黄山贡菊总黄酮的微波提取优化工艺研究

采用微波技术提取黄山贡菊中的总黄酮。通过单因素试验考察了浸提时间、乙醇浓度、微波功率、液料比四因素对黄山贡菊总黄酮提取率的影响。利用正交试验确定微波提取黄山贡菊总黄酮的最佳工艺为:当提取时间30min、乙醇浓度70%、微波功率500W、液料比为30∶1时,黄山贡菊中的总黄酮提取率高达11.69%。该工艺操作简便、耗时短,提取效率高。     

超声辅助大蒜多糖提取研究

大蒜多糖具有众多的生理功能，有很高的经济价值。以大蒜为原料，采用超声辅助酶解法提取大蒜多糖，具有高速、高效、节能、环保等优点。在单因素试验的基础上，通过正交试验进一步优化提取工艺条件，确定影响提取率的主次因素分别为超声酶解时间、料液比、提取温度和提取时间。结果表明，先期酶解条件为温度50℃、pH5．O、酶用量5．0％，最佳提取条件为超声波酶解时间40min、料液比（m／V）1：3、提取温度85℃、提取时间50min，多糖提取率达72．64％。     

液液萃取-气相色谱／质谱联用法测定地表水中四乙基铅

采用液液微萃取与气相色缈质谱法联用技术建立了测定水样中四乙基铅的方法。同时还对萃取溶剂进行选择，结果表明：选择了二氯甲烷作为萃取溶剂，氯化钠加入量10g，该方法检出限为0．03μg／L，线性范围为0．20-10．Oμg／L，线性相关系数为0．9999，测定饮用水源水和地表水中的四乙基铅，加标回收率为89．5％～101．7％，相对标准偏差为3．7％-5．9％。     

颗粒活性炭载体新型生物转盘去除生活污水中COD和NH3-N的研究

开发一种改进型生物转盘处理生活污水，将盘片改为转笼状，并向其中加入颗粒活性发作为载体，研究该系统对生活污水的处理效果。结果表明：在转盘转速为15rpm和HRT分别为10h、8h、6h、4．5h情况下，进水COD平均浓度约为223mg／L，出水COD平均浓度分别为15．6、17．9、23．4、28．2mg/L，平均去除率为93．0％、91．9％、89．5％、86．6％；进水NH3-N平均浓度约为22mg／L，出水NH3-N平均浓度分别为0．32、1．13、2．30、5．71mg／L，平均去除率为98．5％、94．8％、89．7％、74．6％。     

黄山贡菊有效成分的定性分析

黄山贡菊主产于安徽省歙县,具有显著的医疗保健作用.采用水提取法、醇提取法和酸性醇液提取法对黄山贡菊的化学成分进行了提取,并做了全面的定性鉴定试验.实验结果表明,黄山贡菊中含有较丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸、糖类、生物碱等物质和少量的挥发油、酚类物质,而蒽醌类、香豆素类、甾体三萜类、皂甙类含量极少,实验鉴定呈阴性.     

毛木耳产漆酶发酵条件的研究

以毛木耳为产酶菌，以CMC为唯一碳源，探讨了不同培养条件对毛木耳产漆酶的影响。结果表明，在最适温度为27℃、pH值为6．0、接种量为10％、装液量为90mL／250mL、摇床转速为180rpm、培养天数为6d时，产酶活力最大。以各个因子的最佳梯度做优化培养，发酵液中的漆酶活力高达70．76IU／mL。     

金樱子果可提取橙红色素

金樱子又名精罐子、刺梨，其分布范围广，营养丰富。前几年，它被开发用于酿酒和制作饮料。最近，科学家们又从金樱子果中提炼出了食用色素——橙红色素。将成熟的金樱果子采摘后晒干，除去毛刺。用3～5倍浓度为40％的酒精浸提2次，所得色素液在温度55～60C、真空度0．01～0，IMPa下浓缩至40～50：l（体积比）；然后在喷雾压力9．8～13．7Maa与室温55～60C下喷雾干燥，即获得可溶于水的橙红色粉末。该色素具有光谱特性、时氧化还原性、热稳定性、耐酸碱性和光稳定性，可广泛用于食品加工工业。金樱子果可提取橙红色素@石晴…     

