selected using complexity-functionality criteria and then tested at a pilot aquifer by coupling Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) and Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of the methods and identify elements of the framework. The framework proved functional in synthesizing parametric results, assessing the dynamics of SWI and quantifying its potential impact, as well as providing an effective platform for informed impact assessment and planning for sustainable exploitation of coastal aquifers.     

Integrated real-time monitoring system to investigate the hypoxia in a shallow wind-driven bay

Corpus Christi Bay (Texas, USA) is a shallow wind-driven bay which experiences hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg/L) during the summer. Since this bay is a very dynamic system, the processes that control the hypoxia can last on the order of hours to days. Monitoring systems installed on a single type of platform cannot fully capture these processes at the spatial and temporal scales of interest. Therefore, we have integrated monitoring systems installed on three different platform types: (1) fixed robotic, (2) mobile, and (3) remote. On the fixed robotic platform, an automated profiler system vertically moves a suite of water quality measuring sensors within the water column for continuous measurements. An integrated data acquisition, communication and control system has been configured on our mobile platform (research vessel) for synchronized measurements of hydrodynamic and water quality parameters at greater spatial resolution. In addition, a high-frequency radar system has been installed on remote platforms to generate surface current maps for the bay. With our integrated system, we were able to capture evidence of a hypoxic event in summer 2007; moreover, we detected low dissolved oxygen conditions in a part of the bay with no previously reported history of hypoxia.     

屏蔽门对地铁站台颗粒物分布的影响研究

通过2018年1月的污染天和非污染天在上海人民广场地铁站对装有屏蔽门系统的1号线站台和装有安全门系统的2号线站台上的颗粒物数量浓度进行监测并作对比研究,结果表明:污染天和非污染天,安装屏蔽门系统的站台颗粒物数量浓度相对于安全门系统分别降低2.08%~35.44%和5.69%~51.31%。屏蔽门站台的颗粒物浓度表现为后站台>前站台>中站台;安全门系统颗粒物浓度无规律。屏蔽门系统站台的颗粒物在人体内的沉积量要低于安全门系统,站台两端的颗粒物在人体内的沉积量高于站台中间。     

基于共享应用的环境监测GIS平台研究

环境监测GIS平台是应用GIS理论及工具为环境监测信息系统提供空间数据处理的专项应用共享平台,其建设过程往往包括3个部分:搭建环境监测GIS平台应用框架、建立环境监测GIS数据库、开发满足GIS集成需要的网络式服务组件。文章立足于环境监测共享应用,介绍了建立环境监测GIS平台数据库的基本方法,探讨了环境监测GIS平台的主要应用功能,分析了平台与其他应用系统的集成要点。     

化工园区环境风险源监控平台设计研究

采用NET框架,以ArcGIS为平台核心,应用数据库SQL Server对化工园区环境风险源进行监控系统设计,并针对化工园区进行功能和数据库设计,构建了化工园区环境风险源监控平台,为化工园区环境风险源提出了有效的管理方法。     

全国光化学监测网络建设面临的问题分析及策略初探

当前中国大气污染形势依然严峻,挥发性有机物作为臭氧的重要前体物之一,对环境空气质量的影响日益突出.建设全国重点区域光化学监测网络,可为全面加强挥发性有机物污染防治工作和有效监测光化学污染提供基础监测平台.笔者通过分析中国光化学监测的现状和面临的挑战,探讨了中国光化学监测网络建设的发展思路,并提出了各层级环境监测单位、科...     

Sharing the geo-Referenced Results of Climate Change Impact Research

The Prairie Adaptation Research Collaborative (PARC) has implemented an Internet Map Server (IMS) at the PARC web site (www.parc.ca) to 1) disseminate the geo-referenced results of PARC sponsored research on climate change impacts and adaptation, and 2) address data, information and knowledge management within the PARC network of researchers and partners. PARC facilitates interdisciplinary research on adaptation to the impacts of climate change in the Canadian Prairie Provinces. The web site is intended as a platform for sharing information and encouraging discussion of climate change impacts and adaptation. The IMS enables scientists and stakeholders to apply simple climate change scenarios to geo-referenced biophysical and social data, and dynamically create maps that display the geographic distribution of potential impacts of climate change. With a limited capacity for spatial analysis, most geo-processing and the climate impact modeling is done offline within a GIS environment. The IMS will serve the output from climate impact models, such that the model results can be customized by the web site user and be most readily applied to the planning and analysis of adaptation strategies.     

Using behavioural data to assess the environmental impact of electricity consumption of alternate television service distribution platforms

Digital technology and entertainment is a significant driver of electricity use globally, resulting in increased GHG emissions. Research has been conducted on electricity use associated with adigital services, but to date no complete study of television distribution has been conducted. Here we present the first assessment of electricity used for distribution and viewing of television over different distribution platforms terrestrial, satellite, cable and online streaming. We use a novel methodology that combines life cycle assessment techniques with models of the diversity of actual user behaviour, derived from detailed audience monitoring and online behaviour analytics data. This can be applied to assess overall electricity usage for a given media company's services and allows comparison of the electricity demanded per viewerhour of each distribution platform. We apply this to a representative national TV provider - the British Broadcasting Corporation – and show the mean estimate for BBC distribution/viewing electricity use in 2016 is 2171 GWh, resulting in emissions of 1.12 MtCO2e. We show that viewing over streaming, cable and satellite platforms used a mean of 0.17–0.18 KWh per device-hour (88–93 gCO2e) while terrestrial broadcast used a mean of 0.07 kWh (36 gCO2e). We identify home networking equipment and set-top boxes as key hotspots in the system, and show that though streaming is similar in impact to cable and satellite, this is because people use smaller devices to view – meaning the networking equipment in and beyond the home has a higher impact while the end device has a lower one.     

突发性水污染事故预警体系建设综述

随着流域水污染事件的频发,突发性水污染事故预警平台的科学建设成为流域应急管理的重要内容。基于预警平台数据感知层、数据管理层、业务感知层的总体架构,综述了国内外突发性水污染事故预警平台的建设现状。从水质监测技术、突发事故预警模型、预警平台整体构建4个方面分析了近年来突发性水污染事故预警平台的研究进展与不足,以期为流域突发性水污染预警系统的建设提供参考。