共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 281 毫秒
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耐臭氧老化能力,是橡胶电线电缆重要质量指标之一。本文叙述改制XY—1臭氧发生器的发气结构、增加老化室和尾气处理等装置,使之成为试验设备的经验,可供参考。 相似文献
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近年来,液体硅橡胶(Liquid Silicone Rubber,LSR)已经在外绝缘领域得到了较为广泛的应用,但是目前对其耐老化性能的研究还不够深入。尤其是在中国南方地区使用时,高温、高湿环境更容易导致液体硅橡胶的老化。在许多地区都观察到了电流、电压互感器的液体硅橡胶绝缘外套的龟裂、老化现象,对设备的安全运行产生了影响。本文设计并实施了在光照、高温、高湿、电晕等老化因素作用下的液体硅橡胶人工老化试验,并对老化试验后的样品进行了硬度、力学性能、憎水性、光泽度以及SEM、FTIR等微观性能试验和分析。认为在光照作用下,高温、高湿环境对液体硅橡胶具有加速老化作用,表现为硬度上升、憎水性下降、光泽度下降,并且在表面出现细微裂纹。 相似文献
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《环境技术》2001,19(4):47-48
《气候试验仪和大气暴露试验结果的比较》--《长野县林业综合センタ-业务报告》1999.(1998).84-85(日):对广告牌用的透明涂装木材,比较了用近似太阳光照射条件的气候试验仪进行的加速老化试验和大气暴露试验的结果.涂装预处理使用丙烯酸涂料,透明涂装使用丁二烯涂料.通过色差、光泽、接触角、涂膜缺陷率评价了老化,反映出了利用气候试验仪进行的加速老化和利用大气暴露进行的涂装耐候性的优劣,得知了大气暴露角度低则暴露环境变得严酷,加快老化,此时,耐候性差的预处理会受暴露角度的影响. 《以ISO为中心的老化评价试验技术》--《涂装技术》1999.38(10).102-105 (日):介绍了涂料/涂膜缺陷的评价及试验方法.对ISO中的主要相关标准及使用体会进行了阐述,还介绍了为使ISO标准更完善而进行的研讨状况. 《聚乙烯衬里钢管的彩色化》--《防锖防食技术发表大会讲演予稿集》1999.19th.107-110(日):题记钢管因其耐蚀性和长期耐久性而被广泛使用,考虑到美观问题还要求彩色化.最近已可以通过特殊预涂处理进行表面着色,因此使用各种涂料进行了附着性试验,以及利用户外曝露试验和盐雾试验进行了耐久性和耐候性的确认.试材的制作是利用粉末热粘砂法在钢板上进行聚乙烯衬里,将其表面分为3部分,各自经过预涂处理、砂纸机械粘砂、表面改性的基底处理,然后刷涂上6种涂料进行比较.特殊预涂处理获得了良好的结果.举出了根据上述结果而制作的4个实用例. 《臭氧对涂膜耐久性变化的影响》--《材料と环境讨论会讲演集》 1999.46th.379-382(日): 为了掌握臭氧对涂膜耐久性的影响, 把各种防腐蚀涂膜暴露在高浓度的臭氧环境中, 与紫外线照射、连续盐水喷雾进行了比较. 结果发现臭氧不但影响涂膜表面性能, 而且对涂膜内部的性能也有影响. 在实际环境中臭氧和紫外线对涂膜的影响比例约为0.3∶1. 在臭氧等氧化性成分多的环境中, 不能无视臭氧对涂膜性能的影响. 《具有光稳定化结构的高耐候性预涂钢板的耐蚀性》--《材料とプロセス》1999.12(6).1351(日): 调查了涂膜不因太阳光而老化厉害的题记钢板的耐蚀性.使用经铬酸盐光泽处理过的热浸镀锌钢板,制作出加入了耐候性好的光稳定剂HALS的丙烯酸涂料预涂钢板,通过耐候性试验及循环腐蚀试验与一般聚酯涂料钢板进行了比较,结果得知在耐候性试验和循环腐蚀试验中,题记钢板的耐蚀性比一般预涂钢板要好. 《新的铝电泳涂装复合被膜的耐候性》--《アルミニウム研究会志》1999.(6).10-17(日):介绍新的灰色无光漆电泳涂装复合被膜,并基于加速耐候性试验和大气暴露试验结果评价了其耐候性. 《利用交流阻抗法进行粉末涂装钢板的耐久性评价》--《表面技术协会讲演大会讲演要旨集》1999.100th.238-239(日):使用交流阻抗法开发了快速评价粉末涂装钢板耐蚀性的方法.在加速耐候性试验后和户外暴露试验后研讨了涂膜种类(树脂、颜料)对涂装耐久性的影响.从加速耐候性试验后涂膜电阻的时效变化中明确得知了涂膜种类对供试材耐久性的影响,确认了水分是涂膜老化的重要因素.而在户外暴露试验后,没有看到涂膜种类对涂膜电阻的影响. 《有关钢制烟囱涂装修改技术的研究》--《日本建筑学会学术讲演梗概集A-1材料施工》1999.619-620(日):对具有延伸性的涂装规格进行了180天加速腐蚀试验,评价了其防锈性能.试验体是以钢板作基材,通过户外暴露使之腐蚀,按涂料厂家的标准规格用毛刷涂装至中涂层,再使用硬化了的试验体进行180天复合循环试验,评价了生锈的状况.另外,测量了涂膜的交流阻抗,比较了防锈性能,同时在冲压加工部位评价了对钢材变形的随着性. 《有关寒冷地带防蚀涂装耐久性的研究》--《土木学会论文集》1999.(630).11-25(日):根据暴露试验和实桥试验,评价了冰海用涂料和新的寒冷地带用重防蚀涂料等超厚膜型涂装系的性能.从10年暴露试验,8年实桥试验结果得知:以富锌漆作底漆,使用了环氧+聚氨脂或氟树脂涂料的涂装系防蚀性良好;超厚膜型涂装系如果使用耐候性好的面涂涂料的话则也可以用作重防蚀涂装系;而邻苯二甲酸、氯化橡胶系涂料早期会产生裂纹、剥落等,不适宜作寒冷地带用涂料. 《考虑了景观性的重防蚀被覆材料的长期耐久性》--《防锖管理》2000(3).103-106(日):对用于景观设计的着色重防蚀被覆材料进行了加速试验及5年大气暴露试验,调查了其长期耐久性.结果得知聚乙烯因老化防止剂和颜料,聚氨酯因颜料而受到较大影响. (广州电器科学研究所) 相似文献
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典型大气环境玻璃钢天线罩聚氨酯涂层工艺老化行为研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过南海海洋大气环境、海南万宁湿热乡村大气环境、西藏拉萨高原大气环境户外大气暴露对玻璃钢基灭线罩聚氨酯涂层工艺进行了老化试验,运用光泽、颜色、粉化率、SEM等手段测试了涂层在户外大气暴露的性能变化和表面形貌,并进行对比分析。结果表明,在相同大气环境中,工艺玻璃钢板/雷达罩底漆/浅灰航天聚氨酯涂层耐候性能优于工艺玻璃钢板/环氧聚酰胺/弹性聚氨酯磁漆涂层的耐侯性能;对于同种工艺,西沙海洋大气环境对其耐侯性的影响最大,其次是万宁湿热乡村环境,拉萨高原环境影响较小;光照、温度、湿度是涂层老化的主要原因。 相似文献
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攀枝花市区臭氧污染负荷逐年上升,盐边县城区近年来臭氧污染负荷均高于20%,臭氧污染已成为影响城市空气质量的重要因素。对2017年1月~2020年2月攀枝花市区和盐边县城区臭氧污染物浓度时空变化规律和相关性进行了研究,并结合攀枝花各地太阳能和天气网记录的气象数据,统计了太阳辐射强度、紫外线辐射强度、日最高气温、日平均风向、季节气候等气象要素与出现臭氧污染的概率。研究表明,攀枝花市区和盐边县城区两地春、夏季较易出现臭氧污染,春季臭氧浓度持续高值时数最多,夏季臭氧浓度持续高值影响时数次之,两地臭氧污染物浓度变化有极强相关性。此外,臭氧浓度与气象条件密切关系,当紫外辐射强度大于30W/m2时,臭氧污染的几率为5%~8%,最高日气温值29℃~36℃之间时易出现臭氧污染,攀枝花市区臭氧污染受西向气流影响最重,盐边县城区臭氧污染受南向气流影响最重,盐边城区臭氧污染主要受攀枝花市区影响。根据臭氧污染物浓度时空变化规律和气象条件,开展区域臭氧前体物排放调控,将有效改善地区环境空气质量。 相似文献
