刺茶美登木的化学成分研究

从刺茶美登木地上部分的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了27个化合物:prinsepiol(1),( )-松脂醇(2),(-)-松脂醇(3),(-)-丁香树脂醇(4),( )-cycloolivil(5),(-)-橄榄树脂素(6),1-羟基-松脂醇(7),ilelatifolD(8),东莨菪素(9),β-香树素乙酸酯(10),α-香树素乙酸酯(11),fupenzicacid(12),( )-儿茶素(13),secoisolariciresinol(14),软脂酸-1-甘油单酯(15),植物醇(16),咖啡酸(17),3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸(18),(-)-massoniresinol(19),tanegool(20),β-谷甾醇(21),羽扇豆醇(22),白桦酯醇(23),β-胡萝卜甙(24),齐墩果酸(25),熊果酸(26)和(-)-橄榄树脂素乙酸酯(27).图1表1参34     

杠板归的化学成分

采用柱层析方法从蓼科药用植物杠板归(Polygonum Perfoliatum)分离了21个化合物(1～21),通过MS与NMR数据鉴定这些化合物为α-tocopherolquinone (1), 7'-dihydroxymatairesinol (2), (24S)-24-ethylcholesta-3β,5α,6α-triol (3), 4-dihydroxy-5,7-dihydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) coumarin (4), quercetin (5), cucurbitacin Ⅱa (6), cucurbitacin U (7), iotroridoside A (8), pokeweedcerebroside 5 (9), bonaroside (10), helonioside A (11), helonioside B (12), lapathoside D (13), vanicoside B (14), vanicoside C (15), vanicoside F (16), asteryunnanoside F (17), saikosaponin M (18), hydropiperoside (19), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide-6"-butyl ester (20), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide-6"-methyl ester (21). 化合物1～19(除4,5,12)为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物1～11(除4,5)和17～19为首次从该属植物中分离得到.图1参22     

柳叶忍冬的化学成分研究

从柳叶忍冬95%乙醇提取物中首次分离并鉴定了20个化合物: ( )-cycloolivil (1)、( )-fraxiresinol (2)、prinsepiol(3)、软脂酸(4)、对甲基苯酚(5)、2,4-二羟基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯(6)、洋芹素(7)、木犀草素(8)、5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮醇7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、槲皮素(10)、染料木素(11)、5,4′-二羟基-7-甲氧基异黄酮(12)、染料木素5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(13)、5,4′-二羟基-7-甲氧基异黄酮5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(14)、5,7,4′-三羟基双氢黄酮7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15)、丁二酸(16)、( )-儿茶素(17)、( -)-表儿茶素(18)、谷甾醇(19)和胡萝卜苷(20).应用波谱方法及与已知品对照进行结构鉴定.其中,化合物10、17和18是抑制血管紧张素转化酶的活性成分.表4参63     

袋花忍冬的化学成分研究

从袋花忍冬全草95%乙醇提取物中首次分离得到16个化合物.应用波谱方法及与已知品对照,将其鉴定为E-p-coumaryl hexacosanate(1)、β-谷甾醇(2)、2,6-dihydroxyhumula-3(12),7(13),9(E)-triene(3)、十六烷酸1-甘油酯(4)、(20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-表二氧-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)、环阿尔廷-25-烯-3β,24ξ-二醇(6)、二十四烷酸(7)、2,4-二羟基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯(8)、乌苏酸(9)、柚皮素(10)、胡萝卜苷(11)、木犀草素(12)、柏双黄酮(13)、咖啡酸(14)、洋芹素(15)和木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(16).其中木犀草素(12)和咖啡酸(14)为袋花忍冬中具有ACE抑制活性的化合物.图1参13     

短序醉鱼草的化学成分研究

为研究短序醉鱼草中具有血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制活性的成分,从该植物地上部分95%乙醇提取物中首次分离并鉴定了11个化合物,分别是洋芹素(1)、芦丁(2)、槲皮素(3)、E-对-羟基肉桂酸(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)、β-胡萝卜甙(6)、豆甾醇(7)、3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸(8)、木樨草素(9)、丁香醛(10)和华良姜素(11).化合物1、3和9显示一定的ACE抑制活性.图1表1参15     

爵床的化学成分研究

为了研究爵床全草中具有血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性的化学成分,从爵床全草95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了13个化合物:芹菜素(1)、槲皮素7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙(2)、木犀草素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(3)、洋芹素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(4)、洋芹素7-O-新橙皮甙(5)、β-谷甾醇(6)、β-胡萝卜甙(7)、东莨菪素(8)、羽扇豆醇乙酸酯(9)、环桉烯醇(10)、木栓酮(11)、木栓醇(12)、积雪草酸(13).HPLC检测结果证明,该植物中还存在木犀草素(14)和槲皮素(15).其中化合物1、14和15为爵床中具有血管紧张素转化酶抑制活性的成分.图1表2参28     

