Performance of rotating drum biofilter for volatile organic compound removal at high organic loading rates

Uneven distribution of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） and biomass, and excess biomass accumulation in some biofilters hinder the application of biofiltration technology. An innovative multilayer rotating drum biofilter （RDB） was developed to correct these problems. The RDB was operated at an empty bed contact time （EBCT） of 30 s and a rotational rate of 1.0 r/min. Diethyl ether was chosen as the model VOC. Performance of the RDB was evaluated at organic loading rates of 32,1, 64.2, 128, and 256 g ether/（m^3·h） （16.06 g ether/（m^3·h） ≈ 1.0 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m^3·d））. The EBCT and organic loading rates were recorded on the basis of the medium volume. Results show that the ether removal efficiency decreased with an increased VOC loading rate. Ether removal efficiencies exceeding 99% were achieved without biomass control even at a high VOC loading rate of 128 g ether/（m^3·h）. However, when the VOC loading rate was increased to 256 g ether/（m^3·h）, the average removal efficiency dropped to 43%. Nutrient limitation possibly contributed to the drop in ether removal efficiency. High biomass accumulation rate was also observed in the medium at the two higher ether loading rates, and removal of the excess biomass in the media was necessary to maintain stable performance. This work showed that the RDB is effective in the removal of diethyl ether from waste gas streams even at high organic loading rates. The results might help establish criteria for designing and operating RDBs.     

Biodegradation of methanol vapor in a biofilter

IntroductionWithincreasingpublicconcernaboutdeterioratingatmosphericairquality ,stringentregulationsarebeingenforcedtocontrolaircontaminants .Volatileorganiccompounds (VOCs)areamongthenewclassofairpollutantsgeneratedfromavarietyofindustrialsources,whichareattractingseriousattentioninrecentyears.Methanolvaporsaremainlyemittedfromchemicalindustrieswheremethanolisusedasasolventandisalsoformedasaby product.Theglobalannualproductionofmethanolisapproaching 2 0millionmetrictonnesperyear(Shareefdeen…     

低温下间歇式生物过滤系统去除高负荷H2S的效能

以鸡粪堆肥和PE混合物为填料的生物过滤系统,在较低温度下进行生物去除H2S废气的性能研究.采用间歇式运行方式,当在较高气速条件下,即EBRT为39s、32s、24s和13s,入口浓度3000mg/m3时,去除率可分别达100%、100%、100%和65%.整个系统的入口负荷为812 g/(m3·h)时,去除负荷为528 g/(m3·h).且在较低的实验温度(9~16.5℃),入口浓度50~3000 mg/m3条件下,当EBRT为39s、32s、24s时,H2S的去除率为100%;当EBRT为13s时,去除率为62%~88%.结果表明,在较低温度下,高气速,高负荷条件下,间歇式生物过滤系统对H2S具有较高的去除性能.     

白腐真菌生物过滤塔处理氯苯气体的研究

以竹子为填料,构建新型的白腐真菌Phanerochaete chrysosporium生物过滤塔,考察该过滤塔在不同操作条件下对氯苯的去除性能.结果表明,白腐真菌生物过滤塔对氯苯表现出较好的去除效果,在进口浓度200～1 500 mg/m3,空塔停留时间122 s的条件下,最大去除率接近80%,平均去除率约50%.过滤塔的去除速率与进口负荷和去除率有关,在进口浓度500～1 500mg/m3,流量0.5 m3/h的条件下,最大去除速率可达94 g/(m3·h),平均去除速率为60 g/(m3·h).过滤塔去除速率对进口负荷变化的响应幅度与流量有关,在低流量条件下随进口负荷的变化率较大.过滤塔中氯苯浓度的沿程分布呈现出非线性下降的特征,造成这一现象的原因可能与过滤塔内生物量的分布情况有关.     

Performance of two biofilters with neutral and low pH treating off-gases

Two different functional biofilters were carried out and compared for the treatment of off-gas containing multicomponent odors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in this study. The effects of pH values and the empty bed retention time (EBRT) on the performance of the bioreactors were studied; and the characteristics of microbial populations in the two biofilters were also determined. The experimental results indicated that the removal effciencies of hydrophilic compounds such as butyric acid and ammonia ...     

