壳聚糖处理对大豆幼苗生理指标的影响

以“齐黄28”大豆种子为试验材料,研究不同质量浓度的壳聚糖溶液对大豆幼苗生理指标的影响.结果表明,壳聚糖对大豆幼苗的生长具有促进作用,促进作用的大小因壳聚糖浓度不同而表现出较大差异.在一定范围内随壳聚糖溶液浓度的升高,大豆幼苗的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量和株高均有所提高.当壳聚糖质量浓度为4g/L时,对各项指标的促进作用最明显,为最适壳聚糖浓度,但随着壳聚糖溶液处理浓度的进一步加大,则对大豆幼苗表现出一定的抑制作用.     

NaCl胁迫对油莎豆块茎萌发与幼苗生长的影响

采用沙培法,研究不同浓度的NaCl胁迫对三种油莎豆品系块茎萌发和幼苗生长的影响,以探讨油莎豆的抗盐性。结果表明:油莎豆块茎发芽率随着NaCl胁迫浓度升高呈逐渐降低趋势,500mmol/L时发芽率为0;油莎豆幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量随着NaCl胁迫浓度的升高而降低,而蛋白质和脯氨酸含量随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加而升高,说明NaCl胁迫对油莎豆块茎萌发和幼苗生长具有严重的抑制作用。该研究结果为油莎豆在盐碱地的种植、栽培提供了重要的参考资料。     

紫苏水浸液对木香薷种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用CSSCI

以紫苏茎、叶、花序为供体,木香薷种子为受体,采用3×5二因素完全随机试验设计和室内生物测定法研究了紫苏水浸液对木香薷种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明:1供体类型和水浸液浓度对木香薷种子的发芽势、发芽指数、发芽率、成苗率、胚根长度和胚轴长度均有极显著影响。供体化感作用强弱顺序是:叶片>花序>茎,并有高抑制低促进的浓度效应。2紫苏茎、叶、花序的水浸液主要是通过抑制木香薷胚根的伸长来抑制种子萌发与幼苗生长。3叶片淋溶是紫苏释放化感物质的主要途径之一。     

紫苏水浸液对木香薷种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

以紫苏茎、叶、花序为供体,木香薷种子为受体,采用3×5二因素完全随机试验设计和室内生物测定法研究了紫苏水浸液对木香薷种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用。结果表明:1供体类型和水浸液浓度对木香薷种子的发芽势、发芽指数、发芽率、成苗率、胚根长度和胚轴长度均有极显著影响。供体化感作用强弱顺序是:叶片花序茎,并有高抑制低促进的浓度效应。2紫苏茎、叶、花序的水浸液主要是通过抑制木香薷胚根的伸长来抑制种子萌发与幼苗生长。3叶片淋溶是紫苏释放化感物质的主要途径之一。     

气态氨对吊兰生长的毒理学影响

探讨气态氨染毒对吊兰生长的毒性作用,将生长状况相似的吊兰置于氨浓度为0.1mg/m^3、0.2mg/m^3、0.3mg/m^3、0.4mg/m^3的密闭容器中,以空气作为对照,测定叶片的叶绿素含量变化、叶绿素a/b比值变化、丙二醛含量变化、可溶性糖含量变化、脯氨酸含量变化以及叶片对有毒气体的形态学反应。结果表明,经处理的吊兰叶片外观损伤明显,叶绿素含量随气体浓度的增加而减小,叶绿素a/b比值减小,丙二醛和可溶性糖含量随气体浓度的升高而升高,脯氨酸含量随着气体浓度的增加而积累,气态氨对吊兰的毒理学影响明显。     

土壤铅污染对桑树生长及桑叶品质的影响研究

运用盆栽试验和室内实验相结合的方法,研究了土壤不同浓度铅污染对桑树生长及桑叶品质的影响.结果表明,低浓度铅(≤200mg/kg干土)处理使桑树的株高呈现上升趋势,中、高浓度铅(≥300mg/kg干土)处理使桑树的株高呈现下降趋势;而桑叶中叶绿素总量、可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量均随着外加铅浓度梯度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,转折点为200mg/kg干土(土壤一级标准).土壤中的铅浓度超过200mg/kg干土后,桑树生长及桑叶品质开始受到明显胁迫.     

