2008年春季呼和浩特沙尘天气与TSP和PM_(10)污染的关系

利用TSP和PM10逐时监测数据,对2008年春季呼和浩特市TSP和PM10浓度的变化及其在沙尘天气过程中的相关性进行了分析,结果表明:(1)2008年春季TSP和PM10浓度值多高于国家环境空气质量二级标准,沙尘天气是影响空气环境质量的主要诱因。(2)TSP和PM10浓度在沙尘暴发生当日及前后几天均会有不同程度的增加,且以沙尘天气发生当日浓度最大。TSP和PM10浓度3月份最低,4月份次之,5月份最高。(3)不同沙尘天气过程中,TSP和PM10浓度相差明显,且TSP与PM10/TSP值随沙尘天气强度的增加而增大,PM10在不同沙尘天气过程中均为主要组成成分。(4)沙尘天气过程中TSP与PM10呈线性相关。     

鞍山市TSP及PM10相关性分析研究

分别在冬季及夏季选取具有典型气候特性的天气,采集空气中TSP和PM10.根据采样前、后滤膜重量之差及采样标况体积,计算TSP质量浓度,分析了TSP和PM10在大气中污染状况,研究了TSP和PM10的相关性及PM10占TSP的比例,并得出结论:在冬、夏二季TSP和PM10的浓度值变化趋势非常相似,在冬季时TSP和PM10...     

石家庄市大气颗粒物元素组分特征分析

为研究石家庄市大气颗粒物的污染特征及其来源,于2013年4—5月在主城6区分别采集TSP、PM10和PM2.5颗粒物样品,利用ICP-MS分析其中的22种元素浓度。结果表明,石家庄市城区Ca、Fe元素在各粒径颗粒物中含量都较高,PM2.5中的S、K含量较高,PM10和TSP中Mg、Al的浓度相对较高。颗粒物的主要来源为燃煤尘、道路尘和建筑尘,TSP、PM10和PM2.5具有较好的统计相关性和同源性。     

兰州城市大气颗粒物污染浓度的变化特征

通过对兰州市冬季不同高度大气气溶胶的监测数据的分析,得出不同高度气溶胶浓度分布,进而分析TSP和PM10与气象要素之间的相关性,以及近20年气溶胶浓度变化。结果表明,高度16m和9m处的TSP浓度比高度625m处的TSP浓度高,高度50m处的PM10比9m和625m处的PM10浓度高;16m高度的TSP浓度与日最高气温呈正相关,9m高度的TSP浓度和日最低气压、日最低气温、平均气温、平均风速都呈负相关,625m高度的TSP浓度与平均本站气压和日最低本站气压都呈负相关。同时9m高度处PM10浓度与日最高气温呈正相关,625m高度处PM10浓度与平均气温呈正相关。近20年的对比分析表明,兰州城市空气质量得到明显改善,"冬防"举措对于改善市区空气污染状况很有成效。     

安阳市环境空气中TSP、PM10 污染水平及相关性

通过分析3个功能区2002年4月—12月环境空气中TSP、PM10的监测结果，了解了不同月份和不同功能区TSP、PM10的污染水平及相关性，TSP与PM10比值分析结果表明，TSP、PM10质量浓度差别不大，存在相关性。通过分析安阳市环境空气中TSP月变化趋势，得出PM10和TSP的污染状况相近，都是春季最重，冬、秋季次之，夏季最轻。     

以长春为例研究环境空气中TSP、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的相关性

选取长春市解放大路与人民大街的交叉口为研究地点,分别进行TSP、PM10和PM2.5的采样和分析.然后利用相关系敷法和t检验对测定结果进行相关性分析,得到备元素的含量在三种污染物中的相关系敖:在TSP与PM10中为0.9349;在PM2.5与PM10中为0.8797;在TSP与PM2.5中为0.7824.得到各元素含量在三种污染物中的T检验统计值,在TSP与PM10中为0.90103;在PM2.5与PM10中为0.04745;在TSP与PM2.5中为0.047986.从分析结果可以看出,各元素含量在TSP与PM10中的相关性最好,在PM2.5与PM10中次之,研究结果为相关环境管理提供科学依据.     

乌鲁木齐采暖期4种颗粒物质量浓度比对研究

本研究以乌鲁木齐工业区、交通区、生活区、风景对照区4个典型区域为研究对象,采集了采暖期大气颗粒物TSP、PM10、PM5、PM2.5,并对其进行质量浓度分析。结果表明:在采暖期大气中TSP的浓度范围为87.94~325.61ug/m3;PM10的浓度范围为76.69~299.21ug/m3;PM5的浓度范围为79.68~294.95ug/m3;在PM2.5的浓度范围为71.80~213.30ug/m3。总体来看,乌鲁木齐采暖期TSP、PM10、PM5、PM2.5的浓度存在一定的差异性,各组分浓度分布为工业区交通区生活区风景对照区,这与采样区受污染程度有关。     