微生物燃料电池表观内阻的构成和测量

将微生物燃料电池内部各种阻力用表观内阻统一表征,在建立其等效电路的基础上将表观内阻分为欧姆内阻和非欧姆内阻2部分.通过稳态放电法测量微生物燃料电池表观内阻,在改变外电阻后稳定时间需要60 s以上方能保证测定准确性,通过稳态放电法测定一室型微生物燃料电池的表观内阻为289 Ω,当外电阻等于表观内阻时微生物燃料电池对外输出功率达到最大,为241 mW/m²;通过电流中断法测量一室型微生物燃料电池的欧姆内阻为99 Ω,测定结果与断电前电流强度无关;当一室型微生物燃料电池对外供电分别处于活化极化区、欧姆极化区和浓差极化区时,非欧姆电阻占总内阻的比例分别为93％、66％和75％,在电池对外供电达到最大时非欧姆占总内阻比例最低.提高微生物燃料电池产电能力需要同时降低电池的欧姆内阻和非欧姆内阻.     

自养型生物过滤器硝化氧化一氧化氮

采用一种新的工程材料多孔碳作为填料,在3个φ50.8mm填充着不同孔径多孔碳和驯化培养好的自养型亚硝酸盐硝化菌的生物过滤器中,进行了净化气体中NO的探索性研究.实验采用亚硝酸盐为唯一氮源,在多孔碳的表面培养生物膜,采用超声波气溶胶发生器来维持过滤器内的湿度并保持多孔碳表面液膜的厚度较小.液相硝化试验用来比较3种不同孔径的多孔碳之间硝化性能的潜力和差异结果表明,在亚氮(NO₂^--N)进口负荷约200～800g/(L·min)的范围内.24孔/cm(Pores Per Centimeter,PPC)多孔碳过滤器的硝化速率最大,达到94%～98%;8PPC和18PPC多孔碳过滤器的硝化速率分别达到15%～21%和30%～40%.气相试验表明,在NO空床停留时间3.5min、进口浓度66.97～267.86mg/m³的范围内,24PPC多孔碳过滤器对NO的去除效率为41%～52%左右,表明了该自养硝化系统在NO废气治理中的应用潜力.     

真菌过滤塔净化含苯、甲苯废气影响因素的研究

利用2段可调温式生物过滤塔,以真菌为降解菌,研究了入口污染物浓度0.9～5.0 g/m3条件下,温度、填料湿度对苯、甲苯废气净化效率的影响.结果表明,当塔内温度在30～40 ℃时,生物塔净化能力较高;其中塔内温度32.8℃时,微生物对苯和甲苯的净化能力最高,在该温度下,当苯、甲苯入口负荷分别为673.5和665.0 g/(m3·h)时,过滤塔的最大去除负荷分别为136和150 g/(m3·h).试验研究了填料湿度对净化能力的影响,结果表明,高填料湿度不利于真菌过滤塔对苯和甲苯的净化,本试验的最佳填料湿度是45%左右,填料湿度在40%～50%范围内,过滤塔表现出较高的净化效率.随着过滤塔的运行,系统压降由挂膜前的18 Pa逐渐上升到后期的39 Pa,渗滤液的颜色也逐渐加深,表明塔内存在生物量积累的问题.     

Removal of multicomponent VOCs in off-gases from an oil refining wastewater treatment plant by a compost-based biofilter system

Waste gases from oil refining wastewater treatment plants are often characterized by the presence of multicomponent and various concentrations of compounds. An evaluation of the performance and feasibility of removing multicomponent volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in off-gases from oil refining wastewater treatment plants was conducted in a pilot-scale compost-based biofilter system. This system consists of two identical biofilters packed with compost and polyethylene (PE). This paper investigates the effects of various concentrations of nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and empty bed residence time (EBRT) on the removal efficiency of NMHC. Based on the experimental results and practical applications, an EBRT of 66 s was applied to the biofilter system. The removal efficiencies of NMHC were within the range of 47%–100%. At an EBRT of 66 s, the average removal efficiency of benzene, toluene, and xylene were more than 99%, 99%, and 100%, respectively. The results demonstrated that multicomponent VOCs in off-gases from the oil refining wastewater treatment plant could be successfully removed in the biofilter system, which may provide useful information concerning the design criteria and operation of full-scale biofilters.     