试论安徽农业资源开发的“下游拉动”战略

安徽省位于华东地区西部，西面和南面环山，长江、淮河横贯全省，四周依次与江苏、浙江、江西、湖北、河南、山东省为邻。安徽是一个农业大省，境内农业资源丰富，并已形成以黄山毛峰、三潭批把清山酥梨、怀远石榴、明光绿豆、符离集烧鸡等为代表的名牌农副特产品。1994年农业从业人员1922万人，占全省从业人员的61．6％，高于全国同一比例；同年农业产值比例为22．6％，也高于全国的21％，农民人均纯收入973．20元，低于全国平均数的1221元。因此，安徽的农业具有比重大、投入高、效益低的特征，其主要原因在于种养业结构不尽合理，“三高…     

HY1141和HY241菌产生的絮凝剂絮凝性能及水处理应用研究

从土壤中分离筛选得到絮凝剂产生菌HY1141和HY241，对高岭土悬浊液进行絮凝性能试验研究。试验结果表明：HY1141絮凝荆在ptt值为3．0时，絮凝率达到97．2％，HY241絮凝剂在pH值为4．0-7．0时，絮凝率在90％以上；絮凝剂的最佳投加量均为4mL／L，此时絮凝率分别达到98．2％和96．5％；HY1141和HY241絮凝剂所需CaCl2，最佳浓度分剐为0．5％和1．0％，此时絮凝率分刺为97．6％和96．8％；絮凝荆最佳静置时间分别为5min和10min。此外，两株菌所产絮凝刘对洪水和选矿废水都有一定的处理效果，且HY1141絮凝剂处理洪水效果较好，絮凝率为71．7％，COD去除率为81．8％；混合絮凝刺处理选矿废水效果较好，絮凝率为92．8％，COD去除率为96．0％。     

花生壳中黄酮物质的提取及对油脂的抗氧化作用

对花生壳中黄酮物质的提取工艺进行了优化研究，并对提取物的抗氧化性进行了初步研究。用单因素试验分别对提取溶剂乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间及提取温度进行了研究。在此基础上，通过正交试验确定上述4个因素的最佳组合。优化后花生壳中黄酮的最大提取率为92．32％，花生壳中黄酮类化合物的适宜提取条件为乙醇体积分数60％、料液比1：30、提取时间150min、提取温度60℃。花生壳中黄酮类化合物对猪油有明显的抗氧化作用，当添加量为0．2％时抗氧化效果与0．2％BHT接近。     

乳化液膜法处理石油石化废水的研究

炼厂酸性汽提净化水中酚含量高，限制了汽提净化水回用效率，需进行脱酚处理。本研究采用煤油、span-80、液体石蜡、磷酸三丁酯和NaOH构建乳化液膜，探究其对酸性水汽提净化水的脱酚效率。运用以响应曲面法（RSM）为依据的Box-Behnken设计，以span-80投加量、液体石蜡投加量、油相/内相比和制乳转速为影响因素，建立了汽提净化水中苯酚去除率的二次回归预测模型，并优化了处理条件。结果表明，液体石蜡投加量对苯酚去除率的影响最为显著，其次是span-80投加量。通过RSM分析得到汽提净化水脱酚的最佳实验条件为：span-80投加量2wt%，液体石蜡投加量15%v/v，油内比为1:1，制乳转速取6000r/min，此时苯酚去除率为98.65%。反应后的液膜易于破乳，破乳率达98.33%，且回收油相可循环利用，从而大大节约成本实现资源化。     

不同因素对黄山贡菊叶中过氧化氢酶活性的影响

以黄山贡菊离体叶片中过氧化氢酶为研究对象，采用室内模拟方法，研究不同因素处理对黄山贡菊离体叶片中过氧化氢酶活力的影响。结果表明，在30℃时酶活力较高，高温或低温时酶活力均减小；低浓度的K^＋和Ca^2＋对过氧化氢酶有激活作用，高浓度的K^＋和Ca^2＋对过氧化氢酶有抑制作用；Mg^2＋、Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋对过氧化氢酶均具有抑制作用，生长素和赤霉素对过氧化氢酶活性的影响不明显。     

