《中国环境监测》投稿须知

《中国环境监测》是由国家环保总局主管,中国环境监测总站主办的环境监测中央级科技期刊。本刊为全国中文核心期刊、中国科技核心期刊,国内外公开发行。《中国环境监测》坚持学术性、专业性与实用性相结合的办刊原则。宣传国家环保总局关于环境监测工作的方针、政策,介绍国内外先进的环境监测技术,交流环境监测的科研成果。设有监测管理、分析测试、采样技术、优化布点、质量保证、污染源监测、应急监测、信息技术、数据处理、环境评价、监测仪器、综述与专论等栏目。本刊热忱欢迎国内外专家、学者投稿。一、征稿要求稿件内容应与本刊办刊方…     

石油化工业对周边土壤中金属元素的影响分析

在黄岛石油化工区周边采集土壤样品27个,测定土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等元素,并运用统计分析、土壤质量综合指数法对测定结果做系统分析。结果表明,除As外,黄岛石油化工区周边土壤中Cd、Cu、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的测定均值均超过青岛市土壤背景值。Cd、Pb、Zn空间分布大体一致,测定值最高的地方均是离石油化工区最近的地方。Cr、Cu、Ni离石油化工区越远,测定值越低。而Hg则相反,离石油化工区越远测定值越高。黄岛石油化工区周边土壤不宜用作农用地,除1处不宜用作建设用地Ⅰ类外,其他均可作为建设用地Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类。     

汉字DBASEⅣ在环境监测实验数据管理中的应用

随着环境科学的发展,环境样品实验数据的科学化管理显得更为重要。现行的实验数据管理多数采用手工方法进行收集、整理、保存及使用,资料的储存也多数采用分散的、多层次传统方法,既花费许多人力、物力,又使数据的可靠性难以保证,数据应发挥的效益受到一定的限制。本文试用汉字DBASEⅣ探讨了环境监测实验数据管理系统,以《环境监测技术规范》为基础,利用计算机对环境监测原始数据统一输入、修改、编辑、分类、检索、统计计算、集中贮存、分级管理、综合判断。其特点:     

欢迎订阅2021年《中国环境监测》

正《中国环境监测》创刊于1985年,是由生态环境部主管、中国环境监测总站主办的环保科技学术期刊,是全国中文核心期刊、中国科技核心期刊。国际标准连续出版物号:ISSN 1002-6002,国内统一连续出版物号:CN 11-2861/X。期刊一贯坚持学术性、专业性与实用性相结合的办刊原则,宣传国家有关环境保护工作的方针、政策、法规,介绍国内外先进的环境管理理念和环境监测技术,交流环境监测科研成果。设有特约来稿、特别关注、监测管理、分析测试、调查评价、应急预警、自动监测、环境遥感、仪器设备等栏目。所载文章具有重要的指导作用,是从事环保、监测工作的管理干部和科技人员的必备工具书。期刊为大16开,双月刊,每年出版6期,每双月月末出版,国内外公开发行。每期定价人民币70元,全年定价人民币420元。     

上海主要土属Cu、Zn、Mn、Co、As的背景值

按照上属研究背景值,全国为数不多,在上海是首次。按照1m深剖面的自然发生层,提出了黄泥、青黄土、潮沙泥、青黄泥、沟干泥、沟干潮泥、青紫泥、旱作灰潮土、黄夹砂、砂夹黄、盐土和盐化土12个主要土属各层的Cu、Zn、Mn、Co、As的背景值。其Cu、Mn、Co和As的含量,以盐土最高,盐化土其次,砂夹黄最低。经方差分析,各土属间几种元素均有不同程度的差异。     

ICP-MS法同时测定饮用水中多种元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定饮用水中Al、Ag、Be、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Ti、Tl、V、Zn等16种元素的方法。对仪器工作参数、测定的同位素、测定方法等进行了研究。本方法的检出限为0.03～0.30μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.9%～3.6%,加标回收率为90.5%～112.6%。方法准确、快速、简便,线性范围大,灵敏度高,适合清洁水样中多种痕量元素的分析测定。     

鄱阳湖沉积物重金属空间分布及潜在生态风险评价

通过分析鄱阳湖沉积物重金属空间分布特征,评价其潜在生态风险,并探讨了主要重金属污染来源。结果表明:鄱阳湖沉积物7种重金属元素Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn含量平均值分别为0.67、0.078、17、51、72、42.9、117 mg/kg,除Cd外,其余6种元素均明显高于相应的背景值。从空间分布来看,Cd、Cr含量总体呈现东南、西北部偏高的现象,而Hg、Cu、Pb含量总体呈现东南部偏高的现象,As、Zn的含量分布相对平均。Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn 4种金属元素之间存在极显著相关性,表明这些元素污染具有同源性。潜在生态风险评价结果显示,单个重金属潜在生态风险顺序为CuHgPbCdAsCrZn;从综合潜在生态风险分析来看,整个湖区的RI值为46.4~476.3,平均值为165.4,属于中等潜在生态危害,其中湖区东南部综合潜在生态风险最高。Cu、Hg、Pb等重金属主要来自乐安河流域工业排放。     