两级滴滤去除硫化氢和甲硫醇混合恶臭气体

把氧化硫硫杆菌(T. thiooxidans)、排硫硫杆菌(T. thioparus)组成的自养菌群和黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas)为主的异养菌群分别接种在两个生物滴滤反应器中,将其依次串联净化处理硫化氢(H₂S)、甲硫醇(MT)混合臭气.一级反应器(A^#)的复合自养菌在酸性环境下对负荷为7～8g/(m³h)的H₂S平均去除率可达94%,且不受混合气体中MT含量的影响.二级反应器(B^#)适于中性环境,对负荷为4～5g/(m^{3h)的MT平均去除率为83%.若H₂S在混合气体中浓度过高,经A#处理后的浓度仍高于50mg/m3,可导致后反应器酸化,使MT脱臭效率显著下降.}     

生物炭降解苯和甲苯混合废气性能研究

该研究以生物炭为过滤介质 ,探讨过滤塔降解气流中苯、甲苯的生物降解性能 .实验表明 ,在总有机负荷低于 3 5 0 g/ (h·m3)、停留时间 1 5～ 90s的实验条件下 ,滤塔对苯和甲苯混合气体有较好的降解性能 ,苯、甲苯的最大削减能力分别为 1 2 0 g/ (h·m3)和 1 5 0 g/ (h·m3) ,甲苯比苯更易被微生物降解 .滤塔中CO2 生成量随苯、甲苯降解量的增加而增加 ,但实验增长速率小于理论增长速率 .菌落分析表明 ,滤塔中微生物主要有真菌、杆菌、芽孢杆菌 ,其中芽孢杆菌为优势菌种 .根据吸附 生物降解机理 ,建立了VOCs去除模型 ,并予以验证 .     

SDS提高生物滴滤床净化氯苯废气的研究

以ACOF和陶粒作为生物滤床的填料,利用P.putida净化气相中的氯苯,并将十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）添加于生物滴滤床的喷淋液中,研究其对滤床处理氯苯废气效果的影响.微生物静态培养结果表明,当培养基中SDS浓度大于35 mg/L时,对P.putida存在明显抑制作用.在喷淋液中添加25 mg/L的SDS,有助于缩短滤床的适应期,并提高稳态下滤床的性能.对于填料为ACOF的情况,喷淋液中的SDS最优添加浓度为25 mg/L,此时滤床的最大去除负荷为234.7 g/(m³·h).喷淋液中的SDS经过5 d的运行,会有18%～20%的损失,但对滤床的性能没有明显影响.     

Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…     

利用充氧和回流强化波形潜流人工湿地的脱氮效果

为提高人工湿地对氨氮的去除能力,在本实验中将传统波形潜流人工湿地进行改造,于第2个波形区间内安装曝气管,改善湿地内氧气分布状况,提高湿地的硝化效果,并与传统波形潜流人工湿地进行对照试验.结果表明,由于大部分COD在第2波形区间充氧过程中得到去除,因此在第3波形区间硝化菌成为优势菌种,使湿地中硝化程度达到90%以上,出水中COD值大幅下降,耐进水冲击负荷的能力明显加强.在第2阶段将湿地出水按50%的回流比回流湿地起端,原污水在湿地起端和1/3处分别进水,证明1/3处进水总氮去除率最高,达到50%左右,水力负荷在0.8 m³/(m²·d)时,COD有机负荷达到56～112 g/(m²·d),氨氮负荷达到20～28 g/(m²·d).     

板式生物滴滤塔高效净化硫化氢废气的研究

采用营养液分层喷淋、pH分别在线控制(pH 2.5、 4.5、 6.5)的板式生物滴滤塔(plate type-biotrickling filter, PTBTF)净化H₂S废气,考察PTBTF于挂膜启动及稳定运行阶段对H₂S的降解性能.结果表明,PTBTF系统在14 d内即完成挂膜,对浓度为188.6mg·m^-3的H₂S去除率达到100%;在进口浓度100～1000mg·m^-3、空床停留时间(EBRT)28～4 s的条件下,H₂S的去除率可达到99%以上;当H₂S去除率≥90%时, PTBTF系统的最大去除负荷随EBRT(3.3～6 s)的增加而增大,EBRT 6 s的最大去除负荷达到1019.0g·(m³·h)^-1;上、中、下3层填料对H₂S的去除负荷随进口H₂S负荷的波动呈显著变化;通过荧光染色观察填料上的细胞数,发现在挂膜阶段微生物数量增长明显,第125 d上层、中层和下层填料上的菌落数(以干填料计)分别达到了1.29×10⁷、 5.47×10⁸和1.07×10⁹个·g^-1;采用扫描电镜观察填料表面的生物膜,可见上填料层和下填料层的优势菌分别为杆菌和丝状菌;利用变性梯度凝胶电泳初步揭示了系统运行过程中生物群落的演替规律;通过对产物的分析,确定该PTBTF系统降解H₂S后主要产生SO^2-₄和单质硫.     