Toxicity of ozonated animal manure to the house fly, Musca domestica

Swine manure slurries were ozonated at a dosage of 1 g/L and tested for their toxicity to the house fly (Musca domestica). The observed toxicity of ozonated swine manure was consistent and independent of origin of the swine manure. A dose (dilution) response curve was performed. A 50% dilution in the ozonated swine manure slurry resulted in 90% reduction in toxicity. Neither the synthetic nor ozonated synthetic swine manure, both of which contained higher concentrations of formaldehyde and three other unidentified carbonyl compounds than the ozonated swine manure, were toxic to the flies. Ozonated swine manure slurry was centrifuged and passed through a 0.45-microm filter. The liquid phase was as toxic as the unfiltered slurry; as such, the toxicant appears to be present in liquid phase. Neither ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, formaldehyde, nor other simple aldehydes appeared to be the toxic agent. The toxic agent appears to be a polar chemical compound and is concentrated in the urine. Several possible compounds have been identified. The toxicity of untreated and ozonated manure slurries from different livestock was compared. Six animal manure slurries (beef and dairy cattle, horse, poultry, sheep, and swine) were ozonated (dosage of 1 g/L) and tested for toxicity to the house fly. Ozonated dairy cattle manure slurry showed 78% mortality after 72 h, whereas ozonated swine manure slurry achieved a 100% mortality rate in 48 h. Neither the unozonated dairy nor swine manure slurries, nor any of the other raw or ozonated manure slurries, were toxic to the flies.     

Fertilizer application training programs,the adoption of formula fertilization techniques and agricultural productivity: Evidence from 691 apple growers in China

The article examines whether agricultural training boosted technology adoption and productivity was a key issue that was concerned by policymakers and researchers. Thus, impacts of fertilizer application training programs on the adoption of formula fertilization techniques and agricultural productivity were analyzed by using the survey data of 691 apple growers. The results indicated that: (i) compared with farmers who did not participate in fertilizer application training programs, the probability of the adoption of formula fertilization techniques was significantly increased by 256.1% for farmers who participated in fertilizer application training programs; (ii) fertilizer application training programs boosted the adoption of formula fertilization techniques via influencing farmers' cognition and willingness; (iii) yield was significantly increased by 14.3% at the 5% level through participating in fertilizer application training programs, and fertilizer application training programs improved agricultural productivity by means of enhancing the adoption of formula fertilization techniques. This study was conducive to evaluating the effectiveness of agricultural training and boosting agricultural sustainable development.     

饮料植物的开发利用

通过对华东主要饮料市场的调研,结合国内外的相关报道,就饮料植物在人民生活中的地位、饮料植物种类、开发利用现状进行了综述,并提出利用前景.     

油田采出水处理系统用药剂进展

介绍了油田采出水回注处理包括水质净化和水质稳定两方面。通过应用分析得出最佳药剂投加顺序依次为阻垢剂、杀菌剂、缓蚀剂。指出新型药剂和绿色药剂研究的侧重点,提出开发无毒、无害的绿色工业水处理药剂是重要发展方向。     

果树树干补钙技术与效果

通过对果树树干进行注射补钙技术与效果的研究结果表明：补钙时期、补钙剂量不同,其产生的效果各异。利用树干注射补钙技术可增加果实中的钙含量,延长果品贮藏期,增加单果重,防止柚子、樱桃等果实的裂果病。该技术具有使用安全补钙效果好、易操作、成本低、应用范围广等特点。     

Effect of pH and alum dosage on the efficiency of microalgae harvesting via flocculation technique

Microalgae biomass is well known as a potential sustainable product for bio-based industry, which has reported encountering numerous difficulties during biomass harvesting and recovering. This study examined the effect of pH (5–12) and alum dosage (30–180 mg/L) for microalgae Botryococcus sp. harvested via flocculation technique. The optimum pH condition for Botryococcus sp. harvesting was measured to be 9.2, and the alum dosage was 100 mg/L. Both optimum values successfully harvested up to 95% microalgae biomass. This study revealed that flocculation efficiencies for alum are highly dependent on the range of pH and coagulant dosage that were applied during the process. Use of flocculation technique with alum as a coagulant represents a convenient technique for Botryococcus sp. biomass harvesting and is recommended for use in both small- and large-scale biomass industries.     

海泡石活化废酸复合絮凝剂处理印染废水的研究

利用海泡石酸活化所产生废液的特性,制备一种处理印染废水的新型复合絮凝剂。通过实验,分析了印染废水的pH值﹑海泡石废酸复合絮凝剂的投加剂量及静置时间对处理印染废水效果,并且在相同实验条件下与硫酸铁及海泡石原矿处理印染废水分别做了对比实验。实验结果表明:海泡石活化废酸复合絮凝剂处理印染废水能取得良好的效果。     

花生、大豆与芝麻复合乳饮料的研制

报道了以花生、大豆和芝麻为主要原料,并按一定比例制备出以花生为主体风味的复合蛋白乳保健饮料的基本工艺流程,同时对获得良好风味的花生、大豆与芝麻复合蛋白乳饮料的基本工艺条件、操作要求及影响产品质量的因素也作了简要探讨与说明。