壳聚糖对小麦期叶中营养物质含量的影响

在不同壳聚糖浓度和时间条件下对小麦种子进行处理,通过小麦萌发后期叶中游离氨基酸、蛋白质、叶绿素和可溶性糖含量的变化,从而得出壳聚糖处理小麦种子的最佳条件为:浓度8g/L、浸种时间10h,其结果将对小麦生产提供理论基础.     

柳叶蜡梅化感作用初探

以大豆、玉米作为受体,通过对种子萌发指标和幼苗生长量的测定,探讨柳叶蜡梅叶片水浸提液的化感作用.结果表明,不同浓度的柳叶蜡梅水浸提液对两种受体的种子萌发和幼苗生长量均有不同程度的抑制作用,相对电导率和丙二醛含量增加.因此,柳叶蜡梅对大豆、玉米均有化感抑制作用.     

柳叶蜡梅化感作用初探

以大豆、玉米作为受体，通过对种子萌发指标和幼苗生长量的测定，探讨柳叶蜡梅叶片水浸提液的化感作用。结果表明，不同浓度的柳叶蜡梅水浸提液对两种受体的种子萌发和幼苗生长量均有不同程度的抑制作用，相对电导率和丙二醛含量增加。因此，柳叶蜡梅对大豆、玉米均有化感抑制作用。     

干旱胁迫下壳聚糖对玉米幼苗生理生化指标的影响

用不同的壳聚糖溶液分组处理干旱胁迫下的玉米幼苗,并于每次喷施壳聚糖的第二天测定幼苗的叶绿素、蛋白质、脯氨酸、可溶性糖等生理生化指标的含量.结果显示,用0.2％溶液处理的玉米幼苗其叶绿素、蛋白质、可溶性糖含量的升高都较显著,0.3％溶液处理的玉米幼苗脯氨酸含量相对较低.由此说明,壳聚糖溶液处理干旱胁迫下的玉米幼苗有利于其生长,为壳聚糖对玉米抵抗干旱胁迫的影响提供了理论依据.     

干旱胁迫下壳聚糖对花生幼苗生理特性的影响

为了研究壳聚糖对花生幼苗抗旱言的影响，以花生品种“花育23号”为材料，在干旱胁迫下，用不同浓度的壳聚糖溶雍处理花生幼苗，连续处理5d后测定叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、MDA和脯氨酸的含量变化。结果表明，花生幼苗在干旱条件下喷施壳聚糖与蒸馏水相比，在干旱第10天叶绿素含量提高了42．2％，MDA含量降低了36．2％；在干旱第6天，可溶性蛋白含量提高了129．0％；在干旱第8天，脯氨酸含量提高了257．0％。喷施壳聚糖溶液的最适宜浓度为0．10g／L，喷施该浓度壳聚糖可促进植物生长，增强抗旱性。     

Barley, a potential species for initial reclamation of saline composite tailings of oil sands

The oil sands industry in Alberta (Canada) has developed the composite tailings (CT) process to reduce the fluid fine tails resulting from the processing of oil sands. This process uses a chemical coagulant (gypsum or alum) to produce aggregated fines (clay), so they are retained with the coarse sand fraction of the extraction tailings to form CT, from which fines-free water is released relatively quickly compared with untreated tailings. The resulting CT and CT waters are saline-sodic, with Na+, SO4(2-), and Cl- being the dominant ions. When freshly deposited, the CT deposits are too soft for access by reclamation equipment, and the time required for these deposits to remove the water sufficiently to support traffic is uncertain. A greenhouse study was designed to determine the suitability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for reclamation of fresh CT deposits and to evaluate benefits of peat amendments. This study assessed germination, early plant growth, chlorophyll content, and survival of barley growing in alum- and gypsum-treated CT, with and without peat amendment. Ion and trace metal accumulation in the root and shoot tissues of barley was determined. Amendment of CT with peat improved germination, survival, and growth of barley, but did not prevent leaf injury (probably due to Na and Cl- and possibly multiple nutrient deficiency). Field studies will be undertaken to validate our greenhouse results suggesting that barley could be used to improve dewatering of the freshly deposited substrates, reduce soil erosion, and facilitate leaching of ions by root penetration into the substrate.     