兰州市大气颗粒物污染特征分析

对兰州市2011—2012年大气颗粒物污染状况进行了研究,在主导风向上设置采样点,分别连续监测PM10、TSP、风速、能见度。结果表明,兰州市颗粒物浓度的峰值出现在2—4月,TSP浓度最大值可达到2.465 mg/m3,PM10最大值可达到2.079 mg/m3;颗粒物污染的季节性强,以3、4月出现的频率最高,发生时间具有随机性;2012年兰州市全年颗粒物(PM10和TSP)平均小时浓度值低于2011年,沙尘天气发生频次较2011年有所降低,环境空气质量有所改善。     

兰州市空气中三项污染物自动与手工监测值比较

通过对自动监测和手动监测兰州市大气中SO2、NO2（NOx）、PM10（TSP）的二组数据分析．在非采暖期二组数据有较大相关性，而在采暖期，SO2和NO2（NOx）具有相关性外，PM10（TSP）则没有相关性．     

2008年1月广州颗粒物数浓度污染特征

于2008年1月利用颗粒物计数器(CPC)、颗粒物在线观测仪(TEOM1400a)、自动气象站以及现时天气现象传感器(PWV22)获得了大气颗粒物中每分钟颗粒物数浓度、每30分钟PM2.5>浓度、风速、相对湿度、降雨量等气象因子以及大气能见度.结果发现,1月份能见度低于10km的天数达到25天,其中灰霾天气有17天.灰霾天气下,颗粒物敖浓度为22032±4731个/立方厘米,PM2.5,浓度为123.1±64.5 μg/m3.非灰霾和灰霾天气下颗粒物数浓度日变化趋势总体比较接近,但在13:00～16:00时段,非灰霾天气条件下颗粒物数浓度变化比较明显,而灰霾天气条件下颗粒物数浓度变化比较平缓.现测期内颗粒物教浓度与大气能见度、相对湿度、风速呈负相关,与PM2.5质量浓度、温度呈正相关.灰霾天气下颗粒物数浓度与PM2.5浓度、相对湿度的相关性系数绝对值明显高于非灰霾天气下颗粒物数浓度与这两者的相关性系数绝对值.     

Particulate emission inventory and trends in ambient particulate matter concentrations in the Czech Republic between 1993 and 1999

Trends in total suspended particulates (TSP) emissioninventories were compared with ambient TSP concentrationsduring the period of 1993-1999 in the Czech Republic. TheTSP annual emission decreased within the period of observationfrom 441 300 to 67 000 of metric tonnes (by 85%). During thesame period a less pronounced downward trend from80.3 g m^-3 to 31.5g m^-3 (decrease by 61%)was noted also for the ambient TSP annual average. Differencebetween the two air quality indicators seems to indicate thatchanges in TSP emission inventories from year to year arebeing to some extent overestimated. Monthly ambientparticulate concentrations did not respond to overall drop inemissions proportionately but were closely associated withmonthly mean temperatures. While in the winter the correlationbetween ambient TSP and temperature was negative, in summerthe correlation between the two variables was positive. Inspring and autumn there was no clear correlation betweentemperature and ambient particulate pollution. The improvementof air quality in the Czech Republic since the economical andpolitical transformation in 1990s is substantial whendemonstrated by emission figures, however, true state ofparticulate pollution expressed by ambient levels requiresfurther attention.     

Sixteen-year air quality data analysis of a high environmental risk area in Southern Italy

The Brindisi area is characterized by the presence of industries with high environmental impact, located along its eastern border. Epidemiological studies have revealed several critical situations: two short-term (2003-2005) epidemiological studies have shown that PM(10) and NO(2) are adversely associated with daily hospital admissions: one of the two pointed to the associations with wind blowing from the southern, eastern and western sectors. This study aims to expand the time span of available air quality data in order to provide a more complete and extensive epidemiological study. Multi-year series (from 1992 to 2007) of SO(2), NO(2), and TSP concentration data are presented and analyzed. Data show a significant downward trend of SO(2) from 1992 to 2007, while for the TSP series, the downward trend is limited to the period 1992-1994. Marked seasonal trends are evident for all three pollutants, especially for NO(2) and TSP. The NO(2) series shows higher levels in winter. Inversely, the TSP series shows its maximum values during the summer months, associated with a moderate correlation with temperature and a poor correlation with other pollutants. Analysis of the series for wind sectors revealed the influence of the industrial site and of the harbor. The concentration series exhibit high concentration values and stronger correlations between them and with meteorology for wind blowing from the eastern sectors. Overall analysis supports the hypothesis of a different origin for TSP during the year and for different wind regimes and therefore possible size and chemical differences in TSP, which should be further investigated due to their health implications.     

