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1.
The degradation rate of dioxins added to the activated sludge from a leachate treatment plant of a landfill under denitrification conditions was estimated using six bioreactors. Over 99% of the added dioxins (600ng) were degraded within 7 days. Furthermore, continuous cultivation was carried out for 1 month. The activated sludge degraded 600ng of dioxins (that is, all of the added dioxins) placed in each reactor every 7 days, and this activity was maintained for 35 days. Under aerobic conditions with this sludge, the dioxins were not degraded in 7 days, but 90% of the 600ng of dioxins was degraded in 35 days. The high level of activity observed in the present study may only occur under anaerobic conditions, especially under denitrifying conditions. 相似文献
2.
Hirotoshi Kawabata Bokka Yabunaka Masayuki Tanabe Tateo Usui Katsukiyo Marukawa Shigeta Hara Toshihiro Tanaka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):80-89
A simple, low-cost method for suppression of dioxins/furans (hereinafter referred to as dioxins) is required because many
middle- and, especially, small-scale incinerators have fallen into disuse or have been dismantled because of the high running
and system costs of measures for the suppression of dioxins. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop a
simple removal method for dioxins from combustion gas and to evaluate the basic removal rate of dioxins. The removal method
for suspended matter in a gas mixture (cold model) and dioxins in exhaust gases (hot model) has been investigated by means
of gas injection into water, the mechanism of which is that the suspended matter in the gas gathers at the gas–liquid interface.
In the cold model, the removal ratio of fine particles (RP) by gas injection into water was reproduced well by the following equation: RP (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · SS · tC)}, where SS (cm2/cm3) is the specific surface area of bubbles and tC (s) is the residence time of bubbles in water. The removal ratio of fine particles increased as the product Ss · tC increased. In a hot model using the exhaust gas from combustion experiments of polyvinyl chloride, the removal ratio of dioxins
(RD) by injecting the exhaust gas into water was estimated by the following equation: RD (%) = 100 × {1−exp(−0.8 · SS · tC · CD0
0.07)}, where CD0 [ng/cm3 (at standard temperature and pressure)] is the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas before injection into water. RD depends greatly on the specific surface area of bubbles and the residence time of the bubbles in water, and only weakly on
the dioxins concentration in the exhaust gas. Injection of the exhaust gas into water has been shown to be effective and was
evaluated as a simple method for the removal of dioxins from exhaust gas. 相似文献
3.
Shin-ichi Sakai Takahiro Ukai Hiroshi Takatsuki Kazuo Nakamura Sayuri Kinoshita Takumi Takasuga 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》1999,1(1):62-74
Previous reports have focused on the emission of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) which have a toxic mechanism
similar to that of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs) released from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. Such emissions
accounted for a small percentage of all the dioxins (PCDDs/DFs and Co-PCBs) recorded at the toxicity equivalent (TEQ) level.
There is, however, very little information about Co-PCBs, such as the quantities being released and their effect on overall
environmental pollution. The aim of this research has been to clarify the substance flow of Co-PCBs from MSW incineration
processes. The results reveal that whereas the input of Co-PCBs into the MSW incineration facilities in Kyoto City was 0.13–0.29 μg-TEQ
per ton waste, the total output of Co-PCBs (the sum of Co-PCBs released from emission gas, fly ash, and bottom ash) was 4.9 μg-TEQ
per ton waste. The total output was therefore found to be higher than the total input. Over 90% of the total PCBs were decomposed
in the incineration process. In comparing the profiles of congeners and homologues, those in the MSW were found to be similar
to those detected in the atmosphere and products containing PCBs, but different from those in the MSW incineration gas.
Received: August 26, 1998 / Accepted: March 2, 1999 相似文献
4.
