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本文运用医学地理学、医学气象学及医学磁学等新兴交叉学科的基本原理,分析武汉市36a来机动车辆交通事故与太阳黑子相对数的相关关系。结果表明:二者之间既有11a周期的正相关变化规律,又有22a周期的负相关变化规律。并对太阳黑子活动影响交通事故发生的可能机理进行了初讨。 相似文献
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道路交通事故灾害的分析与对策 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
我国发生的交通事故次数、伤亡人数、经济损失一直呈现高速增长趋势.道路交通事故是一种人为灾害,本文分析了决定道路交通事故的人、车、路等关联因素,指出超载运输是当前及今后威胁我国道路交通安全的主要问题,减轻交通事故灾害的关键是提高人的素质和依靠法制进行科学管理. 相似文献
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大型公共场所人群拥挤踩踏事故机理初探 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
近年来的事故灾害统计分析表明人群拥挤踩踏事故已逐步成为大型公共聚集场所的主要人为事故灾害类型之一.与火灾等常见人为事故灾害不同,人群拥挤踩踏事故的发生极其突然,社会影响重大.从人群拥挤踩踏事故的致因机理及承载体人群的运动规律开展相关研究,基于风险理论、事故突变等理论方法提出了人群拥挤踩踏事故风险(四阶段)理论,并构建了理论模型,对理论模型中的参数求解进行了阐述.人群拥挤踩踏事故风险理论研究可以为揭示人群聚集相关事故成因机制及形成演变规律提供一些有益的尝试及参考,其中的相关理论模型可供大型建筑(如奥运赛场)性能化设计、人群安全疏散及管理等工作参考. 相似文献
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排导槽是泥石流治理常用的工程措施,泥石流若在槽内淤积,将极大影响排导槽防治效果。目前国内现行规范中没有关于排导槽淤积情况计算的相关条款,导致排导槽被泥石流淤埋的工程事故时有发生。鉴于此,分析了排导槽淤堵的常见原因,对现有的一些排导槽淤积验算公式进行了分析和整理,提出了一套基于槽宽验算、槽内泥深及流速验算等公式的排导槽防淤设计验算方法。该方法在雅(安)泸(沽)高速公路沿线某泥石流沟V型排导槽淤埋事故的处理中进行了应用,重建的排导槽经受了2011年6月17日特大暴雨形成的泥石流的考验,说明该方法实施效果良好,可供相关研究与设计参考。 相似文献
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地铁盾构坍塌事故中施工人员安全能力分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
地铁项目大规模建设的同时,灾难性的施工事故不断发生。施工人员的不安全行为是事故发生的直接因素,但是,不安全行为正是安全能力匮乏的外在表现。施工人员安全能力的强弱直接影响到是否发生施工事故。在构建施工人员安全能力模型的基础上,分析了施工人员安全能力的形成机理。同时,通过分析地铁施工事故原因,认为地铁施工人员安全能力的大小就体现在施工人员感觉到事故隐患、做出事故隐患危险判断,进而对事故隐患进行正确响应的过程中,并对导致盾构法坍塌事故的事故隐患进行了分析。最后,以一个实际发生的盾构法施工坍塌事故为例,分析了施工人员安全能力在事故发生过程中的体现,从而准确确定了施工人员出现失误的时段,以保障地铁施工安全。 相似文献
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G2京津塘高速公路万辆车流的交通事故灾害与气象综合指数的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过整理G2京津塘高速公路3年(2007年3月至2010年2月)逐日逐时万辆车流的交通事故灾害和交通流量及气象要素资料,并将万辆车流的交通事故灾害(交通事故灾害与交通流量之商)与同步气象综合指数进行日变化相关分析;结果表明:平均万辆车流的交通事故灾害的日变化最高峰出现在05时,年平均高峰值高达2.34起·辆-1·10-4;年度、春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的平均万辆车流的交通事故灾害与同步气象综合指数均呈正抛物线的偏右侧相关,即万辆车流的交通事故灾害随气象综合指数的加大而增多;统计学检验(R>Rα=0.01和F>Fa=0.01)效果很好.四个季节的万辆车流的交通事故灾害与气象综合指数相关的系数高达0.7781~0.8537.为了更好地将自动气象监测信息服务于高速公路交通安全,在分析成果的基础上设计出了高速公路万辆车流的交通事故灾害的气象综合指数风险等级指标,以期为高速公路交通安全提供客观的科学依据. 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of research investigating the impact of flooding on the temporal aspect of transport accessibility at national, regional and local levels in the Mazovia Province – an administrative region in Poland. For the purposes of this study the authors measured the theoretical journey times by private transport between settlement units for two variants: journeys made under normal circumstances, that is, without a flood; and journeys made during a flood event, which would necessitate diversions to avoid flooded road sections. This allowed the theoretical journey time differences to be calculated. It was assumed that vehicles move at the highest permissible speed along routes allowing the shortest travel times. The methods of accessibility assessment employed in this paper are based on distance measurements and use isochrones and a cumulative approach. Analysis carried out by the authors has shown that for interregional, intraregional and local journeys, the flooding of a part of the Mazovia region results in changes in travel times, but their absolute and relative magnitudes vary widely. It was found that in the case of national scale journeys the majority of relative journey time increases were no greater than three times the normal duration, while on a local scale they do not exceed 75%. For areas with a high risk of flooding there should be obligatory analyses of changes in transport accessibility; this would facilitate effective flood risk management. Appropriate traffic management in crisis situations would facilitate emergency and rescue services and help inhabitants and any other persons in flooded areas. 相似文献
