室内空气中的TVOC（总挥发性有机物）分析方法的研究

研究了热解吸／毛细管气相色谱法测定室内空气和环境空气中多种挥发性有机物TVOC的分析方法。以HP-1毛细管柱分离，氢火焰离子化检测器检测，取得较好的结果。本方法最低检出限为0．5μg／m^3，相对标准偏差3．4％，加标回收率在85％～120％。     

胭脂红酸分光光度法测定废水中硼

用胭脂红酸分光光度法测定废水中的硼，着重进行了方法的条件和干扰试验。方法检测限为0.063mg/L，线性范围为0.21mg/L-1.25mg/L。5个实验室对5.00mg/L硼标准样品测得重复性相对标准差为3．4％，再次性相对标准差为3．6％；相对误差为－0．8％－1．4％，回收率在95．2％－104．6％之间。     

气相色谱法分离和测定环境空气及废气中的甲苯和正丁醇

用活性炭吸附环境空气或废气中的甲苯和正丁醇，经二硫化碳解吸后用气相色谱法测定。方法的回收率：甲苯为98．8％－106．0％，正丁醇为102．0％－107．0％；变异系数：甲苯为1．0％－1．4％，正丁醇为1．2％。当采样体积为20L、解吸液体积为2．00mL、进样体积为2μL时，甲苯和正丁醇的最低检测体积质量分别为0．04和0．20mg/m^3。     

气相色谱法测定环境空气中的乙醛

建立了环境大气中乙醛的气相色谱测定方法。采样效率在９９５以上，回收率为９２．８％－９９．５％，变异系数为２．５６％－３．２４％。当采样体积为１０Ｌ时，最低检出浓度为０．１４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。     

离子色谱法测定碳酸锶产品中的氯杂质

讨论了在单柱离子色谱仪上用ＴＳＫｇｅｌＩＣ－Ａｎｉｏｎ－ＳＥ柱为分离柱，１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ邻苯二到（ＰＨ５．４）作流动相，以电导检测器检测，测定沸水提取碳酸锶产品中的杂质氯的方法。该法简便、快速、准确、无干扰，在测定范围内有良好的线性。最小检出量为０．１μｇ，ＩＣ法与比色法的测定结果基本一致，ＣＩ＾－的含量为０．１６６％，相对标准偏差为２．８％，回收率为９７．９％～１００％。     

热解吸/GC/MS联用测定石化工业区大气环境中挥发性有机物

采用二次热解吸／气相色谱／质谱联用测定石化工业区大气环境中挥发性有机物，质谱检测器同时进行全扫描和选择离子扫描，全扫描定性，选择离子扫描和内标法定量。方法线性良好，50种目标化合物的检出限为0.14ng-2.45ng，在3个浓度水平的加标回收试验中，1，1-二氯乙烯和二氯甲烷回收率较低，氯仿和苯低浓度回收率较差，其余46种目标化合物的回收率为83.4％-116％，RSD为0.5％-8.9％。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定环境空气中的锡

研究了硝酸诹氧水体系消解石墨炉原子吸收法测定环境空气中锡的方法．采用抗坏血酸和磷酸二氢铵作混合基体改进剂，热解涂层石墨管，塞曼扣背景．方法的检测限为3．56μg／L，实际样品回收率为90.6-102.0％．     

南京市大米蔬菜中有机氯有机磷农药残留调查

调查结果表明，南京市大米中滴滴涕的４种异构体均未检出，六六六的４种异构体除α－６６６、δ－６６６有检出（总检出率为８１．８％），但不超标，其余均未检出；蔬菜中甲胺磷，乐果检出率分别为１５．４％、３．８％，超标率分别为１４．８％，甲基－１６０５、乙基－１６０５及马拉硫磷均未检出。     

新试剂4－（2－喹啉偶氮）－1，3－二羟萘分光光度法测定水中镉

研究了镉（Ⅱ）与４－（２－喹啉偶氮）－１，３－二羟萘（２－ＱＡＤＶＭ）的显色反应。结果表明：在０．３ｍｎｏｌ／Ｌ氢氧化钠溶液中，当有十二烷基（２－羟乙基）二甲基氯化铵（ＤＥＭＡＣ）存在时，镉（Ⅱ）与２－喹啉偶氮形成１：２橙红色络合物，λ_ｍａｘ为５１０_ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε＝１．２×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，镉的浓度的在０～２０μｇ／（２５ｍＬ）范围内符合比尔定律，用２－喹啉偶氮作显色剂，可直接测定废水中的镉。试样用标准加入法测得回收率为９６％～１０４％，相对标准偏差小于３％，用此法与双硫腙分光光度法对模拟镀镉废水进行了对比试验，其相对误差小于４％。     

