小秦岭金矿区矿山地质环境研究

为了了解小秦岭金矿区的地质环境，选用目前应用广泛的物元评价法、模糊数学评价法、灰色聚类评价法建立了地质环境评价模型，对小秦岭金矿区的地质环境进行了综合评价，结果表明，该地区的地质环境整体较好，局部地区已经严重恶化，同时，结合该地区的实际情况，提出了改善该地区地质环境质量的具体意见。     

基于GIS的重庆市城区环境质量评价

城区环境质量评价是环境评价的重要研究内容，但是目前关于城区环境质量评价指标体系与模型还不够完善，为此提出了城区环境质量评价的方法。该方法通过系统分析，建立城区环境质量评价指标体系，在此基础上，建立城区环境质量评价方法，并通过实例详细分析了城区环境质量评价方法的应用。     

秦山岛海域大型底栖动物群落结构的季节变化

于2015—2016年在秦山岛海域开展4个航次的大型底栖动物调查，用优势度指数法和多样性指数法对底栖动物优势种和多样性状况进行评价。结果显示，四季共采集鉴定底栖动物7门69种，其中环节动物25种，软体动物19种，节肢动物16种，棘皮动物3种，脊索动物、纽形动物和腔肠动物各2种；优势种共14种。大型底栖动物种数和密度均值均为春季＞秋季＞夏季＞冬季，生物量均值为夏季＞冬季＞春季＞秋季，密度和生物量的空间分布无明显规律。多样性评价结果表明，秦山岛海域底栖动物群落受到轻度干扰，底栖环境处于轻度污染状态；除人为干扰和环境因子外，种间关系及生活史特征也是影响底栖动物群落结构变化的重要因素。     

松花江流域大型底栖动物生物完整性指数构建及其适用性

利用生物完整性指数评价河流健康状态,对于水环境管理决策具有重要的实践意义。基于大型底栖动物构建生物完整性指数(B-IBI),并评价松花江流域的水生态系统健康状况。在松花江主要干支流设定37个采样点,分别于2016年6、9月进行环境因子和大型底栖动物调查研究。最终从28个候选参数中确定了种类总数、摇蚊种类数、敏感种百分比、Hilsenhoff指数、Marglef指数作为核心参数构建B-IBI。通过0～10赋分法,计算得到了松花江流域全部采样点的生物完整性评价得分。结果显示,松花江流域内60%区域生物状态存在不同程度的损害。另外,B-IBI能够综合反映松花江大型底栖动物群落多样性、生境质量、理化水质等,具有一定的适用性。     

国家环保总局南京环科所环境咨询与评价中心简介

国家环保总局南京环科所环境咨询与评价中心为国内最早开展环境科技咨询和环境影响评价的研究机构之一,持有环境影响评价甲级证书、中国环境管理体系(ＩＳＯ14000)咨询机构备案资格证书、环境工程咨询甲级证书和进口废物环境风险评价证书。该中心先后承担并完成了150多项各种类型的环境规划、环境影响评价、环境风险评价和ＩＳＯ14000环境管理咨询项目,其中包括国家大型建设项目、中外合资项目、世界银行贷款项目、区域开发建设项目。该中心面向全国开展各类环境问题的科技咨询与服务,主要包括:ＩＳＯ14000环境管理体系认证咨询、建设项目环…     

气候变化下的新疆生态环境脆弱性评价

选取了脆弱性、适应能力作为影响新疆生态环境脆弱性的条件层，进一步筛选出海拔、地质环境、沙尘暴、人口密度、降水量、植被类型、生态保护政策7个因子作为成因指标层，并用专家打分法对每个指标赋予权重。将研究区剖分成195个评价单元格，借助G玛强大的数据管理功能，建立与空间数据和属性数据相互关联的生态环境脆弱性数据库；首次采用模糊数学层次分析法作为新疆生态环境脆弱性等级计算的数学模型，计算出新疆生态环境脆弱性等级，并借助CIS进行成果表达。     

农村环境质量监测与评价指标体系研究

总结了农村环境质量监测与评价研究现状，提出了农村环境质量监测布点原则与方案，在此基础上构建了更具针对性、灵活性的农村环境质量监测与评价指标体系。     

基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型的黄河流域环境安全评价体系法治化研究

黄河流域环境安全评价包括对水环境质量、水环境健康、水环境风险的综合评估和对环境治理有效性的评价，是监测河流环境安全和支撑环境管理决策的重要技术手段。当前，我国尚未形成全面、有效的黄河流域环境安全评价体系。为此，基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型，构建了一套具有法治特色的黄河流域环境安全评价指标体系，并以黄河流域河南段2019年和2020年环境治理工作为例，对模型进行了验证。同时，提出探索赋予河流合法权利，完善以《黄河保护法》为核心的黄河流域环境风险防控法律体系，将适应性治理融入联合执法，建立和完善“河长-警长-检察长”联动机制，建立黄河流域环境风险治理体系和突发环境事件监控预警体系等法治化建议。     