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环境污染事故灾害现已成为环境灾害中不可忽视的灾种之一,严重威胁着人们生命与财产的安全,并制约着环境经济社会的持续稳定发展。本文根据山东省近几年环境污染事故灾害的状况,系统分析了其特点与环境影响,并提出了相应的防减灾对策。 相似文献
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对灾害研究中几个问题的思考 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对灾害研究中有关的几个问题进行了探讨。认为: 灾害学是最重要的自然社会科学; 人文灾害比自然灾害更具毁灭性; 研究人文灾害中的公路交通事故、核战争问题、人口问题、环境污染问题等具有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。 相似文献
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SHAN Xiuzheng 《中国减灾(英文版)》2001,(2)
1Catastrophology is an extremely importantnatural- social science.Health and longevity are the common wishes of humanity,and peace and progress are thecommon goals of society.Calamities,either natural or human,are harmful to the health andlongevity of human beings,bring about economic damages and impede the prosperity andprogress of human society. The phylogeny of human society is indeed a chronicle of struggleswith various disasters.To date,the study of disasters and hazards has developed int… 相似文献
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利用粗糙集理论,在分析大量事故案例的基础上,构建城市燃气管道破坏事故的灾害演化网络模型,找出网络中各灾害事件的诱发因素,在此基础上,对诱发因素进行分级,并将分级的诱发因素作为条件属性,将各灾害事件是否发生作为决策属性;根据条件属性和决策属性,建立相应的数据信息表;对数据信息表中信息进行处理与计算,得到各个条件属性的上近似、下近似、正域,进而比较和计算分析得出可约简的条件属性,在此基础上,给出危机事件基于粗糙集的信息提取与不同条件下危机事件的预测分析。以交通封锁和交通堵塞两个危机事件的诱发过程为例来阐述上述方法,给出了在不同演化条件下交通封锁和交通堵塞是否发生以及发生概率。 相似文献
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针对复合硅橡胶套管时常发生雨闪事故,严重影响电网安全稳定运行的问题,对雨闪事故原因进行分析研究,提出了在复合硅橡胶套管上增加辅助伞裙的设计方案。应用结果表明: 采用增加辅助伞裙的方法能有效的避免雨闪事故的发生,保证电网安全可靠运行,同时具有显著的经济效益。 相似文献
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Jacob Høigilt 《Disasters》2019,43(Z2):S169-S186
A rights‐based approach (RBA) to humanitarian aid is intrinsic to Norwegian policy and should inform Norwegian aid to the Occupied Palestinian Territories, one of the main receivers of Norwegian aid. However, this is the case only to a limited extent. While Norwegian humanitarian non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) take RBA seriously, and design their projects in accordance with its principles, they are unable to pursue a programme of long‐term structural change. This is because the main duty‐bearer, Israel, is indifferent or hostile to their work, while Norway's foreign policy is given higher priority than following through a rights‐based agenda. The result of this situation is a large, long‐standing aid effort that is unable to provide more than temporary relief in a steadily deteriorating situation. The Palestinian case suggests that RBA in humanitarianism may lead to frustration rather than human liberation when not backed up by political power. 相似文献
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Although the development community has long recognised that securing land tenure and improving housing design can benefit significantly informal settlement residents, there is little research on these issues in communities exposed to natural disasters and hazards. Informal settlements often are located on land left vacant because of inherent risks, such as floodplains, and there is a long history worldwide of disasters affecting informal settlements. This research tackles the following questions: how can informal settlement vulnerabilities be reduced in a post‐disaster setting?; and what are the key issues to address in post‐disaster reconstruction? The main purpose of the paper is to develop a set of initial guidelines for post‐disaster risk reduction in informal settlements, stressing connections to tenure and housing/community design in the reconstruction process. The paper examines disaster and reconstruction responses in two disaster‐affected regions—Jimani, Dominican Republic, and Vargas State, Venezuela—where informal settlements have been hit particularly hard. 相似文献