马莲鞍的化学成分研究

从马莲鞍根的乙醇提取物中分离得到3个具有细胞毒活性的化合物杠柳苷元(1)、杠柳苷元-3β-乙酸酯(2)和periplogenin3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),此外,还得到了乌沙苷元(4)、α-香树脂醇乙酸酯(5)、α-香树脂醇十三酸酯(6)、乌苏酸(7)、9,19-环阿尔廷-25-烯-3β,24R-二醇(8)、9,19-环阿尔廷-25-烯-3β,24S-二醇(9)、环桉烯醇(10)、9,19-环阿尔廷-23E-烯-3β,25-二醇(11)、25-甲氧基-9,19-环阿尔廷-23E-烯-3β-醇(12)、11α,12α-epoxytaraxer-14-en-3β-ace-tate(13)、齐墩果酸(14)、β-谷甾醇(15)和β-胡萝卜苷(16).通过波谱学方法鉴定了它们的结构.通过X单晶衍射确证了13的结构.化合物1、2和3抗MDA-MB-231细胞株的GI50值分别为2.13×10-5molL-1,2.04×10-5molL-1和2.30×10-6molL-1.图2表5参17     

Soil pollution by trace metals derived from animal feed and manure in the Bursa region of Turkey

The Bursa region of Turkey has important agricultural production areas. Animal producers use agricultural fields in this region for disposal of manure. Therefore, in this study the concentrations of the seven trace metals Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cd in 324 animal feed and manure samples from three dairy cattle, three laying hens farms, and three broiler farms have been determined. The average concentrations in dairy cattle manure were 130 (Zn), 150 (Mn), 4.2 (Cu), 6.8 (Ni), 44 (Cr), 0.8 (Pb), and 0.09 (Cd) mg kg^?1 dry weight; for laying hens manure 240 (Zn), 190 (Mn), 0.63 (Cu), 3.8 (Ni), 30 (Cr), 0.55 (Pb), and 0.12 (Cd) mg kg^?1 dry weight; and for broiler manure 240 (Zn), 280 (Mn), 1.4 (Cu), 3.8 (Ni), 35 (Cr), 3.4 (Pb), and 0.16 (Cd) mg kg^?1 dry weight. The calculated trace metal loading rate indicated that manure application might pose a potential risk to agricultural fields according to the current soil protection regulations of Turkey.     

唐菖蒲的化学成分研究

从唐菖蒲(Gladiolus gandavensis Van Houtte)球茎中分离得到23个化合物,应用波谱方法及与已知品对照的手段,将其鉴定为羽扇豆醇(1)、β-香树脂醇(2)、木栓酮(3)、木栓醇(4)、桦木醇(5)、(22E,24R)-24-methyl-5α-chol-esta-7,22-dien-3β-ol(6)、(E)-对羟基肉桂酸甲酯(7)、豆甾醇(8)、羽扇豆酮(9)、3β,27-dihydroxylup-12-ene(10)、齐墩果酸(11)、桦木酸(12)、1-甲基-3,8-二羟基-6,7-二氧亚甲基蒽醌-2-羧酸甲酯(13)、1-甲基-3,8-二羟基-6-甲氧基蒽醌(14)、1,7-二羟基-3,6-二甲氧基蒽醌(15)、(E)-对羟基肉桂酸(16)、咖啡酸乙酯(17)、β-胡萝卜苷(18)、2β,3β-二羟基-齐墩果-12-烯-23,28-二羧酸(19)、2β,3β,16α-三羟基-齐墩果-12-烯-23,28-二羧酸(20)、2β,3β-二羟基-齐墩果-12-烯-23,28-二羧酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(21)、2β,3β,16α-三羟基-齐墩果-12-烯-23,28-二羧酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(22)和咖啡酸(23).图1参20     