焚烧三氯苯生产废渣排气中六六六的采样及气相色谱分析法

建立了焚烧三氯苯生产废渣排气中六六六的采样及气相色谱分析方法。以二甲基甲酰胺为吸收剂，采集排气中的六六六，然后溶于水相，用石油醚把萃取，经浓缩，供带有电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪分析。六六六４种异构体平均回收率为８８％－９８％，变异系数为４．６％－９．８％。     

20年间艾比湖流域植被覆盖度景观格局变化

选取艾比湖流域1990年、2001年、2011年同期（9月）3期I．and．satTM遥感影像，基于归一化植被指数NDVI，提取植被覆盖等级图，利用ArcGIS9．3和Fragstas3．3对该流域植被景观的变化进行了分析研究。结果表明：1990—2011年，该流域植被覆盖度变化明显，低植被覆盖区和较低植被覆盖区都有所减少，分别由1990年的34．05％和32．94％减少到2011年的32．8％和24．06％；较高植被覆盖区和高植被覆盖区有所增加，分别由8．49％和5．20％增长到15．13％和9．83％，但水域面积退化明显，由1990年的525．9765km2缩小至494．9876km2，减少了30．9889km2，退缩幅度达O．4％；最大斑块指数（LPI）由17．04上升到21．10，香农多样性指数（SHDI）和香农均势度指数（SHEI）分别由1．5387和0．8588增长到1．6395和0．9150。表明艾比湖流域景观格局混杂程度愈来愈高，空间异质性在逐年加强，总体空间格局向破碎化趋势发展。     

U PLC- ESI- MS/MS法同时测定水中7种抗生素

采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾二级质谱联用技术同时测定水中7种抗生素,优化了试验条件.磺胺甲恶唑、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、四环素在1.00 ng/L～1000 ng/L范围内线性良好,定量下限为1 ng/L,土霉素、金霉素在10.0 ng/L-2 000 ng/L范围内线性良好,定量下限为10 ng/L,去离子水和地表水样加标回收率为72.1%-112%,RSD为0.6%～9.2%.     

Attenuation of N2O emission rates from agricultural soil at different dicyandiamide concentrations

An experiment was conducted to assess the role of different concentrations of dicyandiamide (DCD), a potent nitrification inhibitor, on temporal changes in nitrous oxide emission from sandy loam agricultural soil. It was found that with increasing concentration of DCD i.e. from 6 to 12% of nitrogen applied in the form of urea, there was a decrease in the both average and peak N₂O emissions. However, from 14% DCD treated soil, there was a non-significant alteration in the N₂O emission. Maximum average N₂O efflux of 217.55 μg m⁻² h⁻¹ was noted from control plots. As compared to control, there was an attenuation of 50, 58, 65, and 91% average N₂O efflux from 6, 8, 10 and 12% DCD applied pots, respectively, whereas, there was a negative average of N₂O efflux from the soil with 14% DCD treatment. The soil N content also showed a significant correlation with N₂O emission. Therefore, 12% DCD treatment has been found to be the best with regard to attenuation of nitrous oxide from sandy loam agricultural soils.     

水样中常见金属离子的快速测定

研究了用高效毛细管电泳对自来水水样中常见金属离子的快速测定方法。结果表明,K+、Na+、Li+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Ba2+、Sr2+7种离子在8 min内可全部分离,回收率为98.0%~103.3%。峰面积和迁移时间的相对标准偏差分别在3.2%和1.1%以下,重现性较好,具有较高的检测灵敏度。     

工业温室气体CO2排放监测技术前期研究

介绍了国内外二氧化碳（ CO2）气体检测方法，选取红外传感器、非分散红外和气相色谱3种方法监测工业燃煤废气中的CO2。试验结果表明，3种方法的精密度和准确度均满足要求；单一燃煤废气中CO2的体积分数范围为6．70％～15．10％，同一排气筒中CO2体积分数5 min的波动范围为0～22．4％；同一排气筒（单一燃煤废气）中CO2和O2的体积分数有一定的关联性，二者之和基本稳定在19％～21％范围；非分散红外法和气相色谱法测定同一样品的相对偏差为0．9％～3．4％；红外传感器适用于有组织排放的现场监测，另2种方法适用于无组织废气和环境空气监测。     

Investigation of arsenic speciation on drinking water treatment media utilizing automated sequential continuous flow extraction with IC-ICP-MS detection

