碱性化学镀镍废液的净化处理

找到了一种处理碱性化学镀镍废液的新方法 ,研究了镀液组成、温度、时间、漂白粉浓度对化学镀镍废液处理结果的影响。结果表明 ,用漂白粉处理碱性化学镀镍废液是可行的。     

化学镀镍废水中磷和镍的同步去除

为有效去除化学镀镍废水中的主要污染物质磷与镍,采用H_2O_2氧化、芬顿氧化、铁碳处理、次氯酸钙氧化4种方法进行同步除磷去镍效果研究。结果表明:H_2O_2可有效去除废水中的镍,但单独氧化除磷效果不佳,芬顿氧化可增强其对磷的去除率,在一定的反应时间下达到良好的同步除磷去镍的效果;铁碳处理可基本达到同步除磷去镍的效果,但反应时间长;次氯酸钙可快速去除水中的磷与镍,是一种理想的同步除磷去镍试剂。通过分析可知,4种方法对化学镀镍废水中的磷与镍的去除均具有一定效果,且各具优势。研究为实现化学镀镍废水中同步除磷去镍的目标提供参考。     

水泥窑协同处置危险废物的烟气污染物排放特性研究

水泥窑协同处置技术能够有效地缓解危险废物(以下简称危废)的处置压力,是一项很有发展前景的危废处置技术。通过监测两座典型的新型干法水泥窑在协同处置危废时窑尾烟气中烟尘、SO2和NOx等污染物的排放浓度,评价两条水泥生产线在协同处置危废时污染物排放浓度能否达标。监测结果表明,水泥窑协同处置危废时烟气污染物浓度均低于《水泥工业大气污染物排放标准》(GB 4915—2013)和《水泥窑协同处置固体废物污染控制标准》(GB 30485—2013)规定的排放限值。同时,两座水泥窑烟气中烟尘、SO2、NOx和HF等污染物的排放因子均低于我国新型干法水泥窑污染物排放的平均值,表明两条水泥生产线窑尾烟气净化系统运行良好。此外,还研究了水泥窑协同处置危废前后二噁英排放毒性当量浓度的变化情况。     

宝应县工业固体废物污染现状及防治对策

近年来,随着宝应县大力实施工业强县战略,规模企业群体加快壮大,固体废物的产生量也随之不断增加,构成类别逐步呈现多样化,尤其是工业固废污染环境状况由此变得严峻起来。本文在近年来环境统计及2007年度污染源普查数据的基础上,对宝应县工业固体废物的产生、构成、处置现状进行了分析,并针对该县在处置利用工业固体废物过程中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议。     

火焰原子吸收法测定酸洗废液中重金属的应用研究

针对采用火焰原子吸收法直接测定酸洗废液中铬、镍、铅3种重金属数据准确性较差的问题,研究了酸洗废液重金属测定存在的干扰因素及采用标准加入法消除干扰的可行性。结果表明,若用火焰原子吸收法直接测定酸洗废液会受到来自基体的干扰,铬、镍、铅的回收率分别为54.0%、84.9%、89.5%,均出现了回收率不达标的情况。通过干扰试验可知,铬主要受到Fe~(2+)的化学干扰及溶液的物理干扰,镍和铅主要受溶液的物理干扰作用,均使测定结果偏低。镍、铅可直接采用标准加入法测定,R~2分别可达0.999 1、0.999 7,镍、铅的回收率分别为97.5%、101.5%;但对于铬,需先优化测定条件和加入干扰抑制剂后,才能采用标准加入法测定,此时铬的相对标准偏差为1.41%,回收率为104.9%。该测定方法精确度和准确度良好,可用于酸洗废液中重金属的测定。     

松脂废液项目环境影响评价中的清洁生产分析

针对尚未颁布清洁生产标准的林产加工行业,以2.00万t/a松脂废液加工项目的环境影响评价为例,从生产工艺和装备要求、资源能源利用指标、产品指标、污染物产生指标和废物回收利用指标等5个方面进行清洁生产水平分析.通过综合指数评价法,确定了项目高纯长叶烯精制、松油醇生产和固体废物综合利用3项指标仍处于国内一般水平,并提出相应...     

破络-Fenton法处理化学镀镍废水并回收水中的磷酸盐

以电镀厂化学镀镍的混合清洗水为处理对象,采用CaO破络吸附联合Fenton氧化的多级物化技术去除废液中的镍离子和磷酸盐,研究CaO投加量和反应时间对镍离子去除效率的影响以及Fenton试剂投加量、反应初始pH对废液中磷处理效果的影响。结果表明,通过两段式反应,当CaO投加量为2 g·L~(-1)、反应时间1 h;反应初始pH为4、H_2O_2投加量9.18 mg·L~(-1)、m(H_2O_2)/m(Fe~(2+))为5∶1、反应时间180 min时,镍离子和总磷(TP)含量由原来的64.6和90.2 mg·L~(-1)分别降低至0.43和0.46 mgl·L~(-1),均达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)。处理后沉淀物经测试符合Fe_2(PO_4)_3晶体及其形貌特征,达到了资源回收的目的。     