洞庭湖表层沉积物中重金属污染特征、来源与生态风险

选择洞庭湖9个有代表性的样点,研究了洞庭湖表层沉积物中重金属的空间分布特征、主要来源与生态风险。结果表明,洞庭湖Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cr的含量分别为0.60~20.70、0.090~0.640、10.4~83.7、17.9~70.9、16.9~95.8、59.0~199.0 mg/kg,Cd、As出现超过土壤环境质量三级标准的现象,是主要重金属污染物;Cd、Hg的空间分布相似,表现为南洞庭湖区西洞庭湖区东洞庭湖区;As、Cu、Pb、Cr的空间分布相似,表现为南洞庭湖区东洞庭湖区西洞庭湖区。相关分析结果显示:As、Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb之间呈显著正相关,Cr与其它重金属之间没有显著的相关性。主成分分析结果表明,第一主成分的Hg、As、Cd主要受工矿业采冶支配,第二主成分的Cr、Pb、Cu主要与生活污水排放和农业生产有关。沉积物质量基准法初步评价结果表明,洞庭湖Cd、Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cr等重金属均具有引起较低生态风险的可能性,部分点位Cd、As、Cr具有引起较高生态风险的可能性。受Cd、As含量较高的影响,南洞庭湖区具有较高的生态风险。     

降雪中金属元素组成与城市大气环境的关系探讨

尝试利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱,定性测定了降雪中49种金属元素,发现其中Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cd在大气中存在,Mg、Ca、Sr、Mn相对于参比溶液含量较多,说明雪水中溶解了大气环境中的一些金属离子。因此,降雪带有大气环境的一些信息。借助于降水,能够了解大气环境的污染状况,为检测和分析城市大气环境变化提供依据。     

萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中的微量In和Tl

1.前言 In、Tl在土壤中的含量分别是0.01和0.2ppm,属于稀散元素,按地球化学分类属于亲石元素。In的生理功能研究较少,而Tl是有毒元素。 矿物、岩石中In、Tl的测定多采用H_2SO_4—KBr/MIBK萃取,无火焰原子吸收法测定,也有的用MIBK萃取溴化物的离子缔合物后用分光光度法测定。土壤中In,Tl的分析方法报导较少,由于K、Na、Ca、Mg、Ba、Pb、Cu、Ni、Mn、Fe、Al以及SO_4~(2-)、ClO_4~-、NO_3~-等干扰直接原子吸收测定,故须适当分离。     

锅炉烟尘测试中锅炉负荷率的计算方法探讨

GB5468 -91规定 ,锅炉烟尘测试时 ,必须对锅炉的运行负荷进行测试 ,而实际监测过程中 ,许多锅炉房不具备测试的计量条件 ,为了解决这一问题 ,文章提出利用烟气量和空气过剩系数计算锅炉负荷率。在实际监测工作中 ,该方法方便、易于操作 ,所得结果和标准规定方法所得结果有很好的一致性     

城市空气质量周报效用分析

介绍了世界上一些发达国家的空气污染预报的做法和采取的措施，阐述了我国开展空气质量预报的方针和方法，指出了周报是预报的基础工作。叙述了我国空气质量周报的污染参数的选取、污染指数的分级及其浓度限值和污染指数计算及确定，分析并总结了开展城市空气质量周报所发挥的效用是提高公众的环保意识，加大了治理污染的力度，转变了环境监测的职能，促进了环境监测事业的发展     

水中总硬度测量不确定度的评定

采用EDTA滴定法测定水质总硬度的测量不确定度评定。充分考虑测量重复性、标准溶液的配制、滴定等过程对测量的影响,计算水中总硬度的测量相对合成标准不确定度为1·81×10-3。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施GB/T15481-2000 idt ISO/IEC17025:1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》的过程中,通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析,识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节,提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法,对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

“湖泛”恶臭物质分析及来源浅析

介绍了中国南方"湖泛"中的恶臭物质及检测情况,采用常规分析和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对"湖泛"水样进行检测,认为"湖泛"恶臭物主要是氨和硫醚类物质。根据"湖泛"发生的时间及频次,结合南方地区农业水稻秧田的农药使用情况,推断氨基甲酸酯类农药的使用可能是"湖泛"发生的诱因。     

贵州黔东南州三板溪水库春季拟多甲藻水华特征

2011年3月13日对贵州省黔东南州三板溪水库进行春季浮游植物调查的结果表明,三板溪水库Ⅱ号采样点(下革东)发生以佩纳形拟多甲藻为优势种的拟多甲藻水华,细胞密度高达1.15×10⁷cell/L;板溪水库总氮的最低值为2.09 mg/L,总磷的最低值为0.95 mg/L,三板溪水库的总氮、总磷含量较丰富,不存在总氮或总磷是限制性因子;通过SPSS16.0统计软件分别进行Pearson 积距相关系数分析表明,氮磷比是三板溪水库发生拟多甲藻水华的主要影响原因。     

