基于自然暴露试验的乘用车耐候性研究

在我国海南琼海典型湿热大气环境下对自主品牌和国外合资品牌乘用车进行了长期自然暴露试验。基于自然暴露试验结果,论述了我国乘用车服役环境,总结了我国乘用车主要存在的耐候性失效,以及与国外合资品牌乘用车耐候性技术的差距,并对我国乘用车耐候性研究发展提出了一些建议。     

柜门多孔空心硅橡胶密封条防护特性研究

针对多孔闭孔型发泡硅橡胶D型空心密封条的超弹性特性,通过试验找出了密封条回弹力与压缩量之间的关系,提出了密封条满足IPX5的判别方程式,同时对方程式进行了试验验证,最后对密封条进行了阿累尼乌斯图寿命推算,为变流器柜门IP防护设计提供了重要参考。     

电气柜疲劳强度校核及结构优化

针对多孔闭孔型发泡硅橡胶D型空心密封条的超弹性特性,通过试验找出了密封条回弹力与压缩量之间的关系,提出了密封条满足IP X5的判别方程式,同时对方程式进行了试验验证,最后对密封条进行了阿累尼乌斯图寿命推算,为变流器柜门IP防护设计提供了重要参考。     

车内空气质量问题的分析与研究

本文对W汽车公司乘用车车内异味问题进行研究,对问题比较集中的A(高配、低配)车型进行整车VOC测试、零部件VOC测试和空调异味研究试验,研究发现车内乙醛超标主要是地毯及门窗密封条引起的,乙苯及二甲苯超标则是顶棚引起的;空调异味则是蒸发器芯体产生的冻结臭。本文为车内空气质量的评测与改善提供研究方法,为整改此品牌车内空气质量提供可靠的研究数据。     

高分子材料耐候性试验测试方法概述及评价指标的选择

高分子材料耐候性试验测试及其评价一直是材料科学与工程方面的一个重要研究课题,本文主要介绍当前高分子材料耐候性测试中常用的几种方法,并比较这些耐候性试验方法的优缺点;同时介绍进行高分子材料耐候性试验时性能变化评价指标和终止指标的选择.     

文摘

日本耐候性试验中心是以户外暴露试验为主要业务的社会机构,1970年建立,开始实际业务至今已经过了二十年。其主要业务是在铫子暴露试验场进行的。铫子暴露试验场不仅进行户外暴露试验,还进行各种加速老化试验以及暴露后的物性测定等产官学界委托的有关耐候性试验的一切业务。二十年来,对耐候性试验的认识不断深化,要求高且内容多样化。为了适应这些要求,该财团除了不断更新设备外,还在1991年10月开设从宫古岛上野村购入约30000m~2土地上的暴露试验场。宫古岛位于日本的最南端,纬度与美国的迈亚密暴露场相同,都属于海洋性亚热带气候,在该地区建立代表亚热带气候区的标准暴露试验场,对今后的耐候性试验将会作出更大的贡献。     

文摘

文摘▲《加速老化试验方法的现状与将来》———《工业涂装》１９９６，Ｎｏ．１３８，５７－６５（日）：进行耐候性试验时，由于光源不同，有各种各样的耐候性试验设备。本文介绍碳弧灯、紫外线碳弧灯、阳光型碳弧灯、氙弧灯等为光源的耐候性试验设备的特征、试验方法，...     

非金属材料的氙灯曝露试验概述

氙灯曝露试验是非金属材料的耐候性和耐光性测试的主要方法之一,本文着重介绍了氙灯曝露试验的原理、试验条件在当前的氙灯曝露试验设备上的物理实现、主要的氙灯试验标准以及氙灯曝露试验应考虑的因素.     

汽车产品在我国典型干热环境下的自然暴露试验研究

对吐鲁番地区的干热特殊气候环境特征进行了分析,并开展部分样品在吐鲁番地区的自然暴露试验,研究其变化趋势,为进一步应用吐鲁番干热自然暴露试验场开展产品干热环境耐候性试验提供依据。     

整车大气暴露试验失效分析的运用

分析整车耐候性试验现象,指出其影响因素;运用整车失效分析,对比不同整车暴露后试验结果,可从宏观上分析出失效影响因素。     

汽车气候老化主要环境影响因素分析

随着我国汽车产业的快速发展,人们对汽车品质的要求越来越高,汽车的气候老化问题也越来越受到关注,本文从汽车整车自然暴露试验展开研究,针对汽车气候老化主要环境影响因素——太阳光辐射、温度和湿度进行分析,为真实模拟人工老化试验技术提供基础依据,为选择合适的汽车气候老化试验方法提供技术参考.     

汽车用材料耐久性试验评价技术

分析概述环境条件和环境因素对汽车用的塑料、涂装等材料的影响和国内的现状，介绍国内外有关的评价试验方法和标准及试验技术，对国内提高汽车用材料的耐候性和耐久性水平提出探讨性建议意见。     

争取发展汽车产业与加强环保"双赢"结局浅析

汽车工业的发展可以带动整个国民经济的发展,但如何解决环境问题是发展汽车产业的关键。我国在发展汽车产业的同时,必须采取系统措施,控制机动车排放污染,把发展汽车产业、城市建设和治理环境污染,作为城市经济发展的主体进行整体规划。     

汽车尾气污染控制方法探讨

介绍了汽车尾气污染成分及危害，从技术和国家政策两方面论述了汽车尾气污染的控制方法，并提出了一些控制和治理措施。     

新疆油田抽汲排液污染控制研究

抽汲排液存在抽汲设备和工具密封性差,对井场环境污染比较严重的问题,为解决抽汲排液对井场造成的污染,分别对抽汲钢丝绳的选择、试油井口防喷盒的密封以及试油抽汲作业规程及其它方面作了研究和应用,使抽汲排液对井场造成的污染得到了较好控制,符合新疆油田创建"绿色油气田"的要求。     