太湖水体溶解态磷的时空变化特征

对2010年太湖西岸区北段、湖心北区、贡湖、梅梁湾、竺山湾、西岸区南段、湖心南区、南岸区和湖心区9个研究点位水体中的溶解态总磷(TSP)、溶解态反应磷(SRP)和叶绿素a(Chl-a)进行了长达1年的动态监测,全面分析了太湖不同月份、不同区域水体溶解态磷含量的时空动态变化特征及其与藻类生长的相关性。全湖月平均TSP变化范围为(0.027±0.019)~(0.054±0.042)mg/L,SRP变化范围为(0.009 ± 0.006)~(0.035 ± 0.020) mg/L,夏秋季SRP含量高于春冬季。北太湖区溶解态磷含量普遍高于南太湖区,近岸溶解态磷含量高于离岸。各点位年均TSP变化范围为(0.019±0.011)~(0.104±0.038) mg/L,SRP变化范围为(0.009±0.006)~(0.041±0.022)mg/L。全年SRP变异(53.2%)高于TSP(23.4%)、近岸变异高于离岸、表层高于底层。溶解态磷含量日变化特征不明显,外源磷输入影响太湖水体溶解态磷分布。全年中太湖水体TSP、SRP与Chl-a呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.313(P<0.01)、0.284(P<0.01)。     

A Statistical Analysis of Particulate Data Sets for Jawaharlal Nehru Port and Surrounding Harbour Region in India

The concentrations of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) were measured at various locations in a Jawaharlal Nehru port and surrounding harbour region. Meteorological data was also collected to establish the correlation with air pollutant concentration. The results are analysed from the standpoint of monthly and seasonal variations, annual trends as well as meteorological effects. The monthly mean concentration of TSP was in the range of 88.2 to 199.3 microg m(-3). The maximum and minimum-recorded value of PM10 was 135.8 and 20.3 microg m(-3), respectively. The annual average concentration of PM10 was 66.1 microg m(-3). There are clear associations between TSP and PM10 data set at all the measured three sites with a correlation coefficient of 0.89, 0.69 and 0.81, respectively. PM10 data appears to be a constant fraction of the TSP data throughout the year, indicating common influences of meteorology and sources. Particle size analysis showed PM10 to be 47% of the total TSP concentration, which is lower than reported for industrial area and traffic junctions in Mumbai. Anthropogenic sources contribute significantly to the PM10 fraction in an industrial region, while contributions from natural sources are more in a port and harbour area. Statistical analysis of air quality data shows that TSP is strongly correlated with wind speed but weakly correlated with temperature. There appears to be a simple inverse relationship between TSP and wind speed data, indicating the dilution and transport by winds.     

Particulate Matter Over A Seven Year Period in Urban and Rural Areas Within, Proximal and Far from Mining and Power Station Operations in Greece

Lignite mining operations and lignite-fired power stations result in major particulate pollution (fly ash and fugitive dust) problems in the areas surrounding these activities. The problem is more complicated, especially, for urban areas located not far from these activities, due to additional contribution from the urban pollution sources. Knowledge of the distribution of airborne particulate matter into size fraction has become an increasing area of focus when examining the effects of particulate pollution. On the other hand, airborne particle concentration measurements are useful in order to assess the air pollution levels based on national and international air quality standards. These measurements are also necessary for developing air pollutants control strategies or for evaluating the effectiveness of these strategies, especially, for long periods. In this study an attempt is made in order to investigate the particle size distribution of fly ash and fugitive dust in a heavy industrialized (mining and power stations operations) area with complex terrain in the northwestern part of Greece. Parallel total suspended particulates (TSP) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) concentrations are analyzed. These measurements gathered from thirteen monitoring stations located in the greater area of interest. Spatial, temporal variation and trend are analyzed over the last seven years. Furthermore, the geographical variation of PM10 – TSP correlation and PM10/TSP ratio are investigated and compared to those in the literature. The analysis has indicated that a complex system of sources and meteorological conditions modulate the particulate pollution of the examined area.     

灰色系统模型在总悬浮物预测中的应用

以１９８６－１９９４年东北某城市总悬浮物统计资料为依据，应用灰色系统理论ＧＭ（１，１）模型对总量浮物数值进行预测分析。     

Influence of Meteorological Parameters on Particulates and Atmospheric Pollutants at Taichung Harbor Sampling Site

Atmospheric aerosol particles and metallic concentrations, ionic species were monitored at the Experimental harbor of Taichung sampling site in this study. This work attempted to characterize metallic elements and ionic species associated with meteorological conditions variation on atmospheric particulate matter in TSP, PM_2.5, PM_2.5–10. The concentration distribution trend between TSP, PM_2.5, PM_2.5–10 particle concentration at the TH (Taichung harbor) sampling site were also displayed in this study. Besides, the meteorological conditions variation of metallic elements (Fe, Mg, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn and Pb) and ions species (Cl⁻, NO₃ ⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, NH₄ ⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Na⁺) concentrations attached with those particulate were also analyzed in this study. On non-parametric (Spearman) correlation analysis, the results indicated that the meteorological conditions have high correlation at largest particulate concentrations for TSP at TH sampling site in this study. In addition, the temperature and relative humidity of meteorological conditions that played a key role to affect particulate matter (PM) and have higher correlations then other meteorological conditions such as wind speed and atmospheric pressure. The parameter temperature and relative humidity also have high correlations with atmospheric pollutants compared with those of the other meteorological variables (wind speed, atmospheric pressure and prevalent wind direction). In addition, relative statistical equations between pollutants and meteorological variables were also characterized in this study.