Masahiro Shimada Takahiko Iida Kensuke Kawarada Yoshifumi Chiba Toshihiro Mamoto Takayuki Okayama 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2000,2(2):100-108
In an earlier report, we presented a method for preparing activated carbon from waste newspaper as a way to recycle used paper
for a purpose other than producing raw material for paper-making. In this article, we consider the porous structure of the
activated carbon that affects its adsorption properties for various substances. The specific surface area of activated carbon
prepared from waste newspaper was 838 m2/g, the micropore volume was 0.368 ml/g, and the mesopore volume was 0.138 ml/g, which is about the same as commercially available
activated carbon. The activated carbon prepared from waste newspaper usually has a high content of ash, which makes little
contribution to the adsorption properties. In particular, as compared with reagent-activated carbon, the quantities of mesopores
with a pore radius of 3–25 nm and macropores with a pore radius of 25–250 nm were 8 and 14 times larger, respectively. Activated
carbon prepared from waste newspaper has a well-developed porous structure, particularly in the mesopore and macropore ranges.
Received: July 12, 1999 / Accepted: March 8, 2000 相似文献
5.
Hongyu Huang Noriyuki Kobayashi Miwa Sakata Yuko Suzuki Fujio Watanabe Masanobu Hasatani Kiyoshi Matsuyama Shigenori Yoshida Yoshihito Mitsuhara 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(2):182-187
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues from the sodium dispersion (SD) process were employed as the raw materials for the
production of activated carbon using KOH activation. The pore properties, such as the specific surface area and pore size
distribution, were characterized using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method and the Horvath–Kawazoe method based on the N2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K. The activated carbon produced showed similar adsorption capacities and specific surface areas
to the commercially available product. The effects of the activation conditions on the porosity of the activated carbon produced
were studied. The most significant factor affecting the specific surface proved to be the activation temperature. The activated
carbon produced from PCB residues from the high-temperature (423–443 K) SD process had a binary pore size distribution well
developed in the 4 nm region and in the micropore region. The pore structure of the carbon produced from PCB residues from
the low-temperature (333–393 K) SD process had a wide range of micropores and mesopores. 相似文献
6.
Shun'ichi Honda Naoyuki Miyata Keisuke Iwahori 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(1):46-50
In our previous work, the primary sludge from wastewater treatment plants was shown to contain a considerable amount of cellulose
(about 20%, based on suspended solids) owing to the discharge of toilet paper. For the purpose of using the cellulose as a
biomass resource, this study examined a simple method for its recovery. When fibrous cellulose was suspended in 0.3% sulfuric
acid and autoclaved at 130°C for 60 min, 85%–88% of the initial solids remained without dissolving. Under these conditions,
an activated sludge sample not containing cellulose was strongly hydrolyzed and only 7% of the initial solids remained. The
prescribed amounts of cellulose added to the activated sludge sample were quantitatively recovered by the autoclaving treatment.
In the treatment of primary sludge containing >20% cellulose, residual solids with relatively high levels of cellulose (>69%)
could be obtained. The results indicate that the method proposed here could recover cellulose practically from waste sewage
sludge for biomass utilization.
Received: July 17, 2000 / Accepted: July 4, 2001 相似文献
7.
Yukio Noma Sayuri Yamane Akiko Kida 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):126-134
Adsorbable organic halides (AOX) and AOX formation potential (AOXFP) were investigated in 46 landfill lea-chates as potentially
toxic parameters. AOX in landfill leachate was within the range <10–2200 μg Cl/l, and AOXFP was within 51–15 000 μg Cl/l.
AOX and AOXFP correlated with chemical oxygen demand (COD). AOX discharge from closed landfills was generally lower than that
from operating landfills. The molar ratio of AOXFP/total organic carbon (TOC) suggested that organic compounds in a leachate
have a double bond every 15–190 carbons under the supposition that one chlorine would add to one double bond. The five landfills
discharging high-level AOXFP (>4000 μg Cl/l) were all landfills where sludge had been dumped. The removal efficiencies of
three parameters through leachate treatment processes were as follows: polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/dibenzo-furans (PCDDs/DFs)
> TOC > AOX. PCDDs/DFs were substantially removed at p.p.t. levels, while AOX was hardly removed at relatively low levels.
Received: February 14, 2000 / Accepted: January 9, 2001 相似文献
8.