EGSB反应器在20℃下处理啤酒废水的工艺及微生物学研究

在20℃下连续运行厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器,对其处理模拟啤酒废水的工艺运行、污泥特性及微生物种群结构进行研究,结果表明:①HRT为18 h,经184 d的运行,EGSB反应器的有机负荷(以COD计)可达10 kg/(m3·d),COD去除率为85%以上,去除1 kg COD可产沼气0.58 m3;②随有机负荷逐渐提高,颗粒污泥粒径逐渐增大,沉降性能逐渐提高,但当负荷达到10 kg/(m3·d)时,颗粒污泥平均粒径有变小趋势;与中温厌氧污泥相比,低温污泥的胞外多聚物(ECP)总量有较大增加,其中蛋白质含量增加明显;③与接种污泥相比,在20℃下运行不同时期污泥中产甲烷菌的种类未发生明显变化,但接种同样颗粒污泥在15℃下运行6个月后污泥中的优势产甲烷菌种发生了明显的变化.     

Inorganic nitrogen removal of toilet wastewater with an airlift external circulation membrane bioreactor

Removal of inorganic nitrogen (inorganic-N) from toilet wastewater, using a pilot-scale airlift external circulation membrane bioreactor (AEC-MBR) was studied. The results showed that the use of AEC-MBR with limited addition of alkaline reagents and volumetric loading rates of inorganic-N of 0.19-0.40 kg inorganic-N/(m3·d) helped achieve the desired nitrification and denitrification. Furthermore, the effects of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) on inorganic-N removal were examined. Under the condition of MLSS at 1.56-2.35 g/L, BOD5/ammonia nitrogen (NH/-N) at 1.0, pH at 7.0-7.5, and DO at 1.0-2.0 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of NH4 -N and inorganic-N were 91.5% and 70.0%, respectively, in the AEC-MBR. The cost of addition of alkaline reagent was approximately 0.5-1.5 RMB yuan/m3, and the energy consumption was approximately 0.72 kWh/m3 at the flux of 8 L/(m2·h).     

FeⅡ(EDTA)络合协同RDB去除NO废气效能及过程分析

为进一步提高一氧化氮(NO)的去除效率,在新型生物转鼓反应器(rotating drum biofilter,RDB)中,以FeⅡ(EDTA)络合协同RDB生物转鼓的耦合技术强化难水溶性NO的气液传质速率,提高生物还原效能为目标进行了研究.结果表明,适量FeⅡ(EDTA)被添加到RDB底部营养液后,能迅速吸收气相中的NO并生成FeⅡ(EDTA)-NO络合物,进而可通过反硝化实现同步脱氮和络合剂再生.在转速0.5 r.min-1、空床停留时间(EBRT)57.7 s、温度30℃、pH 7～8的实验条件下,RDB的净化效能随络合剂的投加而显著改善;FeⅡ(EDTA)质量浓度从0增至500 mg.L-1后,NO去除率从61.1%提高到97.6%,去除负荷从16.2 g.(m3.h)-1上升到26.7 g.(m3.h)-1.分析了FeⅡ(EDTA)络合协同净化NO的反应过程,建立了NO净化效率与FeⅡ(EDTA)添加浓度的关联方程,可较好地拟合实验数据.     

处理乙硫醇废气生物滤池中微生物的初步鉴定

生物滤池是废气生物处理的主要技术之一 ,其生物相包括细菌和真菌 .对于疏水性有机物质 ,真菌具有更高的处理效率 ,而且真菌对环境的适应性也比细菌强 .本研究采用生物滤池处理含乙硫醇废气 ,通过对生物滤池填料上附着的微生物进行分离鉴定表明 ,初步判定分离出的菌株分别为常现青霉、宛氏拟青霉、文氏曲霉和顶孢头孢霉 .     

Enhanced removal of ethylbenzene from gas streams in biotrickling filters by Tween-20 and Zn(II)

The effects of Tween-20 and Zn（II） on ethylbenzene removal were evaluated using two biotrickling filters（BTFs）, BTF1 and BTF2. Only BTF1 was fed with Tween-20 and Zn（II）.Results show that ethylbenzene removal decreased from 94% to 69% for BTF1 and from 74%to 54% for BTF2 with increased organic loading from 64.8 to 189.0 g ethylbenzene/（m3·hr） at EBRT of 40 sec. The effect of EBRT（60–15 sec） at a constant ethylbenzene inlet concentration was more significant than that of EBRT（30–10 sec） at a constant organic loading. Biomass accumulation rate within packing media was reduced significantly.