Measures of the EU Agri-Environmental Protection Scheme (GAEPS) and their impacts on the visual acceptability of Finnish agricultural landscapes

As a member of the European Union, Finland has committed itself to creating an environmental policy for agriculture. The aims of this study were to evaluate visual impacts of the General Agri-Environmental Protection Scheme (GAEPS) and Supplementary Protection Scheme (SPS) and general attitudes towards some activities in those policies and furthermore to examine the suitability of the method of Alho et al. (2001) for the scenic beauty assessment. The study areas consisted of three original, untreated, and 15 modified rural landscapes representing a variety of different activities. The scenic beauty of the landscapes was evaluated through pairwise comparisons of the responses of 68 people. Furthermore, attitudes towards environmental values, water protection, buffer strips and subsidies to agriculture were obtained. The respondents found the maintained buffer strips more pleasing than unmaintained strips and considered that the quality of watercourses was increased by buffer strips along them. A suitable width for the buffer strip along main ditches, brooks and waterways was regarded, on average, to be wider than the current recommendations. Although the opinions of farmers were basically in line with the existing recommendations, farmers' opininons on the second and third most important effects of buffer strips, an increase in weeds and a decrease in cultivated land, clearly differed from those of the other respondents. Afforestation, lack of building maintenance and abandoned fields were considered to be the most important factors impacting rural landscapes. This study indicates that the Finnish Agri-Environmental Protection Schemes have had positive impacts on the visual quality of landscapes. Attitudes towards other impacts are contradictory. This study also showed the improvement of the Alho et al. (2001) method in these kinds of studies relative to other methods of pairwise comparisons.     

Development of key performance measures for the automobile green supply chain

The main purpose of this study was to develop a set of measures for evaluating the performance of the automobile green supply chain. This study reviewed various literatures on green supply chain performance measurement, environmental management, traditional supply chain performance measurement, and automobile supply chain management. In order to comprehensively and effectively establish the relevant measures, a suitable framework which considered the automobile green supply chain as a two-in-one chain was adopted. This two-in-one chain comprised a forward and backward chain for the automobile industry. Consequently, 10 measures with 49 metrics and 6 measures with 23 metrics were identified and developed for the forward and backward chains, respectively. Sequel to the development of these measures, a survey was conducted using a four-page questionnaire distributed to experts (including academics and practitioners) to establish their importance and applicability. The findings of this study suggested that the importance and applicability of all the developed measures have been substantiated. For the forward chain, the most crucial measure was customer perspective while the most applicable one was traditional supply chain cost. The reverse chain measures were topped by management commitment in terms of both importance and applicability. This study contributed to the advancement of knowledge by pioneering the development of a set of holistic measures for evaluating the performance of the automobile green supply chain. The study was wrapped up with the proposition of directions for further studies.     

阻抗管法隔声量测试试样密封方法探究

阻抗管法法向入射隔声量测试过程中,试样与阻抗管间的密封方式是测量结果的一个重要的影响因素。介绍了阻抗管测量法向入射隔声量的方法,重点介绍在阻抗管中的试样安装和密封方法,通过实施4种不同的密封方法,得出密封效果的排序,对阻抗法测量隔声量的试验实施具有参考价值。     

Environmental concern, attitude toward frugality, and ease of behavior as determinants of pro-environmental behavior intentions

This study investigates relations between environmental concern, attitude toward frugality, perceived ease of behavior, and stated intentions to engage in four different types of pro-environmental behavior, i.e., reductions in electricity and gas use, garbage, and automobile use, using data from 341 Japanese respondents. Environmental concern, attitude toward frugality and perceived ease of implementation were considered possible determinants. A structural equation analysis indicated that perceived ease of implementation had effects for all of the pro-environmental behaviors. It also indicated that environmental concern had a positive effect solely for garbage reduction, while attitude toward frugality had positive effects for gas and electricity reduction. For automobile use reduction, neither environmental concern nor attitude toward frugality had significant effects. The relationship between attitude toward frugality and mottainai, that is a Japanese concept indicating respect for resources, is then discussed, and it is suggested that educating people to have not only a high level of environmental concern but also a positive attitude toward frugality would be an effective means of promoting pro-environmental behavior.     

Effects of winter manure application in Ohio on the quality of surface runoff

Winter application of manure poses environmental risks. Seven continuous corn, instrumented watersheds (approximately 1 ha each) at the USDA-ARS North Appalachian Experimental Watershed research station near Coshocton, Ohio were used to evaluate the environmental impacts of winter manure application when using some of the Ohio Natural Resources Conservation Service recommendations. For 3 yr on frozen, sometimes snow-covered, ground in January or February, two watersheds received turkey litter, two received liquid swine manure, and three were control plots that received N fertilizer at planting (not manure). Manure was applied at an N rate for corn; the target level was 180 kg N ha(-1) with a 30-m setback from the application area to the bottom of each watershed. Four grassed plots (61 x 12 m) were used for beef slurry application (9.1 Mg ha(-1) wet weight); two plots had 61 x 12 m grassed filter areas below them, and two plots had 30 x 12 m filter areas. There were two control plots. Nutrient concentrations were sometimes high, especially in runoff soon after application. However, most events with high concentrations occurred with low flow volumes; therefore, transport was minimal. Applying manure at the N rate for crop needs resulted in excess application of P. Elevated P losses contributed to a greater potential of detrimental environmental impacts with P than with N. Filter strips reduced nutrient concentrations and transport, but the data were too limited to compare the effectiveness of the 30- and 61-m filter strips. Winter application of manure is not ideal, but by following prescribed guidelines, detrimental environmental impacts can be reduced.