AT－SS复合颗粒吸附剂的制备和除铅性能研究

通过颗粒吸附剂在含铅溶液中的振荡实验．研究了凹凸棒石粘土（ＡＴ）和钢渣（ＣＳ）、水泥（ＳＮ）、石英砂（ＳＳ）制得的多种复合颗粒吸附剂的除铅性能及制备条件．确定出最佳颗粒吸附剂为ＡＴ－ＳＳ，混合比为５：１，７００℃下焙烧１２０ｍｉｎ．对铅的静态吸附容量高达５００ｍｇ／ｇ以上，动态吸附容量为６０ｍｇ／ｇ．在１．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ的流速下，穿透时间为２０ｈ，洗脱回收率为４８．３％．当Ｐｂ进样量为２００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，ＡＴ－ＳＳ吸附剂在２３６倍床体积之内，流出液浓度低于排放标准．     

玉米芯粉处理含汞废水的研究

通过模拟试验探讨了经活化后的玉米芯粉吸附汞的效果及其主要技术参数，结果表明，玉米芯粉对汞的吸附平衡时间为１００ｍｉｎ，最大吸附量为０．９８５ｍｇ／ｇ，工作吸附量（穿透点）为０．４００ｍｇ／ｇ，该吸附剂容易洗脱与再生，且使用寿命长，最佳洗脱液为０．１％的稀硝酸溶液，吸附剂使用２０次后，效果仍较好，二级吸附对泵的去除率高达９９．７５％，出水浓度为０．０２５ｍｇ／Ｌ，可以使含Ｈｇ＾２＋１０．００ｍｇ／Ｌ     

AT-SS复合颗粒吸附剂的制备和除铅性能研究

通过颗粒吸附剂在含铅溶液中的振荡实验,研究了凹凸棒石粘土的钢渣,水泥,石英砂制得的多种复合颗粒吸附剂的附铅性能制备条件,确定出最佳颗粒吸附剂为ＡＴ－ＳＳ,混合比为５：１,７００℃下焙烧１２０ｍｉｎ,对铅的静态吸附容量高达５００ｍｇ／ｇ以上,动态吸附容量为６０ｍｇ／ｇ。     

粘土吸附剂的除铅性能及热力学研究

本文报道了粘土吸附剂自溶液中吸附铅的吸附性能及热力学性能．该吸附剂吸附铅的最佳处理条件为：用３ＭＨ２ＳＯ４振荡处理４ｈ，然后在２００℃下培烧２ｈ，该吸附为放热过程．饱和吸附量为１６．８ｍｇ／ｇ，符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温线，其吸附热为－６０９．６Ｊ／ｍｏｌ．     

不同状态MnO_2对废水中As(Ⅲ)的吸附研究

利用ＭｎＯ２对含Ａｓ（ＩＩ）废水进行了吸附实验，结果表明，ＭｎＯ２对Ａｓ（ＩＩ）有着较强的吸附能力，其饱和吸附量为４４．０６ｍｇ／ｇ（δ－ＭｎＯ２）和１７．９ｍｇ／ｇ（ε－ＭｎＯ２），阴离子的存在使ＭｎＯ２吸附量有所下降，一些阳离子（如Ｇａ３＋、Ｉｎ３＋）可增加其吸附量，吸附后的ＭｎＯ２经解吸后可重复使用。     

改性麦糟吸附水中酸性湖蓝A和碱性湖蓝BB实验研究

采用AlCl_3改性麦糟和Na OH改性麦糟分别处理酸性湖蓝A和碱性湖蓝BB,研究了不同pH、吸附剂投加量、时间和温度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:改性麦糟对酸性湖蓝A吸附反应的最佳条件在室温下,初始染料色度为500倍,溶液pH为3,吸附剂投加量5 g/L,反应时间30 min,脱色率达93%;改性麦糟对碱性湖蓝BB吸附反应的最佳条件在室温下,初始染料色度为500倍,溶液pH为9,吸附剂投加量3 g/L,反应时间30 min,脱色率达99%。且吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,其相关系数均在0.999以上。实验处理后废水色度在50倍以下,水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

微波法污泥含碳吸附剂对六价铬的去除实验研究

氯化锌为活化剂污泥含碳吸附剂用于含六价铬废水的吸附实验。实验以静态吸附的操作方式,考察了吸附剂的投加量、吸附时间、废水的pH值对目标污染物的去除率的影响,并对其吸附模型进行了探讨。结果表明：对于含六价铬废水吸附实验最佳的吸附条件是吸附剂投加量不少于0．7g,吸附平衡时间是90min,溶液pH值小于2,溶液的初始浓度为20mg／L。朗格缪尔模型比弗兰德利希模型更适合用于描述污泥含碳吸附剂对该废水的吸附,其饱和吸附量为8.285mg／g。     

