日本道路交通噪声监测体系与借鉴

系统介绍了日本环保部门每年在全国范围内开展的道路交通噪声普查性监测工作及评价体系,分析了中日两国监测与评价方法的异同和优缺点,提出在点位布设、评价方法、信息公开等方面的改进建议,以推进中国道路交通噪声监测工作向科学化、精细化、定量化转变。     

浅析美国和澳大利亚及新加坡道路交通噪声管理与监测

简要介绍了美国、澳大利亚及新加坡在道路交通噪声控制管理与监测技术方面的现状,分析了其经验和特点,结合我国道路交通噪声监测与评价现状提出了相应的建议。     

道路交通噪声相关因素的研究

道路交通噪声相关因素的研究王振中（云南个旧市环境监测站，个旧）在噪声环境评价、预测以及噪声污染防治工作中，首先必须对影响道路交通噪声的主要因素，如机动车类型、车流量、行车速度、鸣喇叭频率、道路状况、声学环境等诸多相关因素进行深入的分析研究后，才能够较...     

道路交通噪声信号模拟的实现

国内交通噪声的主观反应的实验室研究工作刚刚起步。这种研究的目的是力求排除其它因素的干扰,寻求交通噪声与人的主观反应(如影响思考、谈话、睡眠以及烦恼等)的关系,以便为评价、管理、控制交通噪声提供更有力的依据。 主观反应的实验室研究有许多具体困难,如受试人员的筛选、实验方法和实验参量的选择、交通噪声模拟信号的设计和实现等。本研究的焦点是为交通噪声的主观反应的实验室研究提供一组准确可用的道路交通噪声模拟信号。 一、道路交通噪声模拟信号的设计     

道路交通噪声自动监测应用探讨

结合城市道路路网状况及实际噪声监测数据和历史实验数据,对道路交通噪声自动监测数据的有效性、监测点位布设进行了研究,对道路交通噪声监测点位优化提出建议。     

道路交通噪声自动监测中最少监测时间研究

以城市主干线为例,对长期道路交通噪声自动监测数据进行统计分析,得出道路交通噪声实施噪声自动监测时应采用的小时最少监测时间、日昼夜最少监测小时、季最少监测天数和年最少监测天数。     

道路交通噪声自动监测中最少监测时间研究

以城市主干线为例,对长期道路交通噪声自动监测数据进行统计分析,得出道路交通噪声实施噪声自动监测时应采用的小时最少监测时间、日昼夜最少监测小时、季最少监测天数和年最少监测天数。     

北京市黄标车禁行对市区道路交通噪声的影响分析

利用噪声自动监测系统中33个道路交通站点的数据,分析了北京市实行黄标车禁行措施后道路交通噪声昼、夜间均值的总体变化趋势.在计算夜间噪声下降量的基础上归纳了噪声降幅大的道路等级,进一步分析了噪声改善最大的时间段,并在结论的基础上为决策者提出了相应的建议.     

北京市公交车噪声测试与分析

公交车已成为当前北京市道路交通噪声的主要束源之一,针对公交车声源模型缺乏而沿用大型车声源模型所致的噪声预测误差问题,在北京市选取了两类常见公交车进行了537辆车的单车通过噪声测试,在无效数据剔除和背景噪声修正后,利用回归分析法获得了北京市公交车声源模型,通过与现有《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范》中大型车声源模型的比较,显示出建立北京市公交车噪声声源模型的必要性。基于《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范》中的道路交通噪声预测方法,提出了符合北京市实际情况的道路交通噪声预测模型。     

浅析道路交通噪声影响下的人居声环境评价体系建设

道路交通噪声是目前城市中影响范围最广、强度最大的环境噪声,降低其噪声影响,改善城市声环境质量应列为各地政府改善民生的重要工作.根据当前国际形势提出属于人居环境中重要分支的“人居声环境保护”概念,并就该体系建设的几项重要工作进行探讨,为今后城市道路交通噪声影响的评价工作提供借鉴.     

用二级模糊评判模型评价环境质量状况

用二级模糊评判模型评价区域环境质量状况,弥补了用一级模糊综合评判只可评价各点位环境质量状况的不足,是一种新的环境评价方法,评价结果与实际情况相符,效果良好,方法实用.     