《景区环境影响评价》

该书结合了环境科学、旅游学、生态学等相关的基础学科知识，参考了国内外大量最新的文献资料及我国环境影响评价法和评价导则，立足于教学和实践工程项目，较为系统地介绍了景区环境影响评价的程序和方法，尤其对动物、植被、环境容量、景观评价作了详细的叙述，旨在为从事环境教育和环境评价工作的学者提供一本教材和参考书。全书共分11章。第一章为概述，主要介绍了景区环境及景区环境影响评价基本概况；第二章～第八章主要介绍了景区环境现状调查和评价方法、影响预测和评价方法（分别为空气、水体、植被、土壤、野生动物、景观和环境容量）；第九章为综合评价，     

21世纪中国城市环境地质问题

从全球环境的角度对中国城市的环境地质问题进行了研究.文中分析了当今全球主要环境问题,探讨了全球环境变异对中国城市地质环境的影响,详细研究了现代城市工程经济建设中引起的环境工程地质问题.     

Quantifying net water consumption of Norwegian hydropower reservoirs and related aquatic biodiversity impacts in Life Cycle Assessment

Compared to conventional energy technologies, hydropower has the lowest carbon emissions per kWh. Therefore, hydropower electricity production can contribute to combat climate change challenges. However, hydropower electricity production may at the same time contribute to environmental impacts and has been characterized as a large water consumer with impacts on aquatic biodiversity. Life Cycle Assessment is not yet able to assess the biodiversity impact of water consumption from hydropower electricity production on a global scale. The first step to assess these biodiversity impacts in Life Cycle Assessment is to quantify the water consumption per kWh energy produced. We calculated catchment-specific net water consumption values for Norway ranging between 0 and 0.012 m³/kWh. Further, we developed the first characterization factors for quantifying the aquatic biodiversity impacts of water consumption in a post-glaciated region. We apply our approach to quantify the biodiversity impact per kWh Norwegian hydropower electricity. Our results vary over six orders of magnitude and highlight the importance of a spatial explicit approach. This study contributes to assessing the biodiversity impacts of water consumption globally in Life Cycle Assessment.     

湘江衡阳段软体动物多样性调查和水质生物学评价

对衡山大源渡电站蓄水多年后的湘江衡阳段软体动物的种类组成、区系分布以及多样性进行了调查,并用生物多样性指数对湘江衡阳段水质进行了评价。调查结果表明,湘江衡阳段计有软体动物45种,分别隶属于2纲9科18属,其中腹足纲6科11属30种,双壳纲3科7属15种,其区系成分主要为东洋界类型;其中26种为中国特有种,且湖南湄公螺为濒危物种(被《中国物种红色名录》定为灭绝的物种)。用软体动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)对湘江衡阳段进行水质生物学评价,研究结果表明,湘江衡阳段的水质除东洲岛和衡山县城为清洁水外,其余8个采样点的水质均受到了轻度污染。     

Environmental monitoring within the Slovak Republic

In the Slovak Republic (SR) there has not been a complete and coordinated monitoring system for environment until now. The object of environmental monitoring in the SR has been to evaluate certain areas, e.g. components of the environment and the influences affecting it: atmosphere, water, soil, biota (fauna and flora), geological factors, physical fields, forest, wastes, settlement, landuse, contaminants of the food chain and human stress caused by environmental factors. Individual monitoring systems are being built on the basis of these projects.The Monitoring System for the Environment in the SR has been formed by linkage to the Information System on the Environment in the SR which is a basic source of the data on the state of the environment in the SR and the factors affecting it.The guarantor of both these systems is the Ministry of the Environment of the Slovak Republic.     

Hydrology of mountainous areas in the upper Indus Basin, Northern Pakistan with the perspective of climate change

