采用新型载体的好氧流化床的动力学研究

本文以稀释的味精废水为基质,对采用新型载体ＬＳＡＲ的好氧生物流化床进行动力学研究,求得动力学参数分别为γｍａｘ＝８．８１（ｇＣＯＤ／ｇｖｓ．ｄ）,Ｋｓ＝０２８９（ｇＣＯＤ／Ｌ）,Ｋｄ＝０．０４６ｄ＾－１,Ｙ＝０．１６（ｇｖｓ／ｇＣＯＤ）。其值基本处于文献的报导之内,说明以ＬＳＡＲ为载体的好氧微生物膜具有较好的活性,ＬＳＡＲ作为好氧流化床载体是可行的。     

美国降低燃用低反应性煤电站锅炉氮氧化物排放经验

介绍美国ＮＥＰ（Ｎｅｗ Ｅｎｇｌａｎｄ Ｐｏｗｅｒ）电力公司所属Ｓａｌｅｍ Ｈａｒｂｏｒｅ热电厂ＮＯ．１炉（８７ＭＷ）及ＮＯ．３炉（１５５ＭＷ）燃用低反应性煤时装用新型“低害”（低污染）燃烧器结合使用沿炉膛高度不同标高处注入尿素溶液（ＨＮ３）的ＳＮＣＲ（非选择性催化还原）系统和两段（级）燃烧技术经验，使ＮＯｘ排放浓度达到美国麻省州环保部有害气体允许排放标准（３８０ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，当Ｏ２＝６％时）。     

雨水中S（Ⅳ）浓度和氧化速率的测定

本文介绍了日本横滨雨水中Ｓ（Ⅳ）浓度和大化速率的测定方法：Ｓ（Ⅳ）在雨水中的氧化反应是一级反应：Ｆｅ￣３＋和Ｍｎ￣（２＋）离子对雨水中Ｓ（Ⅳ）的氧化有强的催化作用．Ｓ（Ⅳ）的浓度是０．８～２３．μｍ和氧化速率常数Ｋ是ｏ１２～３、３小时￣－１。     

雨水中S（IV）浓度和氧化速率的测定

本文介绍了日本横滨雨水中Ｓ（ＩＶ）浓度和氧化速率的测定方法：Ｓ（ＩＶ）在雨水中的氧化反应一组反应；Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｍｎ＾２＋离子对雨水中Ｓ（ＩＶ）的氧化有强的催化作用；Ｓ（ＩＶ）的浓度是０．８～２３．５μｍ和氧化率常数０．１２～３．３小时＾－１。     

饮用水中半挥发性有机物的GC／MS分析方法研究

介绍用毛细管气相色谱／质谱联用技术（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）对饮用水中半挥发性有机物的分析研究。饮用水经吸附富集、洗脱、浓缩后，用ＧＣ／ＭＳ测定，定性检出５０种半挥发性有机物，并对１９种主要的半挥发性有机污染物进行定量分析。     

文摘

文摘▲《大气腐蚀对气候钢ＡＴＭＯＦＩＸ５２Ａ机械性能的影响》——《Ｃｏｒｏｓ．Ｓｃｉ》１９９３，Ｖ３５，ｎ１－４，Ｐｔ．１Ｐ７１９－７２５（英）：对暴露于农村、工业和城市地区０．５～１０年的试样，调查了其中的气候钢ＡＴ－ＭＯＦＩＸ５２Ａ的腐蚀动力学、...     

Super—CM利水净处理生活污水的试验研究

Ｓｕｐｅｒ－ＣＭ利水净是利用ＭＡＢ技术研究成功的一种用于治理水污染的新产品。本文介绍了Ｓｕｐｅｒ－ＣＭ利水净结合活性污泥法处理生活污水的一则现场试验案例。试验结果表明,在活性污泥法中加入Ｓｕｐｅｒ－ＣＭ利水净能够有效的提高污水处理能力,在试验后期进水增加３０％的情况下,ＣＯＤ、ＳＳ的平均去除率仍然分别提高了８．７％、４．１％。     

