共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 328 毫秒
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铝处理马尾松对高温、低温、干旱和SO2的抗性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
马尾松在不同浓度铝溶液(0、30、60、120、240、480ppm)中生长两个月后,转移至高温、低温、干旱或SO2熏气罩中,结果发现,经过铝培养松苗的膜透性显著高于未经过铝培养松苗的膜透性,且铝浓度越大,膜透性越大,表明铝处理马尾松对高温、低温、干旱和SO2的抵抗性降低.300ppb的SO2熏气30h后,未经铝培养的松苗没有明显受害症状出现,而经过铝培养的松苗却表现出针叶发黄、叶缘和叶尖出现明显可见伤害斑点等SO2受害症状,高温、低温和干旱处理的主要症状表现为针叶发黄、萎蔫。 相似文献
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SO2、NO2及其复合物对青菜体内抗坏血酸含量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探讨了运用田间开顶式熏气装置,在单一及复合熏气条件下,不同浓度SO_2(0.1—0.25ppm)和NO_2(0.05—0.25ppm)对青菜体内抗坏血酸含量的影响。结果表明,青菜体内抗坏血酸含量随SO_2和NO_2复合熏气浓度的增加而减少;当SO_2和NO_2复合熏气浓度之和一定时,分别提高相同比例SO_2、NO_2浓度,SO_2浓度的增加对青菜体內抗坏血酸含量减少率的影响作用大于NO_2;抗坏血酸含昆下降吋叶绿素含量也下降;青菜体内抗坏血酸含量减少率与叶面积伤害率之间呈较好的线性相关。 相似文献
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马尾松苗期体内铝离子存在方式、形态和分布 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文用溶液培养方法研究铝在马尾松幼苗体内的存在方式、形态及其分布。结果表明,①松苗吸收的铝主要积累于根部,只有较少量的铝转移至地上部分;②针叶内铝离子主要以束缚态的方式存在,根内束缚态与自由态的存在比例大致相当;③铝离子在表面自由空间大部分以三价铝离子的形态存在,其中针叶内约占63~85%,根内占41—67%;④铝离子在根组织内的含量以外皮层为最高,中柱最低,呈现为从内向外增多的分布状态. 相似文献
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有害气体的复合污染普遍存在于城市和工业区。为了解SO_2 HF复合污染对植物伤害的影响和有害物质含量的变化,我们于1982年对20多种4—6年生的盆栽植物进行SO_2和HF的复合熏气试验。从供试植物叶片看出,两种气体的复合熏气对不同植物有不同的影响。植物受害程度有的表现为增效作用,有的则小于两者相加作用。我们试验结果和Hofatra等人所作的结果相仿。 相似文献
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二氧化硫(SO_2)是一种有毒的大气污染物,主要经气孔进入植物体内.目前对于SO_2毒性的研究多集中在氧化损伤方面,关于SO_2对植物脯氨酸代谢的影响及相关分子机制的研究还很少.本文以谷子幼苗为材料,研究了不同浓度SO_2气体暴露对叶片气孔运动、脯氨酸代谢和抗氧化酶系统的影响.结果显示,10 mg·m~(-3) SO_2熏气对谷子幼苗的叶片形态、相对含水量、气孔开度、脯氨酸含量及抗氧化酶活性均无明显影响.30 mg·m~(-3) SO_2暴露24~72 h后,叶片出现明显的受损症状,相对含水量降低,叶面气孔开度减小;30 mg·m~(-3) SO_2熏气导致叶中脯氨酸含量显著增加,脯氨酸脱氢酶(PDH)活性明显升高.同时,长时间的SO_2胁迫可诱导SiPDH基因表达上调,而脯氨酸合成相关基因SiP5CS、SiP5CR表达受到明显抑制.此外,谷子幼苗暴露于30 mg·m~(-3) SO_2时,叶中超氧阴离子(O■)产生速率与对照相比显著提高,诱导超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增强,从而将过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量维持在正常水平.以上结果表明,SO_2对谷子的毒性效应具有浓度依赖性.高浓度SO_2暴露下,谷子能够通过控制气孔开放、调节脯氨酸代谢和抗氧化酶活性等过程来适应SO_2胁迫. 相似文献
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重庆南山雾水特性及其对马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb)的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
通过对重庆南山四个样点的雾水分析表明,雾水的pH值为3.6—5.6,平均为4.5。离子成分以SO_4~(2-),Ca~(2+)和NH_4~+为主,其总浓度为同期雨水的9.3倍。雾水中还有大量的颗粒物。凝结于针叶上的雾水pH值普遍下降,可达3.0以下。酸雾对马尾松针叶中的Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),NO_3~-等营养离子有淋失作用,对叶中叶绿素有破坏作用。雾水中的颗粒物覆盖叶表面,可堵塞气孔,影响叶片的光合作用,或造成伤斑。 相似文献
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在工矿区和城市周围大气中,植物往往受到二种以上有害气体复合污染的伤害。六十年代以来,关于气体复合污染(如SO_2 O_3、SO_2 NO_2、SO_2 乙烯、NO_2 O_3、SO_2 HF及SO_2 NH_3等)对植物影响的研究,日益受到重视,有的实验组合对某些植物的伤害表现为增效作用,如SO_2 O_3,SO_2 乙烯;有的则产生拮抗作用,如SO_2 NH_3;有的只是简单相加或彼此不相影响,本工作对孕蕾期金荞麦受到SO_2、HF单独和复合熏气所产生的反应、伤害症状及其对生长、发育和产量的影响进行了实验。 相似文献
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Lin Zhu Zhaoping Zhong Jianming Xue Yueyang Xu Chunhua Wang Lixia Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(3):306-316
Niobium oxide as the promoter was doped in the V/WTi catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO.The results showed that the addition of Nb_2O_5could improve the SCR activity at low temperatures and the 6 wt.%additive was an appropriate dosage.The enhanced reaction activity of adsorbed ammonia species and the improved dispersion of vanadium oxide might be the reasons for the elevation of SCR activity at low temperatures.The resistances to SO_2of 3V6Nb/WTi catalyst at different temperatures were investigated.FTIR spectrum and TG-FTIR result indicated that the deposition of ammonium sulfate species was the main deactivation reason at low temperatures,which still exhibited the reactivity with NO above 200°C on the catalyst surface.There was a synergistic effect among NH_3,H_2O and SO_2that NH_3and H_2O both accelerated the catalyst deactivation in the presence of SO_2at 175°C.The thermal treatment at 400°C could regenerate the deactivated catalyst and get SCR activity recovered.The particle and monolith catalysts both kept stable NO_xconversion at 225°C with high concentration of H_2O and SO_2during the long time tests. 相似文献