Three treatment media, used for the removal of arsenic from drinking water, were sequentially extracted using 10 mM MgCl2(pH 8), 10 mM NaH2PO4(pH 7) followed by 10 mM (NH4)2C2O4(pH 3). The media were extracted using an on-line automated continuous extraction system which allowed the arsenic in each of the extraction fluids to be speciated on-line using IC-ICP-MS. The 10 mM MgCl2 preferentially extracted As(III) from each of the media. The percentage of the arsenic extracted by the MgCl2, relative to a HNO3/H2O2 digestion of the media, ranged from 0.1-2.3% for the three solids. The next sequential extraction fluid, 10 mM NaH2PO4, extracted some of the residual As(III) remaining on each of the media but the predominant species extracted was As(V). The 10 mM NaH2PO4 extracted 15.3 to 42.8% of the total arsenic relative to a total digested concentration for each of the media. The As(III) and As(V) stability studies conducted in these two extraction fluids indicated that conversion between As(III) and As(V) was not significant for the short extraction fluid sample contact time associated with the on-line continuous flow extraction cell. Finally, the 10 mM (NH4)2C2O4 extraction fluid was utilized in an off-line analysis mode because the Fe and As concentrations extracted from the media were not compatible with direct ICP-MS detection. The (NH4)2C2O4 extracted 2.9-29% As(III) for all three media and caused an oxidation of As(III) to As(V) during the extraction period for one of the three media. The sum of the arsenic from each of the three extraction fluids represented 92%, 44% and 53% of the available total arsenic for the three media, respectively. The speciation results for each media were obtained by adding all the speciation results from all three extraction fluids together and the resulting distribution of As(III)/As(V) compared well with the speciation results obtained via XANES.     

应用斑马鱼和凡纳对虾诊断污染场地污水的生物毒性

应用斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)和凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)对某废弃有机污染场地中有毒有机废弃物堆积产生的污水(1号塘污水)和场地及周边地表径流积水(2号塘污水)的生物毒性进行了试验.结果表明,1号塘污水对斑马鱼和凡纳对虾96 hLC50分别为46.2%和59.6%, 2号塘污水的毒性试验中两种试验生物的死亡率皆为0.化学检测表明,1号塘污水中的主要污染物为苯酚类和酞酸脂类物质,而2号塘污水中均未检出有机污染物.化学检测结果与毒性试验结果具有较好的相关性.     

硫化物水样预处理方法的改进

以2% NaOH 溶液替代醋酸锌溶液为硫化物吸收液;另由体积分数50%的盐酸替代磷酸作酸化剂,可避免吸收瓶壁附着物生成,提高硫化物的吸收率,样品加标回收率为92.5%～100%.     

Levels of some toxic elements and frequency of bacterial heavy metal resistance in sediment and sea water

The Golden Horn Estuary located in the Istanbul region of Turkey has been thought to be a heavily polluted area since the 1950s: the concentration of the elements, which include heavy metals such as Cu2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Fe2+, was therefore investigated in sediment and water samples of the area. The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae members to some heavy metal salts was investigated to determine levels of metal-resistant bacteria in the Golden Horn Estuary after the environmental restoration project in 1998. The sediment samples were collected with an Ekman-Grab in the period from November 2002 to February 2004 from depths of 4-15 m and analyzed by means of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Analyses of average heavy metals of sediment samples yielded the following results: 131.5 ppm Cu, 405.5 ppm Mn, 46.5 ppm Ni, 191.2 ppm Zn, 81.5 ppm Pb and 27668 ppm Fe. As with water, Ni concentrations in sediment were found lower than that in limit values. Frequency of heavy metals resistance to Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Cd was detected as an average of 65.0%, 64.4%, 62.5%, 38.4%, 37.3%, 36.2% and 28.4%, respectively in a total of 192 strains isolated from sediment samples. It was observed that there was no statistically significant difference among the results of analyses with respect to sampling dates. Despite the environmental restoration project in 1998, our study results showed that heavy metal levels were still high in the sediment and this situation induced the tolerance of bacteria to some heavy metals.     

热脱附/气相色谱法测定空气中含硫化合物

以固体CO2为冷却试剂，使空气中含硫化合物有效富集在-70℃条件下TANEX复合吸附管内，样品管在热脱附装置中120℃下解吸后，采用气相色谱脉冲式火焰光度检测器测定硫化氢、甲硫醇、二甲二硫和甲硫醚，优化了试验条件。4种含硫化合物检出限为0.1ng—0.5ng，标准管测定的RSD为12.7％—16.3％，实际气样加标回收率为78.3％—87.7％。