简易流动注射仪化学发光法测定水环境中的铵态氮

在０．１Ｍ的碱性条件下，ＮＢＳ（Ｎ—溴代丁二酰亚　胺）在荧光素的增敏作用下氧化氯化铵，产生强的化学发光。基于此本文详细研究了其反应　的特性和影响因素，在优化的实验条件下体系对氯化铵的测定范围为１．０×１０－７～１　．５×１０－５ｇ／ｍＬ，检出限为３．６×１０－８ｇ／ｍＬ，对５．０×１０－６ｇ／ｍＬ氯化铵　进行１１次平行测定，其ＲＳＤ为２．８％。将本法用于环境水样中ＮＨ＋４的分析，并与常规的　方法进行对照，获得了满意的结果。     

ECG中50Hz干扰的抑制及其性能

分析了ＥＣＧ（心电图）和市电工频５０Ｈｚ干扰的特点及ＥＣＧ记录的高要求,提出采用结构简单的两个权的自适应凹口滤波器的自适应干扰对消器（ＡＮＦ）抑制ＥＣＧ中的５０Ｈｚ干扰。通过对ＬＭＳ算法时的传输函数和计算机模拟结果,从频域和时域分析了抑制性能。     

自动电位滴定法测定气田废水中的C1~-

利用电位滴定法在７１６ＤＭＳ型自动电位滴定仪上实现对气田废水中Ｃ１－的快速、灵敏、准确测定,避免了色度、浊度的干扰。对方法的检出限、标样和实际水样精密度、准确度,进行了全面的测定分析,并与硝酸银滴定法进行了对比。氯化物的检出限为０．３２ｍｇ／Ｌ;相对标准偏差小于等于２．１％,加标回收率在９８．９％１０１％范围内,对同一标样和实际样品的测定两种方法的结果吻合较好。     

GC／MS外标法测定水中22种挥发性有机物的探究

以外标法定量,通过吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱对22种挥发性有机物进行检测,建立了相应的分析方法。方法将单次分析时间控制样品在50min,连续进样分析时间在38min。并对样品的检测数据进行分析,样品回收率在84．9％～124．9％之间,相对标准偏差均小于10％,且加标回收率在半年内能稳定在81．5％～129．7％之间。结果表明,在采用自动进样器进样条件下,外标法在精准度上满足实验需求,且分析时间较短,节省了加入内标物所带来的成本负担。     

气相色谱法测定室内空气中挥发性卤代烃

建立了活性炭吸附-溶剂解吸-气相色谱测定室内空气中7种挥发性卤代烃的分析方法。样品经活性炭采样管富集后,用二硫化碳解吸,Agilent HP-1色谱柱分离,使用带有电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪测定,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。当采样体积为10 L时,方法检出限范围是0.03~0.18 g/m3,加标回收率在72%~114%之间,相对标准偏差小于15%。结果表明,该方法可以应用于室内空气中痕量挥发性卤代烃样品的检测分析。     

MASS BALANCE MODEL ESTIMATION OF PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS IN RESERVOIRS1

ABSTRACT: Mass balance models have been common tools in lake quality management for some years. However, verification for use on reservoirs, especially in the Western United States, has been seriously lacking, In this study, such a verification is attempted using data from the U.S EPA National Eutrophication Survey. Several models from the literature are compared for accuracy in application to the western reservoir data. Model standard error and correlation between estimated and observed reservoir phosphorus concentrations are the Criteria used for comparison. Standard errors am further used to calculate uncertainty of trophic state classification based on estimated phosphorus concentration. The model proposed by Dillon and Rigler (1974) proved most accurate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.86 and standard error of 0.2, based on logarithmic transformed values. Deficiencies in the other models appear to & from coefficients fit to lake data and from inappropriate model formulation.     