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Chong Feng Lupeng Han Penglu Wang Xiangyu Liu Guangyuan Zhou Dengsong Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(1):340-350
Developing low-temperature SO2-tolerant catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx is still a challenging task. The sulfation of active metal oxides and deposition of ammonium bisulfate deactivate catalysts, due to the difficult decomposition of the as-formed sulfate species at low temperatures(<300 °C). In recent years, metal sulfate catalysts have attracted increasing attention owing to their good catalytic activity and strong SO2 tolerance at hi... 相似文献
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利用2007~2010年北京地区3500m高空内飞机探测的大气污染物(NOx、SO2 、CO和O3)数据资料,分析其时空分布特征.结果表明: 在4~11月期间,NOx、SO2和CO月均值有比较明显的一致性变化规律,NOx、SO2 和CO月均值随高度增加而减小,而O3月均值随高度增加,出现先增大后减小的变化规律.温度较高月份(7~10月)值较小,而温度较低月份(4~6月、11月)值较大,但O3月均值季节变化规律为夏季5~9月的较大,春秋季4月、10~11月的较小.不同的高度大气污染物浓度白天逐时变化并不一致,其变化率是1500m以下的比1500~3500m的明显高.北京地区大气污染物区域分布特征是,除城区四环明显较高外,城区正北面、西南面(北京-保定方向)、东南面(北京-天津方向)较高,西北面(北京-张家口方向)较低. 相似文献
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重庆南山马尾松衰亡与土壤铝活化的关系 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
研究了重庆南山马尾松衰亡与铝中毒的关系.发现南山土壤中活性铝含量相当高,而活性钙含量很低,轻灾区和重灾区的Al/Ca比都已超过伤害植物的阈值.试验结果表明,铝活化是土壤严重酸化的后果.溶液培养试验结果表明,铝对马尾松幼苗生长有明显毒害作用,且毒性最大的形态是Al~(3+),铝中毒是南山酸雨危害马尾松的主要原因. 相似文献
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Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of urban plants in Beijing 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. Urban plants play an important role in reducing particulate pollution. Physicochemical characteristics of ambient particles settling upon leaf surfaces of eleven roadside plants at four sites of Beijing were studies. Results showed that density of particles on the leaf surfaces greatly varied with plant species and traffic condition. Fraxinus chiuensis, Sophora japonica Ailanthus altissima, Syringa oblata and Prunus persica, had larger densities of particles among the tall species. Due to resuspension of road dust, the densities of particles of Euonymus japonicns and Parthenocissus quinquefolia with low sampling height were 2-35 times to other taller tree species. For test plant species, micro-roughness of leaf surfaces and density of particles showed a close correlation. In general, the larger micro-roughness of leaf surfaces is, the larger density of particles is. Particles settling upon leaf surfaces were dominantly PM30 (particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 98.4%) and PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; 64.2%) which were closely relative to human health. Constant elements of particles were C, O, K, Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Na, Fe, S, Cl and minerals with higher content were SiO2, CaCO3, CaMg(CO3)2, NaCI and 2CASO4. H2O, SiO2. CaCO3 and CaMg(CO3)2 mainly came from resuspension of road dust. 2CaSO4. H2O was produced by the reaction between CaCO3 derived from earth dust or industrial emission and SO2, H2SO4 or sulfate. NaCl was derived from sea salt. 相似文献