养殖场废水中磺胺类和四环素抗生素及其抗性基因的定量检测

抗生素滥用及其诱导产生的抗生素抗性基因（antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs）污染已经引起人们的广泛关注。选取上海市某地养殖场作为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱-质谱法和实时荧光定量PCR法,对养殖场污水及附近农田灌溉渠河水中5种四环素及磺胺类抗生素,8种对应的ARGs的含量、特征及相关性进行了研究。研究结果显示,在采集的水样中均含有待检测的5种抗生素,养殖污水中抗生素含量高于农田灌溉河水,各样本中四环素类抗生素含量均略高于磺胺类抗生素,2种四环素抗生素总量为294.0~376.1μg﹒L-1,3种磺胺类抗生素总量为197.7~323.0μg﹒L-1。养殖场污水样本中8种ARGs均有检出,磺胺类抗性基因中sul（A）含量最高,绝对拷贝数为108.4108~1010.3728;四环素类抗性基因中tet（W）含量最高,绝对拷贝数为106.18805~107.8874。农田灌溉渠河水中除tet B（P）外,其它7种ARGs均有检出。样本中ARGs相对表达量总体呈现磺胺类ARGs高于四环素类ARGs的特点。抗生素浓度与ARGs相对表达量的Pearson相关性分析显示,样本中sul（Ⅲ）与磺胺类抗生素浓度存在较明显的正相关性,但其它几种ARGs与抗生素则未见或存在一定负相关性。表明除抗生素外,ARGs在水环境中的丰度可能与ARGs种类及其它环境因子有关。该研究将有助于认识上海地区养殖场废水中抗生素和ARGs污染状况,为进一步开展黄浦江水域抗生素尤其是ARGs的污染研究提供数据基础。     

Oxidisability of environmental sulphur under different catalytic conditions

The oxidation of elemental sulphur in the catalytic presence of selected metal ions [Cr(III), Ce(III), Cu(II), Hg(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mo(VI), Cd(II), Zn(II), Ti(IV), and V(V)], and hydrocarbons (benzene, gasoline, and kerosene) was studied in an alkaline medium buffered by marble powder. The catalytic efficiencies of metal ions were: Cr(III) > Ce(III) > Cu(II) > Hg(II) > Ni(II). The oxidation process was inhibited in the presence of other ions, and the inhibitive effect was in the following order: Co(II) < Mo(VI) < Cd(II) < Zn(II) < Ti(IV) < V(V). In the case of hydrocarbons, the efficiencies were as follows: gasoline > benzene > kerosene. The oxidation of sulphur in sulphur-loaded soils obtained from near a textile mill and a distillery were also carried out in the c both cases was significantly enhanced.To whom all correspondence should be addressed.     

Seasonal Variations in the Metal Concentration of Taraxacum Officinale,Plantago Major and Plantago Lanceolata

The seasonal changes in the concentrations of aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the leaves of Taraxacum officianale, Plantago lanceolata and Plantago major are investigated. the most convenient periods for sampling are established when the elemental concentrations have minimal variation and are independent on the development of the plant itself. On this basis, the presumption is made that the most appropriate sampling period for herbaceous species for biomonitoring processes is the end of blossoming of the plant or immediately after that.     

The interception effect of heavy metals in different types of Chinese fir plantations

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The aim of this research is to investigate the interception effect of heavy metals, such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd)...     

Ecological modelling Internet resources

Internet resources are grouped into registers and sources of ecological models (6 addresses), sources of documents (7), sources of data (5), initiatives (5), societies (4), journals (4) frequently asked questions (7), extensive list of links to Web pages (4), search engines (5) and Usenet groups (10). At present, Internet resources are not replacing classical libraries but should be considered as complementary sources of information.     

非多溴联苯醚(PBDE)类卤系阻燃剂的生物富集特征

近年来,六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)、四溴双酚A(TBBPA)、双(六氯环戊二烯)环辛烷(DP)、十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)、l,2-双(三溴苯氧基)乙烷(BTBPE)、五溴甲苯(PBT)、2,3,4,5,6-五溴乙苯(PBEB)和六溴苯(HBB)等非PBDE类卤系阻燃剂(HFRs)在生物体内的富集及其生态风险已引起人们...     

Heavy metals distribution and risk assessment in soils affected by tannery effluents

Effluents collected from tanneries in Sialkot showed considerably higher levels of heavy metals. Sodium (12 660.91 mg/L) among macronutrients and Cr (592.20 mg/L) among heavy metals were found in the highest concentrations. Effluent parameters, i.e. biological oxygen demand (BOD; 12.40), chemical oxygen demand (COD; 16.53), Cd (5.90), Cr (592.20) and Fe (18.59) were the respective times higher than Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards and their continuous unchecked discharge into agricultural soils poses a potential risk. Mean concentrations (mg/L) of Cr (592.20), Ni (2.66), Mn (1.16), Fe (37.17), Zn (0.90), Cd (0.59) and Pb (1.18) in this study exceeded levels recorded to date from different tanning hubs in Pakistan. Factor analysis/principal components analysis (FA/PCA) for the effluent parameters resulted in six varimax factors, i.e. VF1 (salinity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride, phosphate, BOD and COD; including characteristic tannery effluent features), VF2 (pH, Cr and alkalinity; tanning operations), VF3 (Cd and Pb; dyeing processes), VF4 (Mn and Fe; finishing operations), VF5 (Ni; retaining processes) and VF6 (hardness, Ca and Cu; bating processes). Cluster analysis performed on metal data resulted in three clusters confirming metal–metal relations obtained either from FA/PCA or a correlation matrix. The results of this study are useful for heavy metal source apportionment, assessment of risk to peripheral soils and the future management of environments around tanneries.     