Masaru Watanabe Shuhei Sawamoto Tadafumi Adschiri Kunio Arai 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):99-102
This paper gives the results of partial oxidation experiments of polyethylene (PE) in supercritical water (SCW). The experiments
were carried out at a reaction temperature of 693K and a reaction time of 30 min using 6 cm3 of a batch-type reactor. The loaded sample weight was 0.3 g and there was 2.52 g water (0.42 g/cm3). The ratio of oxygen atoms to carbon atoms was 0.3. The results show a significant CO formation in O2–SCW, and the 1-alkene/n-alkane ratio in partial oxidation was higher than that in SCW pyrolysis. These results suggest the possibility of the hydrogenation
of hydrocarbon through partial oxidation followed by a water–gas shift reaction.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 28, 2000 相似文献
9.
Yasunori Kawagoshi Isao Fukunaga Hisao Itoh 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》1999,1(1):53-61
Organophosphoric acid triester (OPE) concentration levels in water and bottom sediment at the Osaka North Port Sea-Based Solid
Waste Disposal Site were investigated, and the behavior of OPEs in the water environment of the waste disposal site was examined.
The more highly water-soluble OPEs were frequently detected in raw water. Of the OPEs detected, TCEP and TCPP showed very
high concentrations (1.0–90 μg/l), followed by TEP (0.3–10 μg/l) > TBXP (0.8–6.3 μg/l) > TDCPP (0.6–6.2 μg/l) > TBP (0.2–1.5 μg/l)
> TPP (<0.1 μg/l). Most OPEs detected in water were eluted from the disposal waste to the water phase immediately and behaved
as dissolved forms with no distribution in suspended solids (SS). On the other hand, the less water-soluble OPEs, such as
TCP or TEHP, were detected in bottom sediment but hardly at all in water samples. All OPEs were detected at the waste disposal
site, within which their concentration levels were uniform. It appeared that the less water-soluble OPEs were present as SS-associated
forms and behaved in line with the floating surface sludge at the bottom.
Received: July 6, 1998 / Accepted: February 25, 1999 相似文献
10.
Naoko Yamano Atsuyoshi Nakayama Norioki Kawasaki Noboru Yamamoto Seiichi Aiba 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2008,16(2):141-146
We identified a biodegrading microorganism of polyamide (nylon) 4, a linear polymer of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). From activated
sludge, the biodegrading bacteria strains of Pseudomonas sp. were isolated and identified by their taxonomic characteristics and nucleotide sequences of 16S rDNA. One strain, ND-11,
was grown on a minimal medium containing polyamide 4 (PA4) as the sole carbon source. The strain produced GABA as a degradation
intermediate, as identified by analyzing the NMR spectra of degraded products. The culture supernatant of strain ND-11 degraded
the emulsified PA4 completely within one day. These results suggest that the ND-11 strain degraded PA4 using its extracellular
enzymes to hydrolyze amide bonds. 相似文献
11.
N. Watanabe N. Tanikawa T. Oikawa S. Inoue J. Fukuyama 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(1):0069-0076
A method of determining the chlorine (Cl) and sulfur (S) in municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied. The quartz furnace method
was improved in two ways: recovery from ash by hot extraction with dilute nitric acid, and avoidance of the volatilization
of alkali (earth) metal chlorides by setting the sample combustion temperature at 600°C. In a comparison with the bomb method,
using nine sets of kitchen garbage and waste plastics, the bomb method yielded a 15%–25% lower value than the improved quartz
furnace method. Combustion in the bomb was frequently incomplete, resulting in recovery losses of Cl and S. The average kitchen
garbage involved 5.2 mg Cl/g, of which at least 24.1% would be converted to HCl. Plastics contained 23 mg Cl/g generating
88.1% HCl on average. In the same way, kitchen garbage contained 3.0 mg S/g, generating 52.3% SO
x
, whereas plastics contained 1.1 mg S/g with 55.1% SO
x
formation.
Received: March 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 13, 2002 相似文献
12.