逐步回归在评价水质监测采样过程QC/QA中的运用

评价监测采样过程ＱＣ／ＱＡ的优劣的方法并不多见,本文试图通过逐步回归的方法来探讨特定水质监测对象监测采样过程ＱＣ／ＱＡ的评价问题。     

在线生物毒性监测系统在饮用水源地水质监测中的应用

通过对汞、镉、铬、铅和砷的生物毒性剂量效应分析，评估生物毒性监测方法在饮用水源地水质监测中的预警作用，结果显示，几种元素的生物毒性大小依次为：汞〉砷〉铅〉镉〉铬。结合南京上坝饮用水源地的生物毒性监测数据，建立动态报警限，用于评价水质安全。     

Evaluating long-term trends in littoral benthic macroinvertebrate communities of lakes recovering from acid deposition

The Mann–Kendall test has been proposed as a nonparametric method to evaluate trends in long-term water quality datasets with missing values, serial correlation, and non-normality. However, this test has rarely been used to evaluate long-term trends in biological data. In this study, we used the Mann–Kendall test to evaluate trends in 15?years of data on benthic macroinvertebrate communities from 17 Precambrian Shield lakes. We also used the van Belle and Hughes test of trend homogeneity to assess whether common among-lake temporal trends existed. We assumed that evidence of a common regional trend among lakes would support the hypothesis of long-term biological recovery from past acidification. We found decreasing proportions of Chironomidae and increasing proportions of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) in both single-lake and multi-lake trend analysis. Moreover, six of the nine lakes with significant trends in more than one benthos metric displayed a significant decrease in Chironomidae and increase in EPT concurrently, indicating a shift towards more acid-sensitive taxa. Weak trends in several of the biological metrics indicated that recovery in these lakes has been impeded. Results of this study indicate that the Mann–Kendall and van Belle and Hughes trend tests are useful statistical tools to evaluate long-term patterns in biological data.     

火焰原子吸收法测定水样铅含量的不确定度评定

实验室认可和资质认定都要求检测实验室具备评定测量不确定度的能力,现依据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对火焰原子吸收法测定水样中铅含量进行不确定度评估,分析测定过程中不确定度来源,量化不确定度分量,求出合成不确定度和扩展不确定度,给出测定结果的表示式。     

Principal response curves technique for the analysis of multivariate biomonitoring time series

Although chemical and biological monitoring is often used to evaluate the quality of surface waters for regulatory purposes and/or to evaluate environmental status and trends, the resulting biological and chemical data sets are large and difficult to evaluate. Multivariate techniques have long been used to analyse complex data sets. This paper discusses the methods currently in use and introduces the principal response curves method, which overcomes the problem of cluttered graphical results representation that is a great drawback of most conventional methods. To illustrate this, two example data sets are analysed using two ordination techniques, principal component analysis and principal response curves. Whereas PCA results in a difficult-to-interpret diagram, principal response curves related methods are able to show changes in community composition in a diagram that is easy to read. The principal response curves method is used to show trends over time with an internal reference (overall mean or reference year) or external reference (e.g. preferred water quality or reference site). Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed and illustrated.     

Water Quality Index (WQI) of Jaguari and Atibaia Rivers in the region of Paulínia,São Paulo,Brazil

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment - Due to the concern with the quality of hydric resources, the monitoring is essential to evaluate and identify the anthropogenic and environmental...     

Importance�Cperformance analysis of municipal solid waste management in uncertainty

The aim of this study was to evaluate and position the perceptions of importance and performance of municipal solid waste management aspects and criteria. The study results propose dependence relations among four aspects and 33 criteria pertaining to metropolitan Taipei. Evaluation was based on linguistically described preferences and multiple aspects and criteria analysis; in particular, applied fuzzy set theory was used to evaluate linguistic vagueness, and the analytic network process was applied for dependence relations among the aspects and criteria. In order to compile managerial implications and concluding remarks, importance?Cperformance analysis was conducted, using several mathematical techniques applied to the objectives as well as the participation and input of professionals and academicians. Overall results and concluding remarks are discussed.     

河流水质自动监测站选址适宜性评价

为建立和量化适于河流水质自动监测站选址的评价方法体系,提出了河流水质自动监测站选址一致性、可行性和适宜性评价问题,并建立了选址可行性和适宜性评价2套指标体系。以自动站选址与手工断面位置不一致为前提,利用累乘指数判断选址可行性,在可行的基础上利用模糊综合评价进一步分析选址的适宜性。应用案例显示,罗汉大桥断面水质自动站选址于手工断面下游150 m处是可行的,并且此选址高度适宜,在具有水质代表性的同时兼顾成本和运维管理需求。     

环境保护纳入小康和现代化评价指标体系探析

结合江苏省环境保护实例，探讨把环境保护纳入小康和现代化评价指标体系的机遇，难点和方法。