海带生物吸附含铜废水的试验

利用海带作为生物吸附材料对含Ｃｕ＾２＋废水处理进行了研究。０．２ｇ颗粒直径为０．１８～０．４２ｍｍ的海带粉末，在１００ｍＬ Ｃｕ＾２＋浓度为１００ｍｇ／Ｌ、ｐＨ为３．０～６．０溶液，吸附容量Ｑｍａｘ为４１．５～６０．０ｍｇ／ｇ，Ｃｕ＾２＋的去除率为８３．９％～８９．３％。ｐＨ值是影响吸附的主要因素，最佳吸附ｐＨ值为３．０～６．０。     

改性PAN基活性碳纤维的SO2吸附性能

为了探索提高聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）活性碳纤维（ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ）对ＳＯ２的吸附性能,采用加入不同的活性组分对自制的ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ进行改性;研究了ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ和经过不同改性后的ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ对ＳＯ２的吸附性能。取得性后活性碳纤维为改性前平衡吸附量４ ２倍以上;为活性炭的１０倍左右（ＡＣＦ－ＰＡＮ６２．９ｍｇ／ｇＡＣＦ,ＡＣＦ－ＰＡ（Ⅱ）１－４型１１３．６－１４３．７ｍｇ／ｇＡＣＦ,活性炭１４．９ｍｇ／ｇ     

一氧化碳基础吸附剂的筛选与优化

通过研究不同材质、不同前处理和不同粒度的活性炭成分子筛，在一定条件下对ＣＯ吸附量的差异，以及吸附碳性能，进行筛选和优化，得到对ＣＯ有较好附性能的基础吸附剂，并对其添加改性剂Ｂ进行改性，研究结果表明，改性后的活性炭（酸洗３２～３８日）吸附剂对ＣＯ的吸附量有显著提高，平衡吸附量为８４．０７ｍｇ／ｇ，提高率为７９．３％，可为研制新型防御ＣＯ滤毒剂提供依据。     

Sequestration of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions by chemically treated rubber(Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder(an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated.The interactions between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX).The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH,adsorbent dosage,initial lead concentration and contact time were studied.The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4-5.Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g,almost 100% of Pb(Ⅱ) ions(23 mg/L) could be removed.The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time,and relatively a short period of time(60-90 min) was required to reach equilibrium.The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir,Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.Based on Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g.Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order,pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process,and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

Sequestration of toxic Pb（II） ions by chemically treated rubber （Hevea brasiliensis ） leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

两种ZSM-5沸石分子筛吸附水中氨氮的研究

考察了两种硅铝比分别为25及50的ZSM-5沸石分子筛对水中氨氮的吸附性能及影响因素.研究表明,25℃时,25H及50H型沸石的吸附平衡时间分别为10 min和35 min,吸附等温线均符合Langmuir经验模型,25 H型分子筛的饱和吸附容量较大,为7.83 mg/g,50H型分子筛为4.36 mg/g.当吸附剂投...     

烟梗黄原酸酯吸附铜离子性能研究

以废烟梗为原料,通过制备烟梗黄原酸酯对废烟梗进行化学改性,并用其吸附Cu^2＋。考察了搅拌速度,吸附剂用量,pH,温度,粒度,Cu^2＋初始浓度和吸附时间对吸附量的影响,发现各种参数对Cu^2＋的吸附都有影响。对于50mg／L的Cu^2＋,吸附平衡时间为10min,吸附量为19．30mg／g,Cu^2＋去除率可达96％。室温下吸附Cu^2＋时,可以用拟二级动力学模型描述。结果表明,化学改性的废烟梗去除Cu^2＋具有良好的应用前景。     

Dye removal from wastewater using the adsorbent developed from sewage sludge

Introduction Adsorptionisrelevantinenvironmentalpollutionandprotectionwithreferencetowaterandwastewatertreatment(Bowen,1992).Toxicmaterials,hazardousionsanddyes fromindustrialeffluentsbythewayofadsorptionareofgreatsignificantinconnectionwithenvironmentala…     

Regenerable adsorbent for removing ammonia evolved from anaerobic reaction of animal urine