Effect of spent engine oil on the growth parameters and chlorophyll content of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corchorus olitorius</Emphasis> Linn

The effect of spent engine oil on the height, leaf number, leaf area, stem girth, chlorophyll, and moisture contents of Corchorus olitorius grown on 0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% (v/w oil/soil) oil-contaminated soil was investigated. The engine oil at all concentrations delayed the germination of C. olitorius by 2 days (compared to control) and there was a general significant reduction in all the growth parameters in plants grown on contaminated soil compared to control plants. The highest leaf area of 26.8 cm² was found in the control plant and least was found in the 0.6% soil (0.11 cm²) after 3 weeks while no values were recorded on the 0.8–3.0% engine-oil-contaminated soil after 5 weeks of experiment. The highest chlorophyll content was also found in the control plant (11.5 mg/l). This showed that spent engine oil has an adverse effect on the growth of C. olitorius plant.     

Effects of Three Fire-Suppressant Foams on the Germination and Physiological Responses of Plants

Suppressant foams used to fight forest fires may leave residual effects on surviving biota that managers need to consider prior to using them. We examined how three fire-suppressant foams (FSFs) (Forexpan S, Phos-Chek-WD881, and Silv-ex) affected seed germination and physiological responses of three plant species. Exposure to FSFs, whether in diluted concentrations or those typical in the field, reduced final germination percentages of seeds grown in petri dishes and within growth chambers. However, the FSFs did not cause total germination failure in any treatment. Inhibition of germination increased with longer exposure times, but only to diluted FSF solutions. Unlike in the laboratory experiments, none of the three FSFs affected seedling emergence when tested in field conditions. Further, we found no evidence of long-term phytotoxic effects on antioxidant enzyme activity nor chlorophyll content of the plant saplings. Therefore, although the three FSFs showed evidence of phytotoxicity to plants in laboratory tests, their actual impact on terrestrial ecosystems may be minimal. We suggest that the benefits of using these FSFs to protect plants in threatened forest ecosystems outweigh their minor risks.     

镉在日本无刺楤木叶片的积累与对其抗氧化系统的影响

为考察镉对日本无刺楤木(Aralia elata var. inermis)生长及品质安全性的影响,采用生物盆栽法研究镉处理对不同生长期楤木叶片抗氧化系统影响及与镉含量关系。结果表明:展叶末期楤木叶片镉含量较少,镉对楤木叶片抗氧化能力有促进作用,随着处理量增加,叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性、叶绿素含量先增大后减小,镉对过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性影响较强,可使其降至对照的30%,丙二醛(MDA)含量呈一定的先下降后上升的变化。生长中期POD活性达整个生长期最低;随着镉处理量增加,CAT活性先增强后减弱,但明显高于对照;叶绿素含量降幅各生长期最大,最低为对照69.1%;MDA含量则有显著增加。落叶初期叶片镉含量达到同处理最大;随着镉处理量的增加,POD活性持续减弱,CAT活性先增强后减弱,所受影响小于生长中期;叶绿素含量持续下降;落叶初期MDA含量在低量镉处理中降低,高量镉处理下继续升高。     

Growth and yield response of marigold to potting media containing vermicompost produced from different wastes

Investigations were made to assay the influence of vermicomposts, prepared from (i) cow dung (CD) and (ii) sugar mill wastewater treatment plant sludge spiked with horse dung, on the growth and productivity of marigold plants in pot culture experiments. The soil was used as potting media, and vermicomposts were amended with it in 10, 20, 30 and 40% ratio. A total of nine different potting media were prepared. The fertility status of soil and vermicomposts was quantified. There were significant differences in the fertilizer quality of soil and both the vermicomposts. Maximum numbers of flowers was produced in the potting media containing 30% of CD vermicompost and minimum was reported in control (soil without amendments). The diameter of biggest flower was reported in the potting media containing 40% of sugar mill wastewater treatment plant sludge vermicompost. Results showed that the addition of vermicompost, in appropriate quantities, to potting media has synergistic effects on growth and flowering of plants including number of buds, number of flowers, plant shoot biomass, root biomass, plant height and diameter of flowers.