工业废水中氨氮测定预处理的新法探讨

针对带色浊度高的工业废水氨氮测定的预处理,提出了使用硫酸铝和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复合絮凝沉淀法。试验结果表明,方法不仅具有操作简单,试剂用量少,絮凝效果好,去色、去浊率高(达99.6％),且对pH5～10的各种带色浊度高的废水都能起到良好的效果,并能提高测定的精密度,其变异系数为1.2％～3.6％,回收率为90％～105％,确保了数据的准确和可靠。     

用复合混凝剂对工业废水氨氮测定预处理方法的研究

实验表明 ,对带色浊度高的工业废水预处理 ,采用先加硫酸铝凝聚后加聚丙烯酰胺 ( PAM)助凝 ,其絮凝、去色去浊效果好。 1硫酸铝用最为PAM的 1 0倍时絮凝效果最佳 ,即加 2 %硫酸铝溶液 1 .0 ml和 1 % PAM溶液 0 .2 ml,其去色去浊率达 99.8%。 2加复合混凝剂对校正曲线显色溶液测定无影响。 3氨氮浓度在 4 .97～ 2 0 .5mg/t范围 ,其变异系数 <5% ;氨氮平均含量在 2 4 .6 1～ 75.6 2 μg时 ,平均回收率 95.0～ 1 0 4 % ,精密度和准确度均较高。用复合混凝剂对工业废水氨氮测定预处理方法的研究@陈秀琴$南通市环境监测站!江苏南通226006 …     

南通地区酸性降水的特征

①空间分布特征：有明显区域差异。近海地区ｐＨ均值６．５１～６．１２,酸雨频率２．５％～５．９％。市区ｐＨ均值＜５．１,最低值为３．６６,频率为４４．１％～５０．６％。②时间分布特征：从６县（市）属镇的ｐＨ均值,１９９１～１９９５年逐年下降,１９９５～１９９７年逐年上升。③季、月变化：降水酸度为春季＞冬季＞秋季＞夏季,３月份酸雨频率最高（７０％）,ｐＨ均值为４．７７。酸性降水的季节变化与两广地区类似。④化学特征：降水中阴离子以ＳＯ２－４占绝对优势,占阴离子总含量的８０％,ＳＯ２－４与ＮＯ－３的比值…     

NH_3－N分析中显色后稀释测定误差的探讨

ＮＨ_３－Ｎ分析中显色后稀释测定误差的探讨任晓梅（江苏扬州市环境监测站，扬州２２５）０２）溶液碱度变化影响了纳氏反应平衡，是产生误差的主要原因。稀释５倍时，ｐＨ降低０．５４，误差＜５％；而稀释ＳＯ倍时，与原浓度溶液的ｐＨ值相差１．４，相对误差则高达８?..     

盐酸付玫瑰苯胺若干性质讨论

盐酸付玫瑰苯胺是三苯甲烷类染料，分子中存在的共轭体系使其具有以下特性：１．本身带色；２．随介质的ｐＨ变化产生显著的颜色效应，ｐＨ值越高，颜色越深，ｐＨ值越低，颜色越浅；３．对光和水洗的坚牢度较差；４．可发生重氮化反应；５．杂质使其颜色加深。     

L-半胱氨酸对氢化物发生原子吸收法测定砷增强信号作用的研究

将生化试剂Ｌ－半胱氨酸用于砷氢化物发生体系,在ｐＨ１．７～２．０,Ｌ－半胱氨酸用量大于１．５ｍ ｇ／ｍ ｌ时,Ｌ－半胱氨酸的存在使砷信号增强最大,该条件下使砷检出限低了２．６ 倍,水样加标加收率为９６％ ～９８．８％ ,应用于自来水和地表水中痕量砷的测定,获得了满意的结果。     

测定水中亚硝酸盐氮絮凝方法的改进

测定水中亚硝酸盐氮絮凝方法的改进赵敏（深圳市宝安区环境保护局５１８１０１）根据《水和废水监测分析方法》，水中亚硝酸盐氮的测定采用Ｎ－（１－萘基）－乙二胺光度法，方法原理是：在磷酸介质中，ｐＨ＝１．８±０．３时，亚硝酸盐与对氨基苯磺酰胺反应，生成重氮盐...     

