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基于BP神经网络城市环境噪声预测及实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
城市噪声污染严重影响着人们的生活与工作,采用合适的方法对噪声污染进行评价并预测,进而提出有效的预防及治理措施是噪声污染防治的关键问题,文章利用灰色关联分析选取了影响环境噪声的主要因素,采用BP(Back propagation,BP)神经网络对北京市1994~2006年的环境噪声污染进行评价并预测,验证结果误差较小,说明基于灰色关联的BP神经网络能够有效地对城市环境噪声污染进行评价和预测。 相似文献
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为解决家用空调器噪声污染纠纷日益增多的问题,以一居民住宅楼为例,对家用空调噪声影响进行了监测与评价,并提出了防治措施。 相似文献
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兰州市交通噪声污染现状及评价 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
分析了兰州市交通噪声污染现状和危害,并运用模糊数学原理对兰州市交通噪声污染现状进行评价。得出兰州市总体交通噪声目前属于中度污染,在总结国内外城市交通噪声最新研究成果的基础上。提出了提高兰州市声环境质量的综合治理思路。 相似文献
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广州白云国际机场噪声污染评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对广州白云国际机场噪声污染现状的分析和评价,表明,飞机起飞和降落时产生的噪声污染严重。地处航线下的荔湾区10多家中小学的教学活动、医院的医疗活动以及居民的生活、学习、工作由于飞机的频繁升降,均受到了不同程度的影响。对拟建的新白云国际机场噪声污染的预测表明,2005年在LWECPN>85dB环境下生活的人数约1.35万,80dB~85dB环境下生活的人数约2.3万,75dB~80dB环境下生活的人数约5.1万,70dB~75dB环境下生活的人数约10.1万。 相似文献
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This paper presents the chemical speciation and retention behavior of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) prior to
and after the electrokinetic remediation in glacial till soil. The speciation of the metals was predicted using the chemical
speciation program MINEQL+. The simulations were performed for single-contaminant with only Cr(VI) or Ni, and multi-contaminants consisting of: (1)
Cr(VI), Ni, and Cd; (2) Cr(III), Ni and Cd; (3) Cr(VI), Cr(III), Ni and Cd; (4) Cr(VI), Ni, and Cd with reducing agents; and
(5) Cr(III), Ni, and Cd with oxidizing agent (Mn). The results showed that the speciation and distribution of cationic metals
[Ni, Cd, and Cr(III)] in glacial till soil remain unaffected or slightly affected during electrokinetics. This is attributed
to the high pH buffering capacity of the glacial till, leading the metals to precipitate in the soil prior to and after electrokinetics.
This study showed that during electrokinetics, Cr(VI) existed as anionic complex and migrated towards the anode and the migration
is maximum in case of a single-contaminant system. The study also showed that near the anode in the absence of any reducing
and oxidizing agent, Cr(VI) mostly adsorbed, and some of Cr(VI) reduced to Cr(III) and migrated towards the cathode and finally
precipitated due to high pH conditions. Ni and Cd remain adsorbed or precipitated due to the high pH conditions throughout
the soil. Among the reducing agents, the sulfide had significant effect on the migration of metals compared to ferrous ions.
While in the presence of oxidizing agent (Mn), no noticeable Cr(VI) was found in the soil sample indicating the reduction
of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and the predominance of reducing conditions due to the presence of naturally occurring iron in the glacial
till soil. Overall, this study provides a reasonable explanation of the speciation and distribution of chromium, nickel and
cadmium during the electrokinetic remediation of glacial till soil. 相似文献
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根据2011—2018年河北省近岸海域海水、入海河流、降水中氮和磷的监测数据,分析了海水中氮和磷的变化趋势及其影响因素。结果表明:2011—2018年,河北省近岸海域海水中无机氮(DIN)和无机磷(DIP)的平均浓度均低于第二类海水水质标准,海域富营养化状况以贫营养和轻度富营养为主,超标(第二类海水水质标准限值)点位和中度、重富营养区域主要集中在沧州市近岸海域。河北省近岸海域海水中DIN的平均浓度在2011—2014年、2015—2017年呈现阶段性上升趋势,2018年大幅下降;DIP的平均浓度在2011—2013年无明显波动,2014年陡增后开始逐年下降;N/P在2011—2014年无明显变化,2015—2018年呈逐年上升趋势。自2016年起,入海河流中氨氮和总磷的平均浓度、降水中氨氮的平均浓度均呈逐年下降趋势。近岸海域海水、入海河流、降水中的氮和磷表现出一定的相关性和协同性,陆源污染输入总量降低是海水中氮磷浓度降低的主要原因。应警惕污染物控制力度的不同所导致的海水中生源要素结构的改变,及其引发的潜在海洋生态风险。 相似文献
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Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hall JP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,67(1-2):109-119
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Ellis A. M. Franssen Brigit A. M. Staatsen Erik Lebret 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2002,22(6)
In this article a comprehensive approach for the evaluation of possible health effects in an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is described, illustrated with the example of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Unlike many EIAs, we estimated quantitatively the impact of aircraft-related pollution in terms of the number of affected people for aircraft noise annoyance, odour annoyance and hypertension. In addition, an analysis of health registry data on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and a short survey on annoyance and risk perception were carried out. The scope of a health impact assessment depends on the situation, available knowledge and data, concern in the population about the impact and the number of people concerned. It is important to pay attention to the perception of risks and concerns from all parties involved. Moreover, the results demonstrate that far more people outside the area for which standards apply were affected than inside. 相似文献