K. Nakamiya T. Furuichi K. Ishii 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(1):0063-0068
The optimal soil-washing conditions for dioxins were estimated on a soil sample from the circumference of an incinerator
in Nose City, Osaka, Japan. The solvents ethanol, methanol, and acetone, together with a surfactant (100% of each) could extract
40% of the dioxins from contaminated soil at room temperature. From among these solvents, ethanol was chosen for a study on
how to optimize the extraction conditions because of its low toxicity and its economic advantages. The time-course of the
agitation showed that the extraction rate increased for 1 min, and thereafter the rate decreased. Therefore, the agitation
time was fixed at 1 min. To estimate the effect of temperature on the extraction rate, the extraction temperature was changed.
The amount of dioxins extracted was largest at the boiling point of ethanol (78.3°C), giving about 76% extraction. Furthermore,
at this temperature, almost 100% of the dioxins in the contaminated soil were extracted when the ratio of water to ethanol
was 20%.
Received: March 6, 2002 / Accepted: September 9, 2002 相似文献
13.
Masahiro Shimada Takahiko Iida Kensuke Kawarada Takayuki Okayama Masami Fushitani 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):135-143
We have already reported the adsorptivity and pore structure of activated carbon made from waste newspaper in order to use
the waste paper for purposes other than paper-making stock. However, manufacturing the activated carbon may not necessarily
be an advantageous method based on environmental concerns and the effective use of the resource because the reaction during
the activating process is endothermic and the amount of carbon consumed is significant. Here, we examine the pore structure
and adsorption properties of waste newspaper used as an adsorbent in the form of a carbonized material. Waste newspaper was
carbonized for 2 h in the temperature range 400°–1000°C. The specific surface area of the carbonized material obtained, 418 m2/g, was highest for the sample carbonized at 800°C, which was equal to or greater than that of commercially available charcoal.
Moreover, the iodine adsorption number of 581 mg/g was the highest and the rate of adsorption was the fastest for the sample
carbonized at 800°C. However, the humidity control capability was highest for the material carbonized at 600°–700°C. It has
been determined that it is advantageous to carbonize waste paper at 800°C in order to use the carbonized material as an adsorbent,
while carbonization at 600°–700°C is more advantageous for use as a humidity control material.
Received: June 23, 2000 / Accepted: January 17, 2001 相似文献
14.
PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> and Ultrafine Particles Counts In-Vehicle and On-Road in the Athens Area
E. Diapouli G. Grivas A. Chaloulakou N. Spyrellis 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(1):89-97
This work presents the first results of a study concerning on-road and in-vehicle exposure to particulate matter in the area
of Athens. PM10 concentration measurements were conducted by TSI DustTrak, while driving along routes with different characteristics of traffic
density, during September 2003–March 2004. Concurrent measurements of the ultrafine particles (UFPs) number concentration
were also conducted, by condensation particle counter during part of the days. Pedestrian exposure to PM10 and UFPs was also studied through stationary measurements on the kerbside of selected roads on November 2003 and February
2004. A major avenue, a heavy-trafficked road across a children hospital and two central roads, one in a residential and one
in a commercial area were selected for measurement. The results indicate that every day commuters are exposed to significant
concentration levels. Higher exposures were observed in heavy-trafficked areas and during rush hours. Mean PM10 in-vehicle and on-road concentrations ranged from 30–320 μg/m3 and 70–285 μg/m3, respectively. The ultrafine particles number concentrations were in the range of 5.0 × 104–17.3 × 104 particles/cm3 in-vehicle and 3.1 × 104–7.3 × 104 particles/cm3 on the kerbside of a central residential road. Both PM10 and UFPs concentrations presented repeated short-term peak exposures. The results clearly point out the importance of the
road microenvironment (in-vehicle and on kerbside) for population exposure in urban areas. 相似文献
15.
Environmental contamination from electronic waste recycling at Guiyu, southeast China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Anna Leung Zong Wei Cai Ming Hung Wong 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2006,8(1):21-33
The disposal, recycling, and part salvaging of discarded electronic devices such as computers, printers, televisions, and
toys are now creating a new set of waste problems. This study is aimed at identifying the sources and quantifying the pollution
levels generated from electronic waste (e-waste) activities at Guiyu, Guangdong Province, China, and their potential impacts
on the environment and human health. The preliminary results indicate that total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in
soil obtained from a printer roller dump site was 593 μg/kg dry weight (dry wt.) and in sediment from a duck pond, the PAH
concentration was 514 μg/kg (dry wt.). Sediment from the Lianjiang River was found to be contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls
(743 μg/kg) at a level approaching three times the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines probable effect level of 277 μg/kg.