第一届固体废物污染控制化学研讨会在广州成功召开

<正>2019年12月7-8日,"第一届固体废物污染控制化学研讨会"在广州成功召开。270余位环境领域的学者、企业技术专家、相关从业人员出席了本次会议。会议设置了1个主会场、4个分会场,共组织了5个大会特邀报告、62个分会报告。报告内容涵盖"有机固体废物污染控制化学"、"无机固体废物污染控制化学"、"固体废物资源化及高值利用"及"生活垃圾与市政污泥" 4个领域。     

徐州市矿业型“无废城市”建设评价及障碍度识别

构建了适用于矿业型城市的“无废城市”建设评价体系,并探索了徐州市矿业型“无废城市”建设状况和障碍因素。结果表明,至2020年,徐州市“无废城市”建设基本成型,城市固体废物排放增加趋缓,大部分已得到妥善处置;5个最主要障碍指标为地表水达到或优于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)的Ⅲ类比例、工业固体废物产生强度、建筑业总产值、人均国内生产总值、城市化水平,压力成为了主要障碍子系统。结合研究结论提出徐州市进一步促进“无废城市”建设的对策建议,以期为提升矿业型“无废城市”建设水平提供参考。     

电芬顿法去除化学镀镍废水中的镍、总磷和COD

采用电芬顿法处理化学镀镍废水,分别考察了电流密度、初始pH和H_2O_2投加量对镍离子、总磷和COD去除效果的影响。结果表明:随着电流密度的增大,镍离子和COD的去除率提高,总磷去除率也逐渐增加;当初始pH为3时,对镍离子、COD和总磷的去除效果最好;随着H_2O_2投加量的增加,镍离子去除率并没有明显的提高,总磷和COD的去除率表现为先增大后减小。优化所得的最佳工艺参数:电流密度为10 mA·cm~(-2)、初始pH为3、 30%H_2O_2投加量为6 mL·L~(-1)、反应40 min,镍离子、总磷和COD的去除率分别达到96.6%、91.5%和84.7%。此外,随着电化学反应的进行,反应体系不断升高的pH导致生成的正磷酸盐沉淀溶出,总磷去除率降低。镍离子主要是通过电絮凝作用去除,总磷和COD主要通过芬顿氧化后吸附沉淀而被去除。以上研究证明,采用电芬顿方法处理化学镀镍废水具有较好的应用前景。     

洗像废液的分质处理

对洗像过程中产生的洗像废液按照成分的不同进行分质处理。其中 ,有机废液采用高温焚烧的方法进行处理 ;无机废液根据主要成分的化学性质分别采用中和、氧化等方法进行处理。通过室内试验 ,确定了处理工艺的主要参数 ,并根据试验结果 ,利用废液处理站设施处理了 1.6 4t洗像废液。处理后排放的废水、废气均达到了国家有关排放标准     

Partitioning gas tracer tests for measurement of water in municipal solid waste

A key component in the operation of almost all bioreactor landfills is the addition of water to maintain optimal moisture conditions. To determine how much water is needed and where to add it, in situ methods are required to measure water within solid waste. Existing technologies often result in measurements of unknown accuracy, because of the variability of solid waste materials and time-dependent changes in packing density, both of which influence most measurement methods. To overcome these problems, a new technology recently developed by hydrologists for measuring water in the vadose zone--the partitioning gas tracer test--was tested. In this technology, the transport behavior of two gas tracers within solid waste is used to measure the fraction of the void space filled with water. One tracer is conservative and does not react with solids or liquids, while a second tracer partitions into the water and is separated from the conservative tracer during transport. This technology was tested in four different solid waste packings and was capable of determining the volumetric water content to within 48% of actual values, with most measurement errors less than 15%. This technology and the factors that affect its applicability to landfills are discussed in this paper.     

17 beta-estradiol: behavior during waste water analyses.

The distribution between the aqueous and solid phase of 17 beta-estradiol in the ng-range in waste water was investigated by spiking experiments with a radio-labeled hormone. The distribution was measured by liquid scintillation counting. The major part of 17 beta-estradiol remained in the aqueous phase and did not adsorb to the solids. The fraction in the aqueous phase could be enriched by a conventional solid phase extraction with a recovery rate of up to 100%. Losses were negligible and the compound did not adsorb to the surfaces of glass bottles.     