The waste gas evolved from biodegradation of animal urine contains ammonia causing environmental concerns. A new and effective method for removing ammonia from such waste gas using reactive adsorption is presented. In the process, activated carbon impregnated with H2SO4（H2SO4/C） is employed. Ammonia in the waste gas reacts with H2SO4 on the adsorbent instantaneously and completely to form （NIL）2SO4. The H2SO4/C adsorbent is high in NH3 adsorption capacity and regenerable. The NH3 removal capacity of this regenerable adsorbent is more than 30 times that of the adsorbents used normally in the industry. The spent H2SO4/C is regenerated by flowing low-pressure steam through the adsorbent bed to remove the （NH4）2SO4 from the adsorbent. The regeneration by-product is concentrated （NH4）2SO4 solution, which is a perfect liquid fertilizer for local use. Re-soaking the activated carbon with H2SO4 solution rejuvenates the activity of the adsorbent. Thus the H2SOJC can be reused repeatedly. In the mechanism of this reactive adsorption process, trace of H20 in the waste gas is a required, which lends itself to treating ammonia gas saturated with moisture from biodegradation of animal urine.     

磁性铝基MOF的表征和对水体中氟化物吸附性能研究

我国多地的地表水受到成土母质或背景值的影响,氟离子浓度均超过1.0 mg/L,即高于GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准限值.为了实现地表水的快速降氟和吸附材料的便捷回收,通过水热法制备了磁性Al-MOF@Fe₃O₄吸附材料,使用扫描电极（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和孔隙度分析仪（BET）对材料的形貌和化学组成进行了表征.结果表明:①Al-MOF@Fe₃O₄具有不规则的晶体形状和直径更小的介孔结构,能够提供更高的比表面积吸附氟离子.②吸附试验结果表明,Al-MOF/Fe₃O₄的吸附量达到了75.2 mg/g,吸附过程更加符合拟二阶动力学模型,证明了化学吸附是该除氟过程的主要机理.③增加吸附剂投加和降低氟离子初始浓度,有助于提高除氟效率,但却难以得到较高的吸附量,同时碱性条件不利于氟离子的吸附,阴离子对除氟性能的影响程度表现为CO₃2- > HCO₃- > SO₄2- > PO₄3- > Cl-.④对吸附机理的研究表明,氟离子是通过取代Al-OH实现稳定和快速地脱离水体,使用NaOH溶液淋洗可以实现吸附剂的高效再生.⑤5次循环吸附试验后,复合材料依然保留了71.4 mg/g的吸附能力和良好的磁性.在实际地表水中进行除氟试验,该吸附剂可以将氟化物浓度从1.17 mg/L降至0.2 mg/L以下.研究显示,Al-MOF@Fe₃O₄纳米材料可以作为地表水除氟材料,实现对低浓度氟离子的高效去除.      

载钠硅碳羟基磷灰石的制备及其对水中As(Ⅴ)的吸附特性

由于自然和人为活动导致自然水体和土壤被As（砷）污染,严重危及生态环境并已受到广泛关注.为实现更大程度地去除含As废水的新型吸附材料,以废弃蛋壳为原材料,采用超声波法制备多孔状且较大比表面积的Na-Si-CHAP[Ca_10-xNa_x（PO₄）_6-y-z（SiO₄）_z（CO₃）_y（OH）_2-α,载钠硅碳羟基磷灰石],深入分析去除含As（Ⅴ）废水的吸附特性.通过BET比表面积、扫描电镜（SEM）、EDX（能量色散X射线光谱）、X-射线衍射（XRD）等手段对样品进行表征,并进一步探讨了pH、吸附时间、初始ρ[As（Ⅴ）]以及反应温度等因素对吸附效果的影响.结果表明:在pH为6.0、作用时间为60 min、反应温度为313 K等优化条件下,0.2 g Na-Si-CHAP对100 mL 30 mg/L含As（Ⅴ）废水的去除率和平衡吸附容量分别为96.53%和14.48 mg/g.Langmuir等温吸附模型较好地拟合了吸附试验数据,313 K下相关系数（r2）高达0.998 0,饱和吸附容量达46.73 mg/g,明显高于其他同类材料;准二级动力学模型可较好地描述该吸附行为,相关系数高达0.999 9;热力学参数△G（吉布斯自由能变）、△H（焓变）和△S（熵变）的计算值显示,该吸附过程为自发吸热过程.研究显示,Na-Si-CHAP作为一种吸附剂,对含As（Ⅴ）的去除效果明显优于同类材料.      

离聚物（MPET）对水中铬离子的吸附性能研究

研究了离聚物（MPET）粉末对Cr^3 的吸附性能，探讨了不同的吸附温度、时间、pH值和不同的初始浓度对吸附性能的影响，实验发现Cr^3 在较低温度下和pH为4时能被MPETO分末很好地吸附，最大饱和吸附量为11.80mg/g，实验表明MPET废纤维很可能发展成为一种经济的吸附重金属离子的材料。