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铁路作为国民经济大动脉、国家重要基础设施和大众化交通工具,在国民经济和社会生活中的作用至关重要。电连接器是铁路车辆设备的关键器件之一,有着很高的安全性和可靠性要求。着重分析了轨道交通电连接器标准中的电性能、机械性能和环境适应性的试验方法,并对这些标准进行了对比总结。经分析发现,更新版本的标准比被替换的标准增加了试验项目,细化了试验条件。然而,目前国内轨道交通电连接器的标准版本相对落后,仅GB/T 25022和GB/T 25023为2010年发布实施。亟需新的标准或试验方法以指导轨道交通电连接器的质量检测和认证。 相似文献
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Four satellites have been used in meteorology. They are TIROS, ESSA, Nimbus, and Applications Technology Satellite (ATS). The first three operate in the orbital altitudes of about 1000 to 1200 km while the fourth, ATS, is at geosynchronous altitude of 36,000 km. Cloud cover is being observed operationally from low orbit and experimentally from synchronous altitude. Wind velocity has been inferred from the frequent cloud cover pictures taken by ATS and satellite-balloon systems are being developed which will locate and track constant-density level balloons for determining wind flow. Spectrometers and radiometers operating in the electromagnetic spectral region from the ultraviolet to the microwave region are being developed to quantitatively measure temperature, water vapor, density, and wind profiles. These will furnish data for the development and testing of atmospheric models for numerical prediction. In addition, experiments are being developed to measure ozone and other constituents of the air, solar energy, surface conditions, heat balance and other atmospheric attributes which affect the structure and dynamics of the atmosphere. 相似文献
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本文针对PVC塑料型材老化现象,从引起PVC塑料型材老化的基本观点、人工老化试验、不同地区气候老化影响、老化导致变色的影响因素等方面进行了讨论,提出了解决PVC塑料型材老化现象意见. 相似文献
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本文针对PVC塑料型材老化现象,从引起PVC塑料型材老化的基本观点、人工老化试验、不同地区气候老化影响、老化导致变色的影响因素等方面进行了讨论,提出了解决PVC塑料型材老化现象意见. 相似文献
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Byun DW Kim S Czader B Nowak D Stetson S Estes M 《Journal of environmental management》2005,75(4):285-301
The Houston-Galveston Area (HGA) is one of the most severe ozone non-attainment regions in the US. To study the effectiveness of controlling anthropogenic emissions to mitigate regional ozone nonattainment problems, it is necessary to utilize adequate datasets describing the environmental conditions that influence the photochemical reactivity of the ambient atmosphere. Compared to the anthropogenic emissions from point and mobile sources, there are large uncertainties in the locations and amounts of biogenic emissions. For regional air quality modeling applications, biogenic emissions are not directly measured but are usually estimated with meteorological data such as photo-synthetically active solar radiation, surface temperature, land type, and vegetation database. In this paper, we characterize these meteorological input parameters and two different land use land cover datasets available for HGA: the conventional biogenic vegetation/land use data and satellite-derived high-resolution land cover data. We describe the procedures used for the estimation of biogenic emissions with the satellite derived land cover data and leaf mass density information. Air quality model simulations were performed using both the original and the new biogenic emissions estimates. The results showed that there were considerable uncertainties in biogenic emissions inputs. Subsequently, ozone predictions were affected up to 10 ppb, but the magnitudes and locations of peak ozone varied each day