Partitioning Gas Tracer Tests for Measurement of Water in Municipal Solid Waste

Abstract

A key component in the operation of almost all bioreactor landfills is the addition of water to maintain optimal moisture conditions. To determine how much water is needed and where to add it, in situ methods are required to measure water within solid waste. Existing technologies often result in measurements of unknown accuracy, because of the variability of solid waste materials and time-dependent changes in packing density, both of which influence most measurement methods. To overcome these problems, a new technology recently developed by hydrologists for measuring water in the vadose zone—the partitioning gas tracer test—was tested. In this technology, the transport behavior of two gas tracers within solid waste is used to measure the fraction of the void space filled with water. One tracer is conservative and does not react with solids or liquids, while a second tracer partitions into the water and is separated from the conservative tracer during transport. This technology was tested in four different solid waste packings and was capable of determining the volumetric water content to within 48% of actual values, with most measurement errors less than 15%. This technology and the factors that affect its applicability to landfills are discussed in this paper.     

生物膜填料塔净化低浓度苯乙烯废气的实验研究

研究了进口气体中苯乙烯浓度、气体流量和液体流量等3个因素对生物膜填料塔净化苯乙烯废气的影响.研究结果表明,当进口气体中苯乙烯浓度为1000 mg/m3以下、气体流量为200L/h、循环液流量为10L/h的操作条件下,废气中苯乙烯的去除率可达90%以上.     

生物膜填料塔净化低浓度苯乙烯废气的实验研究

研究了进口气体中苯乙烯浓度、气体流量和液体流量等3个因素对生物膜填料塔净化苯乙烯废气的影响。研究结果表明，当进口气体中苯乙烯浓度为1000mg／m^3以下、气体流量为200L／h、循环液流量为10L／h的操作条件下，废气中苯乙烯的去除率可达90％以上。     

Experimental evaluation of PCDD/Fs and PCBs release and mass balance of a WTE plant

The behaviour of waste incineration plants with respect to organic toxic trace contaminants such as PCDDs, PCDFs and, to a minor extent, PCBs, is still a matter of concern for the public opinion and the decision makers. It is therefore very important, first, to evaluate the release of these organic toxic trace contaminants in the environment during waste incineration, not only through the stack gas emission but also with the solid and liquid residues, and then to compare the total release with the input through the treated waste in order to assess the plant behaviour as a “sink” rather than a “source” of organic toxic trace contaminants. The experimental investigation carried out on an Italian full scale incineration plant has shown a total 17 PCDD/Fs and 12 dioxin-like PCBs release of 5.5-27 μg WHO-TEQ per tonne of treated waste and an input flux of 1.6-44 μg WHO-TEQ per tonne of waste, with the difference between the input and the output fluxes rather small and the plant behaviour toward organic trace toxic contaminants in average neutral. Results are compared with similar evaluations conducted in the last decade on a number of waste-to-energy (WTE) plants operating in Italy.     

利用纯碱厂碱性废液进行烟气脱硫(FGD)工艺试验研究

纯碱厂在生产纯碱过程中要排放出大量碱性废液 ,如果利用其作为净化锅炉烟气的脱硫剂 ,不仅减低了脱硫剂费用 ,而且消除了SO2 污染。本文在简单分析旋流板塔式除尘脱硫装置的结构和工作原理的基础上 ,探讨了利用碱性废液进行烟气除尘脱硫的主要影响因素 ,并找出了最佳操作条件。试验结果表明 :利用纯碱厂排放的碱性废液———一次盐泥进行锅炉烟气脱硫可以取得较高的净化效率 ,同时解决了因为碱性废液排放而给周围水域带来的污染。旋流板塔式除尘脱硫装置结构简单 ,脱硫效率高 ,并且运行安全稳定 ,是一项值得推广的技术     

净水厂生产废水回用对供水水质的影响

通过研究生产废水回用对水质的影响,认为生产废水含固率是影响回用效果的重要评价指标,回用澄清池排泥水和滤池反冲洗水,对水质的影响规律相似.改善混凝条件的最佳含固率范围也是回用对水质影响最小的含固率范围.当含固率小于1%时,回用不会对水质造成影响,当含固率大于1%时,回用较无回用时的水质变差,但不会超过水质标准.回用生产废水可以提高有机物的去除率,主要是因为生产废水中含有的Al(OH)3沉淀物的物理吸附和卷扫絮凝功能.     

印染行业热定型机油烟废气检测方法研究

建立了粘胶基活性炭纤维吸附-正己烷萃取-紫外分光光度法检测热定型机油烟废气的方法,以印染厂实际热定型机油烟废气萃取液为标准油烟,在230 nm处测吸光度,绘制标准曲线,相关系数为0.999 7.实验结果表明,正己烷1次萃取率超过了90%,紫外分光光度法标准偏差为0.344～0.693,相对标准偏差在5%内,平均加标回收率为93%～98%,方法检出限为0.829 mg/L.粘胶基活性炭纤维耐高温,对0～100 mg/L的热定型机油烟废气的饱和吸附量为1.0～2.5 g/g.用Langmuir、Freundlich和DR方程对实验吸附等温线进行了拟合,低油烟浓度时Langmuir方程拟合较好,高浓度油烟时DR方程拟合较好.