Total mono- to hepta-brominated diphenyl ether homologue concentrations (1140 and 1169 μg/kg dry wt.) in soils near dumping
sites were approximately 10–60 times those reported for other polybrominated diphenyl ether-contaminated locations in the
world. In-house study on the open burning of cable wires showed extremely high levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans resulting in 12419 ng toxic equivalents (TEQ)/kg of waste input and 15 610 ng TEQ/kg for two separate
tests, respectively, which were about three orders of magnitude higher than those for the open burning of household waste.
High levels of Cu (712, 528, and 496 mg/kg), exceeding the new Dutch list action value, were determined for soil near the
printer roller dumping area, sediment from Lianjiang River, and soil from a plastic burn site, respectively. A more thorough
study is underway to elucidate the extent of contamination of toxic pollutants in different ecological compartments to establish
whether these pollutants are bioaccumulated and biomagnified through food chains. Assessments of human health impacts from
oral intake, inhalation, and dermal contact will be subsequently investigated.
An erratum to this article is available at. 相似文献
16.
Kotaro Minomo Nobutoshi Ohtsuka Kiyoshi Nojiri Yasundo Kurata Masafumi Karaushi Yugo Isobe 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(1):73-81
In this study, we propose an analytical method to determine the fourteen of azaarenes present in flue gas samples collected
according to Japanese Industrial Standard K 0311, which designates the method for the determination of dioxins in flue gas.
Azaarenes can be analyzed using the acidic water phase after shaking extraction with dichloromethane, which is unnecessary
for dioxin analysis. Flue gas samples were obtained from 24 waste incinerators in Japan, and azaarenes were detected in all
the flue gas samples (0.21–3800 μg/m3
N). The most abundant of the detected compounds were quinoline and isoquinoline. The concentration of azaarenes had a tendency
to increase with that of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. The isomer distribution of heptachloro-dibenzofurans (HpCDFs) was calculated using the computed
Gibbs energy of formation (ΔG
f
) obtained by the semiempirical molecular orbital method at various temperatures. The calculated isomer distribution was fitted
to the measured value of HpCDFs. It seems that the temperature obtained from the fitting calculations is an indicator of the
cooling capacity of the combustion gas in an incinerator. The computed ΔG
f
also explained the measured isomer distributions of azaarenes. It is suggested that the isomer distribution of azaarenes
in the combustion process is thermodynamically controlled.
This work was presented in part at the International Conference on Combustion, Incineration/Pyrolysis, and Emission Control,
2006, Kyoto 相似文献
17.
Acidic bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the use of controlled bio-acidification prior to land application as a
decontamination process to remove heavy metals from sludge. The sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were naturally available in the
sludge samples and were activated by providing sulfur and aeration at 28°C–30°C. Activation resulted in bio-acidification
to pH 2 within 5–11 days. Successive inoculation of fresh sludges with 5% acidified samples reduced the acidification time
to 2–3 days in most samples. Bio-acidification resulted in dissolving significant quantities of heavy metals from all sludge
types tested. The maximum solubilization results were: 86%–97% for Ni; 48%–98% for Pb; 26%–71% for Cr; 18%–91% for Zn; 16%–90%
for Cu; 7%–60% for Cd. Limited metal solubilization results were observed in the various control samples that accompanied
the bio-acidified samples. The leaching results in the control samples were limited to 2%–19% for Ni, 0%–7% for Pb, 0%–5%
for Cr, 0.3%–4% for Zn, 0.2%–4% for Cu and 0%–3% for Cd. The results confirmed that Ni and Pb were the easiest metals to dissolve
from the various sludge types. On the other hand, the lowest solubilization results were observed for Cu and Cd, and moderate
solubilization results were achieved for Cr. The bio-acidification process resulted in moderate gains in terms of improving
the suitability of tested sludges for land application.