depending on the upwind or downwind positions of the biogenic emission sources relative to the anthropogenic NOx and VOC sources. Although the assessment had limitations such as heterogeneity in the spatial resolutions, the study highlighted the significance of biogenic emissions uncertainty on air quality predictions. However, the study did not allow extrapolation of the directional changes in air quality corresponding to the changes in LULC because the two datasets were based on vastly different LULC category definitions and uncertainties in the vegetation distributions. 相似文献
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Taiwan's implementation of the 1997 Air Pollution Emissions Fees Program will conceivably lead to long-term reductions in pollution emissions. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the benefits to Taiwan from the expected reduction in crop losses as a direct result of such a decrease in air pollution. We employ a demand-supply framework for rice production to estimate the change in social welfare resulting from changes in the concentration of certain pollutants in the atmosphere. Our empirical results show that, in the year 1997, social welfare increments resulting from the decline in sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere ranged between US dollars 946200 and US dollars 2435800. Meanwhile, during the same period, the increase in social welfare due to the decline in the ozone concentration in the atmosphere ranged between US dollars 838100 and US dollars 1927000. The average benefit from the reduction in both sulfur dioxide and ozone concentrations is calculated to be between US dollars 2.67 and US dollars 6.86 per acre (for sulfur dioxide), and from US dollars 2.36 to US dollars 5.43 per acre (for ozone). 相似文献
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应对气候变化问题的法律调整机制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
杨倩 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2007,17(1):16-18
气候变化的不确定性决定对于其带来的不良环境影响也不能做出确切的预测。《联合国气候变化框架公约》、《京都议定书》及《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》的缔结和生效为各国一致行动提供了国际法上的依据。应当加强气候变化的科学研究,制定实施有效的政策法律措施,同时施加我国的大国影响,推动气候变化问题的国际解决进程。 相似文献
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Water is a resource that is essential for all life on Earth. An exponentially growing human population, in addition to unprecedented
industrial and technological development, threaten the availability and quality of this resource. Climate change and ozone
depletion are two major environmental problems facing mankind today. These problems have the potential to further strain currently
available freshwater resources. Recent research has shown that climate change and ozone depletion are linked phenomena and
their interaction exacerbates their impact. Changes in precipitation, surface runoff, solar UV radiation, temperatures, and
evaporation are some of the predicted outcomes of climate change and ozone depletion. They influence the biogeochemical cycles
and aquatic ecosystems in lakes and rivers, and alter the character of natural organic matter (NOM) and, consequently, they
have the potential to affect the quality, quantity and treatability of our water resources. Given these uncertainties, and
the need to mitigate the consequences of climate change and ozone depletion, the issues of changing water quality, quantity
and treatability cannot be ignored by Australian governments and water utilities. 相似文献