单柱离子色谱法同时测定地面水中阴离子

单柱离子色谱法同时测定地面水中Ｆ－、Ｃｌ－、ＮＯ－２－Ｎ、ＮＯ－３－Ｎ、ＳＯ２－４阴离子。以２．５ｍＭ苯二甲酸、２．４ｍＭ三羟甲胺缓冲液为淋洗液,在ｐＨ＝４．０,流速为１．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ的条件下,测得各阴离子检出限、线性回归方程及相关系数、方法的精密度和准确度。     

氨氮测定中水样混凝沉淀预处理的改进

氨氮测定中水样混凝沉淀预处理的改进陈淑贞（福建连江县环境监测站，连江３５０５００）改取１００ｍｌ水样于１００ｍｌ比色管，加１０％ＺｎＳＯ４溶液１ｍｌ混匀后加２４％ＮａＯＨ溶液０．２ｍｌ，使ｐＨ为１０．５，这时浓度＞１０ｍｇ／ＬＣａ－ＣＯ３的水样可自然...     

离心法应用于高浊度地表水中氨氮测定预处理过程中的方法

比较多种预处理方法去除浊度对地表水氨氮测定的影响,结果表明在测定高浊度地表水氨氮的过程中,采用离心法可较好地去除悬浮物对水样测定的干扰。较清水样用比色前离心方法,对于较浑浊的水样用絮凝沉淀结合比色前离心方法,可明显去除浊度的干扰,得到稳定的氨氮数值。2种方法的准确度和精密度均满足质控要求。     

淮南市秋季大气可吸入颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染特征分析

2007年秋季在淮南市五个采样点采集大气可吸入颗粒物样品,用色谱-质谱法分析多环芳烃中16种优控污染物.结果显示,交通区PAHs浓度最高;PAHs以四环为主,二环所占比例最小;PM10与ΣPAHs成显著正相关关系,与苯并[a]芘成显著正相关;采用比值法对准南市PM10中的PAHs进行来源分析,得到PAHs主要来源于交通源及燃煤排放.     

PCR技术对水中病原体的检测

水中有病毒、细菌、原生动物、蠕虫等多种病原体。常规的检测方法是用大肠菌作为病原体的指示生物,但是大肠菌的生存特性与病毒、原生动物差异较大,难以指示病毒、原生动物的存在与否。对每一种病原体单独进行检测,费时、费力。由于PCR技术具有快速、灵敏、特异的特点,使得它对于水中病原体的检测具有较高的应用价值。     

河流沉积物中有机污染物的分析研究进展

总结了近年来河流沉积物中有机污染物的研究进展 ,集中评述了国内有关沉积物中多环芳烃、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的分析研究现状 ,包括样品采集、样品前处理和样品分析 ,并对今后河流、湖泊及水库沉积物中污染物的分析工作作了展望     

Variations in the level of some trace elements in hair of participants in the Italian expeditions in Antarctica

As a part the Italian National Programme of Research in Antarctica (PNRA) a monitoring study has been undertaken to quantify the concentrations of some selected trace elements in human hair of participants in the Antarctic expeditions. Such concentrations may vary as a consequence of the extreme environmental conditions and changes in lifestyle experienced by participants in the expeditions, as some evidence in previous investigations seems to suggest. The present study regards samples collected on the occasion of the 2002-2003 expedition to the Italian Base of Terra Nova Bay (now Mario Zucchelli Base), i.e., just before the expedition and about one month later. Seven essential elements were taken into account, namely, Ca, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn and Mo. Determinations were performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and Dynamic Reaction Cell Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS). Data obtained were statistically treated by using the non-parametric Friedman test. The concentrations of Ca, Cu and Mg were found to decrease (P < 0.05). The stress caused by the severe environmental conditions might well play a role in the observed decrease.     

天津市空气颗粒物中酞酸酯的分布特征

采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)对天津市空气颗粒物中15种酞酸酯(PAEs)夏季和冬季的浓度进行了分析测定,研究了酞酸酯污染水平的季节变化,不同季节酞酸酯的功能区差异,15种酞酸酯在颗粒物中的分布特征,以及DBP和DEHP在夏冬两季中的污染特点,分析了产生上述结果的原因,基本说明了天津市空气颗粒物中酞酸酯的污染状况和特点。     

Measurements of 210Pb concentrations in airborne in Kuwait

The concentrations of ²¹⁰Pb in the atmosphere of Kuwait Cityhave been monitored over a period of five years (January 1994 toDecember 1998) using cellulose air filters for analysis with liquid scintillation counting for gross beta. Results show thatthe distribution of daily averaged ²¹⁰Pb concentrations varied from 0.002 to 2.53 mBqm^-3 with an average of 0.896 mBqm^-3 and a geometric mean of 0.687 mBqm^-3. The studysuggests that the existence of ²¹⁰Pb in air in Kuwait originates mainly from re-circulated fraction of ²¹⁰Pb whichwas already deposited on ground surface, not from direct decay of radon.The long-term trend pattern for the five years shows a seasonalvariation with maximum concentrations occurring in the autumn season.     