Environmental Assessment of the Impact of Ozone to the Neuston of the Sea-Surface Microlayer of the Gulf of Mexico

Substantial amounts of NOx (146 000 t/y) and total hydrocarbons (294 000 t/y) are released to the marine atmosphere by the large number of oil and gas operations over Federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Under appropriate meteorological conditions these emissions react to form ozone (0–54 g/m3 over-water) which can affect the marine environment. Using a dry deposition model, this work examines the amount of ozone derived from oil and gas offshore operations and deposited in the sea surface of the Gulf of Mexico, and assesses its impact on the neuston of the sea-surface microlayer. Surface integrated estimates of ozone deposited from oil and gas operations over the sea surface ranges from 400 kg to 1800 kg which results in sea surface concentrations of 15 g/m3. This estimate and the actual toxic ozone levels suggest no acute, toxic impacts to the neuston. However, indirect effects may occur through changes to the pelagic foodwebs and organic carbon pathways. Another potential pathway for ozone impacting the environment is through the production of bromate. Based on the concentrations and time scales (11–139 days) only sublethal effects appear to occur, but uncertainties associated with this assessment need to be further studied. From an ecological perspective, the environmental impacts and risks of NOx and VOC discharges from offshore platforms need to be assessed for neuston and other components of the marine ecosystem.     

Fractionation of heavy metals and assessment of contamination of the sediments of Lake Titicaca

Chemical weathering is one of the major geochemical processes that control the mobilization of heavy metals. The present study provides the first report on heavy metal fractionation in sediments (8–156 m) of Lake Titicaca (3,820 m a.s.l.), which is shared by the Republic of Peru and the Plurinational State of Bolivia. Both contents of total Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, Mn, Cd, Pb, and Zn and also the fractionation of these heavy metals associated with four different fractions have been determined following the BCR scheme. The principal component analysis suggests that Co, Ni, and Cd can be attributed to natural sources related to the mineralized geological formations. Moreover, the sources of Cu, Fe, and Mn are effluents and wastes generated from mining activities, while Pb and Zn also suggest that their common source is associated to mining activities. According to the Risk Assessment Code, there is a moderate to high risk related to Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn, Co, and Ni mobilization and/or remobilization from the bottom sediment to the water column. Furthermore, the Geoaccumulation Index and the Enrichment Factor reveal that Zn, Pb, and Cd are enriched in the sediments. The results suggest that the effluents from various traditional mining waste sites in both countries are the main source of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of Lake Titicaca.     

Evaluation of method of preparation of passive diffusion tubes for measurement of ambient nitrogen dioxide

This study was carried out in response to suggestions that the measurement of NO(2) by Palmes-type passive diffusion tubes (PDT) is affected by the method of preparation of the triethanolamine (TEA) absorbent coating on the grids. The following combinations of factors were investigated: TEA solvent (acetone or water), volume composition of TEA in solvent (50% or 20%), and grid coating method (dipping in solution prior to assembly or pipetting solution on after assembly). Duplicate PDTs prepared by each of the 8 methods were exposed in parallel, in urban air, for a total of 80 separate 1 week exposures. NO(2) concentrations derived from PDTs prepared by pipetting methods were significantly less precise than concentrations from dipping methods, with mean RSDs for duplicate measurements of 13.8% and 8.5%, respectively (n= 316 each category). Pipetting methods using solutions of 50% TEA composition were particularly imprecise (mean RSD 17.2%). Data from PDTs prepared by pipetting methods were systematically more poorly correlated with each other and with data from co-located chemiluminescence analysers, than corresponding data from PDTs prepared by dipping methods, indicating that more consistent accuracy was also obtained by the latter PDTs. The statistical evidence suggested that PDTs prepared by pipetting 50% TEA in water generally gave lower NO(2) concentrations. Although this is in agreement with a previous study, it is also possible that such an observation here may be a statistical artefact given the demonstrably poorer precision of this method. The general tendency of PDTs to show positive bias in NO(2) measurement in urban air in 1 week exposures was again evident in this study (mean biases at roadside and urban centre locations of +35% (n= 475) and +18% (n= 112), respectively) consistent with augmentation of within-tube NO(2) flux by chemical reaction between co-diffusing NO and O(3). Overall, it is recommended that the pipetting method of PDT grid preparation is avoided, or at least investigated further, because of the apparent degradation in precision and accuracy of NO(2) measurement. Potential reasons for the effect are discussed.     

氨氮测量不确定度的评定

采用纳氏试剂光度法测定水质氨氮的测量不确定度评定,应该考虑工作曲线、测量重复性、标准溶液、仪器读数分辨率等对测量的影响.