Identification of Putative Geographically Isolated Wetlands of the Conterminous United States

Geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs) are wetlands completely surrounded by uplands. While common throughout the United States (U.S.), there have heretofore been no nationally available, spatially explicit estimates of GIW extent, complicating efforts to understand the myriad biogeochemical, hydrological, and habitat functions of GIWs and hampering conservation and management efforts at local, state, and national scales. We used a 10‐m geospatial buffer as a proxy for hydrological or ecological connectivity of National Wetlands Inventory palustrine and lacustrine wetland systems to nationally mapped and available stream, river, and lake data. We identified over 8.3 million putative GIWs across the conterminous U.S., encompassing nearly 6.5 million hectares of wetland resources (average size 0.79 ± 4.81 ha, median size 0.19 ha). Putative GIWs thus represent approximately 16% of the freshwater wetlands of the conterminous U.S. The water regime for the majority of the putative GIWs was temporarily or seasonally flooded, suggesting a vulnerability to ditching or hydrologic abstraction, sedimentation, or alterations in precipitation patterns. Additional analytical applications of this readily available geospatially explicit mapping product (e.g., hydrological modeling, amphibian metapopulation, or landscape ecological analyses) will improve our understanding of the abundance and extent, effect, connectivity, and relative importance of GIWs to other aquatic systems of the conterminous U.S.     

光致抗蚀剂乳化废水中有机物GC/MS分析

采用色谱－质谱（GC／MS）联用分析仪分析了电子工业光致抗蚀剂乳化废水中的有机化合物成份，测定了该废水中各种有机污染物的含量。分析结果表明：电子工业中光致抗蚀剂乳化废水的主要成份为有机酸类、醛类、酯类、胺类、芳香酮类、酸酐类、砜类、聚醚类、醇类、芳香烃类、杂环类十一大类有机化合物，其中聚丙二醇类、脂肪酸类、丁烯酸类、苯甲酸类、苯甲酸胺、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类和噻吩类约占总有机碳含量的95％以上。有机污染物的分析测定对此类废水的处理工艺的研究具有重要的指导作用。     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中甲醛、乙醛和丙烯醛

建立了顶空气相色谱法同时测定水中甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛的方法。目标化合物连续测定9次的相对标准偏差分别为0.01,1.89,3.54;检出限分别为0.03μg/L,5.68μg/L,10.3μg/L,实际水样加标回收率在98%~101%。方法简便,快速,灵敏度高,基体干扰小。适用于地表水、地下水和工业废水中甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛的同时、快速测定。     

超声萃取GC/MS法测定电子电气产品中12种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量

建立了超声萃取GC/MS法测定电子电气产品中12种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的方法。结果表明:该方法简单快速,灵敏度高,相对标准偏差小于10%,加标回收率为86%~109%;样品处理过程中采用化学毒性小的乙酸乙酯作为萃取溶剂,绿色环保。经过对多批次的各种电子电气产品中12种邻苯二甲酸酯分析测定,均得到满意结果。     

荠菜叶挥发性成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对荠菜叶挥发油进行了提取。通过毛细管气相色谱—质谱联用法分离并鉴定了其化学成分,用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对百分含量,共分离确定了其中12种化合物,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的65.62%,主要化学成分为：L-胍基琥珀酰亚胺（21.28%）、植醇（18%）、植酮（9.6%）、油酸（4.71%）、棕榈酸（3.97%）等。     

REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN STREAMS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO NUTRIENT CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT1

ABSTRACT: In order to establish meaningful nutrient criteria, consideration must be given to the spatial variations in geographic phenomena that cause or reflect differences in nutrient concentrations in streams. Regional differences in stream nutrient concentrations were illustrated using stream data collected from 928 nonpoint‐source watersheds distributed throughout the country and sampled as part of the U.S. EPA National Eutrophication Survey (NES). Spatial patterns in the differences were compared and found to correspond with an a priori regional classification system based on regional patterns in landscape attributes associated with variation in nutrient concentrations. The classification consists of 14 regions composed of aggregations of the 84 U.S. EPA Level III Ecoregions. The primary distinguishing characteristics of each region and the factors associated with variability in water quality characteristics are presented. The use of the NES and many other extant monitoring data sets to develop regional reference conditions for nutrient concentrations in streams is discouraged on the basis of sample representation. The necessity that all sites used in such an effort be regionally representative and consistently screened for least possible impact is emphasized. These sampling issues are rigorously addressed by the U.S. EPA Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). A case‐study, using EMAP data collected from the Central and Eastern Forested Uplands, demonstrates how regional reference conditions and draft nutrient criteria could be developed.