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Factors influencing the sinuosity of Pannagon River, Kottayam, Kerala, India: An assessment using remote sensing and GIS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present study was carried out to identify the factors influencing the sinuosity of the Pannagon river, using the IRS P6
LISS III data and Geographical Information System (GIS) on 1:50,000 scale. The river follows meandering course and exhibits
a narrow, highly sinuous and incised channel. Several lines of evidence including satellite and topographic data, geological
maps and field investigations and the generated themes on lithology, structure, geomorphology, slope, riparian vegetation
and hydrology have analyzed to understand the controls on the channel morphology of the Pannagon river. The average of sinuosity
index of the selected reaches in the river on 1967 was 1.6 and of 2004 was 1.8. The sinuous patches are more in the lower
reaches of the river and most of the area comes under floodplain with thick column of alluvial deposits. The analysis shown
that the style and degree of sinuosity of the Pannagon river depends on a number of geological factors, including tectonics
and the riparian vegetation also plays a major role. 相似文献
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Changes in agricultural land use are responsible for significant modifications in mountain landscapes. This study is part
of an interdisciplinary research on the processes and consequences of spontaneous afforestation of Pyrenean landscapes by
ash, and the possibilities for its management. We address the relationships between vegetation dynamics and land-use change
from the combination of an agricultural study of change in farm management and an ecological study of grassland colonization
by ash. In the framework of a village case study, we characterized parcels management and land-use histories, and analyzed
the dynamics of the composition of grassland vegetation communities. From a joint analysis of the results obtained in each
discipline, we discuss the limitations and complementarities of the two approaches for the interdisciplinary assessment of
the afforestation process. 相似文献
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Atmospheric Change and Biodiversity in the Arctic 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Roger I. C. Hansell Jay R. Malcolm Harold Welch Robert L. Jefferies Peter A. Scott 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,49(2-3):303-325
The Canadian Arctic is characterized by a high variation in landform types and there are complex interactions between land, water and the atmosphere which dramatically affect the distribution of biota. Biodiversity depends upon the intensity, predictability and scale of these interactions. Observations, as well as predictions of large-scale climate models which include ocean circulation, reveal an anomalous cooling of northeastern Canada in recent decades, in contrast to the overall significant increase in average annual temperature in the Northern Hemisphere. Predictions from models are necessary to forecast the change in the treeline in the 21st century which may lead to a major loss of tundra. The rate of change in vegetation in response to climate change is poorly understood. The treeline in central Canada, for example, is showing infilling with trees, and in some locations, northerly movement of the boundary. The presence of sea ice in Hudson Bay and other coastal areas is a major factor affecting interactions between the marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Loss of ice and therefore hunting of seals by polar bears will reduce bear and arctic fox populations within the region. In turn, this is likely to have significant effects on their herbivorous prey populations and forage plants. Further, the undersurface of sea ice is a major site for the growth of algae and marine invertebrates which in turn act as food for the marine food web. A rise in sea-level may flood coastal saltmarsh communities leading to changes in plant assemblages and a decline in foraging by geese and other consumers. The anomalous cooling in the eastern Arctic, primarily in late winter and early spring, has interrupted northern migration of breeding populations of geese and ducks and led to increased damage to vegetation in southern arctic saltmarshes as a result of foraging. It is likely that there has been a significant loss of invertebrates in those areas where the vegetation has been destroyed. Warming will have major effects on permafrost distribution and on ground-ice resulting in a major destabilization of slopes and slumping of soil, and disruption of tundra plant communities. Disruption of peat and moss surfaces lead to loss of insulation, an increase in active-layer depth and changes in drainage and plant assemblages. Increases of UV-B radiation will strongly affect vulnerable populations of both plants and animals. The indigenous peoples will face major changes in life style, edibility of food and health standards, if there is a significant warming trend. The great need is for information which is sensitive to the changes and will assist in developing an understanding of the complex interactions of the arctic biota, human populations and the physical environment. 相似文献