Total release fogger exposures reported to Texas poison centers, 2000–2009

Total release foggers or “bug bombs” are products designed to fill an area such as a home or workplace with insecticide. Because of their method of action, unintentional exposures may occur. Cases for this retrospective study were all fogger exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 2000–2009. The distribution of cases was identified for various demographic and clinical factors. There were 2855 fogger exposures. Among the patients 56.0% were females and 69.5% were 20 years or older. Considering the exposure circumstances 95.6% were unintentional and 62.2% occurred through inhalation. The management site was 75.2% on site. The medical outcomes were no effect (11.8%), minor effect (25.1%), moderate effect (7.4%), major effect (0.1%), not followed (no effects expected) (3.5%), not followed (minimal effects expected) (39.3%), not followed (potentially toxic) (4.9%), and effects probably unrelated to exposure (7.7%). The most frequently reported clinical effects were cough (25.4%), vomiting (13.3%), nausea (9.2%), dyspnea (8.7%), throat irritation (7.9%), and headache (5.6%). The public needs to be educated about the potential hazard of exposures to foggers. However, most fogger exposures reported to poison centers are not likely to be seriously toxic and can be managed at home.     

粗壮女贞中的新单萜配糖体

从粗壮女贞（Ｌｉｇｕｓｔｒｕｍ ｒｏｂｕｓｔｕｍ）叶子中分离鉴定了４个新的单萜配糖体,命名为粗壮女贞甙Ｄ、Ｇ、Ｈ和Ｌ．通过滤谱及化学方法,它们分别鉴定为香叶醇３‘－Ｏ－μ－Ｌ－南鼠李糖基－４’－顺式香豆酰基－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙（１）,６－羟基－３,７－二甲基－２Ｅ,７葵二烯醇３‘－Ｏ－α－Ｌ－吡喃鼠李糖基－４’反式香豆酰基－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙（２）,６－羟基－３,７－二甲基－２Ｅ,７－葵二烯醇     

The effects of walnut and pine leaves on bread wheat growth and frequence of common weed species in the East-Mediterranean region

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) and pine (Pinus sp.) leaves on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and weed control, during 2001-02 and 2002-03 growing seasons in East Mediterranean region of Turkey. In this research, the treatments were: applications of ground walnut leaves (GWL) and ground pine leaves (GPL) at 19 g/m2 dose at Zadoks-11, applications of 200, 400 and 800 cc/m2 of walnut leaves extract (WLE2, WLE4 and WLE8 respectively), pine leaves extract (PLE2, PLE4 and PLE8 respectively), mixture extract of 200 cc walnut and 200 cc pine (ME), herbicide application (HA) at 8 g/m2 dose at Zadoks-21, and control (C) without any treatment. The results have indicated that the effects of treatments were significant for grain yield (GY), plant height (PH), flag leaf length (FLL), weed number per square meter (WN), but non significant for grain number per head (GN), grain weight per head (GW), 1000 grain weight (1000 GW), flag leaf width (FLW), head number per square meter (HN), vegetative period (VP), grain filling period (GFP) and days to maturity (DM).     

Arsenic and chromate removal from water by iron chips—Effects of anions

The purpose of this study is to estimate the removal efficiency of As and Cr (VI) by one kind of industrial waste — iron chips, as well as to estimate the effects of typical inorganic anions (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate), and typical organic anions (citrate, oxalate, and humate) on As or Cr (VI) removal. The results showed that 98% of As (V) and 92% of As (III) could be removed from aqueous phase by the iron chips within 60 min. Compared with As species, Cr (VI) was removed much more rapidly and efficiently with 97% of Cr (VI) being removed within 25 min. The removal efficiency for arsenic was in the order: As (III) (sulfate), As (III) (nitrate) or As (III), As (III) (humate), As (III) (oxalate), As (III) (citrate), As (III) (phosphate), and for chromate was in the order: Cr (VI) (sulfate), Cr (VI) (phosphate) or Cr (VI) (nitrate) or Cr (VI) (oxalate), Cr (VI), Cr (VI) (citrate), Cr (VI) (humate). In all the treatments, pH level increased with time except for As (III), the removal of which was either without anions or in the presence of humate or nitrate.