膜生物反应器在废水脱氮除磷中的应用

介绍了两种膜生物反应器（MBR）脱氮除磷工艺：单一反应器间歇曝气MBR工艺和厌氧一好氧MBR工艺。总结了MBR脱氮除磷工艺的国内外研究进展、工艺特点及处理效果，重点探讨了MBR脱氮除磷工艺中同步硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化及反硝化除磷的机理，并指出了今后MBR脱氮除磷进一步研究的重点及方向。     

废水反硝化除磷技术研究进展

结合近年来国内外最新研究成果,综述了反硝化除磷机理及工艺.重点介绍了反硝化聚磷菌的微生物学特性和除磷特性,以及不同种类的反硝化除磷工艺,并对反硝化除磷技术进行了展望.     

活性污泥生物除磷数学模型研究进展

概述了活性污泥生物除磷过程的Comeau／Wentzel模式和Mino模式，以及以Wentzel和Smolders为代表的两类生物除磷数学模型，提出结合Smolders模型与ASM2、ASM2D模型的优点建立结构完整、参数较少、辨识简单的模型，是生物除磷数学模型发展的方向。     

污水除磷技术的研究与进展

详细介绍了污水除磷的迫切性及传统的污水除磷工艺原理与特点，阐述了污水除磷技术的最新发展动向。     

钢渣净化水中磷素的研究进展

在对国内外钢渣除磷研究现状进行总结的基础上，介绍了铜渣的组成及其物理、化学性质，并进一步阐述了其在除磷过程中涉及到的反应机理，提出了钢渣应用于含磷废水处理时存在的问题及今后的研究发展方向。     

用改性海泡石处理含磷废水

以海泡石为原料,经盐酸活化、水热活化,再加入氯化镁、氯化铁复合制得除磷剂原粉;再用聚氯乙烯将除磷剂原粉黏合成粒状除磷剂。用粒状除磷剂对废水中的磷（PO4^3-）进行吸附、洗脱,考察除磷剂的循环使用性能。实验结果表明：除磷剂对废水中磷的吸附容量可达92m g/g以上;以碳酸钠为洗脱剂,磷的洗脱率可达90%以上;除磷剂可重复使用,且性能优良。     

高炉渣吸附除磷研究

针对生物除磷不稳定,化学除磷泥量大,成本高的弱点,从除磷吸附剂角度,研究了炼铁厂高炉渣去除磷酸盐的性能.通过对高炉渣活化以及高炉渣滤床的试验,结果表明,高炉渣中存在能与磷酸根生成沉淀的铁、钙等离子或其络合物,高炉渣细小多孔性构造又能吸附此类沉淀物,因此高炉渣对磷酸根有较高的沉淀吸附功能.     

气升式环流生物反应器处理废水厌氧过程研究

采用气升式环流生物反应器处理模拟废水。周期性通入空气和氮气来实现厌氧一好氧交替过程。对厌氧一好氧过程和普通好氧过程进行了对比,研究了厌氧处理时间和曝气速率对生物除磷效果的影响。结果表明,厌氧过程可以显著地增强生物除磷效果,与普通好氧过程相比,在进水总磷质量浓度为10mg／L时,磷的去除率可以提高30％,而COD的去除基本不受影响;适当延长厌氧处理时间和适当增大厌氧过程曝气速率可以改善厌氧环境及活性污泥性能,提高磷的去除率。     

化学法去除循环水排污水中的磷

研究了聚合氯化铝、硫酸铁、氯化铁及生石灰等除磷剂对循环水排污水的除磷效果,考察了反应温度、反应时间、污水p H和除磷剂投加方式对除磷效果的影响。实验结果表明:聚合氯化铝和硫酸铁的除磷效率相当,其次是氯化铁,生石灰的除磷效率最低;最终选用聚合氯化铝作为除磷剂,对循环水排污水进行除磷处理时无需调节其p H,反应可在室温下进行,反应时间需大于300 s;聚合氯化铝最佳投加量为40 mg/L,二次性投加聚合氯化铝的除磷效果明显好于一次性投加;二次性投加出水TP为0.37 mg/L。     

污水除磷技术的现状及发展趋势

随着水体磷污染的日益加剧和排放标准的进一步严格化,研究开发经济、高效的污水除磷技术已成为当今污染控制工程领域的研究重点和热点.在分析、评价污水除磷技术现状的基础上探讨了它的发展趋势.     

Note From the Publisher and the Editor-in-Chief

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution: Focus -     

Adapting the Speciation of the VOCs Emission Inventory in the Greater Athens Area

An adaptation procedure of a new emission inventory of theGreater Athens Area is attempted, based on a sensitivityanalysis on the treatment of the VOC emissions. Throughthis procedure the impact that a more detailed treatment ofthe VOCs emissions might have on the atmospheric chemistrysimulations, is examined. For this analysis three differentchemical mechanisms were applied for two differentlocations (urban and city plume) with different VOC andNO_x mixture characteristics. Finally, this studyrecommends new carbon fractions, reflecting the localconditions in Athens basin.     