湖泊微生物群落构建机制及研究展望

湖泊微生物生态过程研究是深入了解湖泊生态系统结构与功能的关键。论述了湖泊微生物多样性时空分布规律及群落构建机制研究进展,总结了微生物群落构建机制的分析方法,介绍了微生物生态网络构建原理及应用。群落构建机制分析方法分为统计分析法、模型推断法和生态网络分析法。统计分析法包括群落结构差异分析、群落结构-环境因子关联分析和方差分解分析等,此类方法能够初步识别驱动群落组成与结构时空差异的影响因子,判别空间因素与已知环境变量对群落构建过程的相对贡献;模型推断法包括中性群落模型方法和零模型方法等,能够进一步实现对群落构建生态过程的区分,量化和比较随机性因素及确定性因素的相对重要性;生态网络分析法可用于揭示物种共现模式,探究作为确定性因素的生物相互作用,也可用于物种-环境响应关系的研究,探究环境选择过程对群落结构的影响。     

Profile of PAH in the Exhaust of Gasoline Driven Vehicles in Delhi

A preliminary study to determine the profile of PAHs in the exhaust of gasoline vehicles in Delhi was conducted. Three different types of vehicles (cars, autorickshaws and scooters) were selected with different age groups for sampling purpose. The concentration of Total PAHs (Σ₁₂PAHs) was found to be 27.27 ± 2.27, 28.61 ± 3.70 and 29.81 ± 3.57 mg/g in the exhaust of cars, auto- rickshaws (three wheelers) and two wheelers, respectively. The levels of PAHs were found to be high in scooter exhaust as compared to that of cars and autorickshaws. The total PAHs concentration in the present study was found to be higher as compared to other studies. Such a high concentration could be attributed to different parameters like the age of the vehicles, driving conditions, the fuel quality and the emission standards.     

Determination of Heavy Metals in Water from Boreholes in Dumasi in the Wassa West District of Western Region of Republic of Ghana

Concentrations of heavy metals in the borehole at Dumasi in the Wassa West District of the Republic of Ghana have been measured in this study. The concentrations of the following metals in the ground water from Dumasi borehole are: Iron (Fe) – 7.52 ppm, Manganese (Mn) – 1.11 ppm, Arsenic (As) – 4.52 ppm, Chromium (Cr) – 0.026 ppm, Cobalt (Co) – 0.01 ppm, Zinc (Zn) – 0.007 ppm, Cadmium (Cd) – 0.002 ppm and Lead (Pb) – 0.005 ppm. The results of the study show that resident adults and children who use water from the boreholes are at serious risk from exposure to health hazards associated with exposure to the above metals in the boreholes in Dumasi. If the results of this study are applied to other mining communities, which lie on the Birimian and Tarkwaian rock system, then the residents are at serious risk from exposure to toxic metals from drinking water from the boreholes dug for them by mining companies operating in their communities.     

石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs污染特征分析

为弄清石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs的污染特征,采用美国环保局TO-15方法对石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs组成进行了定性和定量分析。在此基础上,进行了VOCs的月度变化分析、春节期间的变化分析,并进行了VOCs与空气质量指数AQI、PM2.5等之间的相关性分析;根据VOCs组成及变化情况和相关性,分析了其可能的来源。结果表明,石家庄市冬季大气中VOCs的质量浓度为145.7~1 410.7μg/m3,VOCs组分主要有丙酮、二氯甲烷、苯、乙酸乙酯、甲苯、1,2-二氯丙烷、三氯甲烷。春节期间,大气中VOCs的浓度有大幅的下降,比日常均值下降了40.9%。AQI较高时,大气中VOCs浓度有所升高。石家庄市冬季大气中丙酮、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯等主要来源于医药化工生产活动,苯、甲苯主要来源于煤燃烧。