Received: April 19, 1999 / Accepted: November 4, 1999 相似文献
18.
Pierre Sicard Patrice Coddeville Stéphane Sauvage Jean-Claude Galloo 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):49-58
The long-term monitoring of precipitation and its chemical composition are important for identifying trends in rain quality
and for assessing the effectiveness of pollution control strategies. A statistical test has been used to the atmospheric concentrations
measured in the French rural monitoring network (MERA) in order to bring out spatio-temporal trends in precipitation quality
in France over the period 1990–2003. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall test which has been developed for detecting and estimating
monotonic trends in the time series was used and applied in our study at annual values of wet-only precipitation concentrations.
The emission data suggest that SO2 and NO
x
emissions decreased (−3.3 and −2.0% year−1, respectively) contrary to NH3 emissions that increased slightly (+0.2% year−1) over the period 1990–2002 in France. On the national scale, the pH values have a significant decreasing trend of −0.025 ± 0.02
unit pH year−1. and concentrations in precipitation have a significant decreasing trend, −3.0 ± 1.6 and −3.3 ± 0.6% year−1, respectively, corresponding with the downward trends in SO2 emissions in France (−3.3% year−1). A good correlation (R
2 = 0.84) between SO2 emissions and concentrations was obtained. The decreasing trend of was more significant (−5.4 ± 5.2% year−1) than that of (−1.3 ± 2.4% year−1). Globally, the concentration of the major ions showed a clear downward trend including marine and alkaline ions. In addition,
the relative contribution of HNO3 to acidity precipitation increased by 51% over the studied period. 相似文献
19.
Determination of nitrous oxide, methane, and ammonia emissions from a swine waste composting process 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Takashi Osada Kazutaka Kuroda Michihiro Yonaga 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2000,2(1):51-56
The amounts of harmful gas emissions from the process of composting swine waste were determined using an experimental composting
apparatus. Forced aeration (19.2–96.1 l/m3/min) was carried out continuously, and exhaust gases were collected and analyzed periodically. With weekly turning and the
addition of a bulking agent in order to decrease the moisture content and increase air permeability, the temperature of most
of the contents rose to 70°C and composting was complete within 3–5 weeks. NH3, CH4, and N2O emissions were high in the early stage of composting. About 10%–25% of the nitrogen in the raw material was lost as NH3 gas during composting. The emission rate of NH3 mainly depended on the aeration rate, so that as the aeration rate rose, the level of NH3 emissions increased. The CH4 and N2O emissions could be kept lower with adequate treatment at more than 40 l/m3/min aeration. N2O may be mainly the result of the denitrification of NO
x
-N in the additional matured compost used as a composting accelerator.
Received: September 11, 1998 / Accepted: November 8, 1999 相似文献
20.
Tadeusz Spychaj Ewa Fabrycy Stanislawa Spychaj Michal Kacperski 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(1):24-31
This paper describes the chemical degradation of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with polyamines or triethanolamine,
the characteristics of the products, and a search for ways to use these products. Solvolysis of the polymer ester bonds was
caused by diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, and their mixtures, as well as mixtures of triethylenetetramine and p-phenylenediamine or triethanolamine. Products of aminolysis or aminoglycolysis of PET obtained in reactions performed at
200–210°C (with a molar ratio of the recurrent polymer unit to amine of 1 : 2) have been characterized using nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR). Viscosity and hydroxyl number measurements have been done for PET/triethanolamine products. Substances from
aminolytical reactions with polyamines were tested as hardeners for liquid epoxy resins, and the product of polymer aminoglycolysis
with triethanolamine was tested as an epoxy resin hardener, e.g., for water-borne paints, and a polyol component for rigid
polyurethane foams. The compositions of epoxy resin hardeners have been characterized using DSC and rheometry. Comparative
analyses of the hardened epoxy materials have been done on the basis of glass temperature and mechanical properties data,
as well as some specific properties of the coating materials and rigid polyurethane foams.
Received: September 15, 2000 / Accepted: September 21, 2000 相似文献