落实工作任务 推进农业再生资源利用工作

农业再生资源是再生资源的一个特殊而重要的组成部分,开展农业再生资源回收利用是再生资源产业向新领域的拓展,是助农增收、为"三农"服务的有效途径,是事关新农村建设的重要课题。本刊根据2009年12月18日中再生协会农业再生资源利用专业委员会成立大会暨2009年海峡两岸农业再生资源综合利用研讨会上的相关资料,刊发一组领导讲话,以使读者了解和认识实施农业再生资源回收利用的现实背景和重大意义。     

Oil Spill Modeling towards the Close of the 20th Century: Overview of the State of the Art

The state-of-the-art in oil spill modeling is summarized, focusing primarily on the years from 1990 to the present. All models seek to describe the key physical and chemical processes that transport and weather the oil on and in the sea. Current insights into the mechanisms of these processes and the availability of algorithms for describing and predicting process rates are discussed. Advances are noted in the areas of advection, spreading, evaporation, dispersion, emulsification, and interactions with ice and shorelines. Knowledge of the relationship between oil properties, and oil weathering and fate, and the development of models for the evaluation of oil spill response strategies are summarized. Specific models are used as examples where appropriate. Future directions in these and other areas are indicated     

On the Methods for the Delimitation of Seasons

It is well known that air pollution is one of the major factors affecting human health and the activities in a town. Among the various air pollutants an interesting one, especially for sunny climates, is the reactive O₃. O₃ varies significantly through the year; it is therefore very important to know the onset and the duration of the warm period of the year since at that time O₃ concentrations increase significantly. In this work, an attempt was made to determine the onset of warm season of the year as well as its duration in various sites located in Northeastern Mediterranean. For this purpose, a fuzzy clustering method is used. The method was applied on the isobaric thickness between 1000 and 500 hPa for the period from 1974 to 1997. The results were compared to conventional methods based on synoptic classification and were found to be in good agreement.     

欧盟包装废物管理和总体产生特性分析

欧盟旱在1994年就颁布了包装和包装废物的指令，提出了包装废物管理的目标和管理内容，要求各成员国采取积极的经济和法律措施，建立自由流通的公平市场秩序。通过研究评估表明，包装和包装废物指令的实施产生了多方面的积极影响。统计数据表明，历年包装废物回收总量平稳增加，处置量平稳下降，单位GDP产值产生包装废物的系数基本保持稳定，但各国包装废物人均产生量存在较大差异。     

Comparative Thermodynamic Study on the Contribution of the Autocondensation and Copolymerization Reactions for the Tannins of the Subspecies of Acacia nilotica

Autocondensation and copolymerization reactions of the Acacia nilotica subspecies tomentosa (Ant) and the subspecies adansonii (Ana) tannins extracts solutions have been studied at several pH values by thermomechanical analyzer. Results of chemical analysis of these tannins revealed that the studied tannins, Ant and Ana contained high percentages of extractable tannins (54 and 57 %) for and polyphenolic materials (78 and 80 %) respectively. Different hardeners such as paraformaldehyde, Urea and pMDI were added at different ratios and their polycondensation reactions was studied and compared with their autocondensation ones. The aim was to evaluate the tannins suitability for the production of commercially and technically viable tannin adhesives with reduced Formaldehyde emission for wood products and to study the interference between the autocondensation and the copolymerization reaction. The obtained results of autocondensation reaction for both of the tannins studied showed that the best Young’s modulus values for Ant (3,500 and 2,750 MPa) and Ana (2,650 and 2,620 MPa) were obtained at pH 5 and 7. The Young’s modulus values obtained by the tannins Ant were higher than those achieved by Ana. This indicates that the Ant is more reactive than Ana. These results were also in line with results achieved by the gel time for both of the tannins. Gel time results indicate that the reactivity of both tannins increased towards alkalinity with Ana being more reactive at alkaline pH. Addition of 8 % of paraformaldehyde was adversely affecting the autocondensation reactions, as the best Young’s modulus values were achieved at pH 4 for Ant tannins. As for Ana the higher Young’s modulus values (2,000 and 2,310 MPa) were achieved at pH 5 and 7. This indicates that autocondensation reaction was contributed to the final network of the copolymerization reaction. When smaller ratio of paraformaldehyde and Urea (5 %) was added to Ant tannins it favors the autocondensation reaction and the best Young’s modulus values were obtained at pH 5 and 7. Addition of pMDI (10–30 %) was found to decrease the temperature of copolymerization and the obtained Young’s modulus values by Ant were lower than those obtained by autocodensation reaction. Best Young’ modulus values were obtained by Ant at pH 5 and 7. Ana gave the best Young’s modulus values at pH 4 and 5 indicating that the autocondensation appears to depress the copolymerization reactions. The obtained results by both reactions were very important from technical and economical point of view as they concluded that it is very possible to produce adhesives system with zero emission depending on the tannins autocondensation reaction and pH values. Reduction of formaldehyde emission was also possible upon addition of smaller amount of paraformaldehyde and Urea.     

日本包装废物管理体系和产生特性分析

介绍了日本的资源循环法律体系和促进容器包装分类回收和再商品化的法律和有关方针，介绍了日本容器和包装的管理体制和主要措施，以及各类包装废物回收利用状况和特点。