Mountainous areas in the northern Pakistan are blessed by numerous rivers that have great potential in water resources and hydropower production. Many of these rivers are unexploited for their water resource potential. If the potential of these rivers are explored, hydropower production and water supplies in these areas may be improved. The Indus is the main river originating from mountainous area of the Himalayas of Baltistan, Pakistan in which most of the smaller streams drain. In this paper, the hydrology of the mountainous areas in northern Pakistan is studied to estimate flow pattern, long-term trend in river flows, characteristics of the watersheds, and variability in flow and water resource due to impact of climate change. Eight watersheds including Gilgit, Hunza, Shigar, Shyok, Astore, Jhelum, Swat, and Chitral, Pakistan have been studied from 1960 to 2005 to monitor hydrological changes in relation to variability in precipitation, temperature and mean monthly flows, trend of snow melt runoff, analysis of daily hydrographs, water yield and runoff relationship, and flow duration curves. Precipitation from ten meteorological stations in mountainous area of northern Pakistan showed variability in the winter and summer rains and did not indicate a uniform distribution of rains. Review of mean monthly temperature of ten stations suggested that the Upper Indus Basin can be categorized into three hydrological regimes, i.e., high-altitude catchments with large glacierized parts, middle-altitude catchments south of Karakoram, and foothill catchments. Analysis of daily runoff data (1960-2005) of eight watersheds indicated nearly a uniform pattern with much of the runoff in summer (June-August). Impact of climate change on long-term recorded annual runoff of eight watersheds showed fair water flows at the Hunza and Jhelum Rivers while rest of the rivers indicated increased trends in runoff volumes. The study of the water yield availability indicated a minimum trend in Shyok River at Yogo and a maximum trend in Swat River at Kalam. Long-term recorded data used to estimate flow duration curves have shown a uniform trend and are important for hydropower generation for Pakistan which is seriously facing power crisis in last 5 years.     

Temporal and spatial trends in water quality of Lake Taihu,China: analysis from a north to mid-lake transect, 1991–2011

Interpretations of state and trends in lake water quality are generally based on measurements from one or more stations that are considered representative of the response of the lake ecosystem. The objective of this study is to examine how these interpretations may be influenced by station location in a large lake. We addressed this by analyzing trends in water quality variables collected monthly from eight monitoring stations along a transect from the central lake to the north in Lake Taihu (area about 2,338 km²), China, from October 1991 to December 2011. The parameters examined included chlorophyll a (Chl a), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, and Secchi disk depth (SD). The individual variables were increasingly poorly correlated among stations along the transect from the central lake to the north, particularly for Chl a and TP. The timing of peaks in individual variables was also dependent on station location, with spectral analysis revealing a peak at annual frequency for the central lake station but absence of, or much reduced signal, at this frequency for the near-shore northern station. Percentage annual change values for each of the four variables also varied with station and indicated general improvement in water quality at northern stations, particularly for TN, but little change or decline at central lake stations. Sediment resuspension and tributary nutrient loads were considered to be responsible for some of the variability among stations. Our results indicate that temporal trends in water quality may be station specific in large lakes and that calculated whole-lake trophic status trends or responses to management actions may be specific to the station(s) selected for monitoring and analysis. These results have important implications for efficient design of monitoring programs that are intended to integrate the natural spatial variability of large lakes.     

"两级质控、第三方运营"水质自动站管理模式初探

以江苏省太湖流域水质自动站管理模式为例,从运维管理、质控管理等角度介绍了“两级质控、第三方运营”水站管理模式的基本结构、概念和优势.     

伊犁河流域的水电开发与环境保护

当前,新疆正处于水电资源开发大发展时期,做好生态环境保护工作对于水电可持续发展至关重要。伊犁河流域是新疆第一大河,水电资源丰富,同时也是新疆生态环境极其重要的地区,本文针对目前伊犁河流域水电开发的现状,分析了存在的问题,并提出意见建议,可为新疆水电资源的可持续绿色发展提供参考。     

放射性核素污染及监测

由于发达国家的核试验和核电站的建设，放射性核素对环境的污染已引起世界各国的关注。我国目前实施对放射性强度的监测，而对核素监测相对比较薄弱。文章介绍了核设施泄露事故对大气、水和水生生物造成的污染及污染的削减过程，综述了目前发达国家的放射性核素污染水平、监测的核素种类和监测方法。     

滨海新区地表水水质评价与污染源分析

滨海新区在大力发展工业的同时，面临水资源紧缺与水环境恶化等问题，基于2020年至2021年滨海新区内15个监测站位的丰水期、枯水期实测数据，通过改进型加拿大水质指数模型对滨海新区地表水进行水质评价，在水质评价的基础上，利用相关性分析与绝对主成分-多元线性回归模型分析影响地表水水质状况的污染源。15个水质监测站位水质评价结果表明：丰水期水质指数为32.27～82.80,良好水质站位1个，中等水质站位6个，较差水质站位7个，差等水质站位1个；枯水期水质指数为47.28～81.36,良好水质站位1个，中等水质站位12个，较差水质站位2个。污染源分析结果表明：丰水期中，污染源为生活污水、农业面源污染、养殖尾水点源污染；枯水期中，主要污染源为工业废水、生活污水、养殖尾水面源污染。