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Particle-phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Non-catalysed, In-use Four-stroke Scooters 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Spezzano P Picini P Cataldi D Messale F Manni C Santino D 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,127(1-3):105-117
Metals and radionuclide levels in marine birds of the Aleutians are of interest because they are part of subsistence diets
of the Aleut people, and can also serve as indicators of marine pollution. We examined geographic and species-specific variations
in concentrations of radionuclides in birds and their eggs from Amchitka, the site of underground nuclear tests from 1965
to 1971, and Kiska Islands (a reference site) in the Aleutians, and the levels of lead, mercury and cadmium in eggs. In 2004
we collected common eiders (Somateria mollissima), tufted puffins (Fratercula cirrhata), pigeon guillemot (Cepphus columba) and glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens) from Amchitka and Kiska, and eggs from eiders and gulls from the two island. We also collected one runt bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chick from both Amchitka and Kiska Islands. For most species, the levels of radionuclide isotopes were below the minimum
detectable activity levels (MDA). Out of 74 cesium-137 analyses, only one composite (gulls) was above the MDA, and out of
14 composites tested for plutonium (Pu-239, 240), only one exceeded the MDA (a guillemots). Three composites out of 14 tested
had detectable uranium-238. In all cases, the levels were low and close to the MDAs, and were below those reported for other
seabirds. There were significant interspecific differences in metal levels in eggs: gulls had significantly higher levels
of cadmium and mercury than the eiders, and eiders had higher levels of lead than gulls. There were few significant differences
as a function of island, but eiders had significantly higher levels of cadmium in eggs from Kiska, and gulls had significantly
higher levels of mercury on Kiska. The levels of cadmium and mercury in eggs of eiders and gulls from this study were above
the median for cadmium and mercury from studies in the literature. The levels of mercury in eggs are within the range known
to affect avian predators, but seabirds seem less vulnerable to mercury than other birds. However, the levels of mercury are
within the action levels for humans, suggesting some cause for concern if subsistence Aleuts eat a large quantity of eggs. 相似文献
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Monitoring morphological and vegetation changes and flow events in dryland river channels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hooke JM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,127(1-3):445-457
Monitoring of impacts of floods in river valleys of dryland regions has become important with the onset and threats of desertification
and is likely to become even more vital with predictions of increased effects of climate and land use change. It is also needed
in order to conform to requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive. Monitoring in such regions sets particular challenges.
This paper explains a system of low-cost monitoring of changes in morphology, vegetation and sediment cover in channels and
valley floors of ephemerally flowing streams. It has been applied in SE Spain for 10 years and has proved very effective.
In particular, the use of simple crest-stage recorders for measuring flow height and the use of real-time differential GPS
for rapid and accurate survey and for relocating points have proved very valuable. Part of the monitoring is focused on the
interaction of plants and channel processes. Small changes in and around vegetation associated with flow events have been
detected by a combination of quadrat surveys and cross-profiling of the channel. A range of flow events has been measured
over the period of monitoring, demonstrating their differing effects and the varying sensitivity and responsiveness of different
sites. The sporadic occurrence of flood events in such an environment means that a strategy of monitoring several sites and
of continuation over many years has great benefits. 相似文献
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2020年4月29日,第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议表决通过了新修订的《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》(以下简称《固废法》)。此次修订,进一步巩固并完善了固体废物污染环境防治的基本原则。笔者从法律原则自身的变化和指导法律制度设计2个层面,对几项原则进行深入分析:在减量化、资源化和无害化原则方面,强化固体废物污染防治减量化和资源化的约束性规定同时,突出无害化底线要求;在污染担责原则方面,进一步明确"污染者"内涵和其应承担的责任;在生产者责任延伸原则方面,明确了电器电子、铅蓄电池、车用动力电池等产品实施生产者责任延伸制度的法律地位;在全过程管理原则方面,强化了对工业固废、建筑垃圾等固体废物的全过程监管及信息化监控的要求。还介绍了固体废物污染环境防治原则在发达国家和地区的立法情况,以及在中国的实践情况。 相似文献