兰州市SO2分担率分布与大气环境总量控制的探讨

利用历年兰州市环境质量报告书和有关该市大气环境研究课题、厂矿评价资料和结论，对兰州市区各网格点内ＳＯ２年排放量和采暖期排放量分担率分别进行了绘图分析。依据分担率分布特征和盛行风向，定性验证了兰州市区各采样点ＳＯ２监测值的分布特征。     

武汉市城区大气监测优化布点研究

对武汉市城区网格布点实测ＴＳＰ、ＳＯ２获取了城区大气污染总体水平的数据，运用Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ最优分割方法，求出城区５个优化测点数，运用模糊聚类方法对武汉城区４８个网格测点的ＴＳＰ、ＳＯ２污染强度置信水平进行聚类；运用日均值和百分位数逼近方法检验；结合优化布点原则等，最终确定的ＴＳＰ、ＳＯ２的５个优化测点能集中反映城区大气环境中ＴＳＰ、ＳＯ２的总体污染水平。     

用甲醛法测定SO2的影响因素及质量保证措施

探讨了甲醛法测定ＳＯ_２浓度时ＰＲＡ浓度和实验温度对ＳＯ_２曲线斜率的影响。根据实验结果，提出测定ＳＯ_２方法１的实验室质量保证措施，得出不同显色温度的显色时间；ＲＳＤ小于４％，系统误差小、精密度好、准确度高。     

浙江省环保重点城市CO2排放的控制模式

通过分析城市ＳＯ２地面浓度来源，运用高、中、低架源对地面污染物浓度贡献的理论及高斯烟羽模式推出ＳＯ２空气质量管理模式，确定了城市ＳＯ２地面环境质量的控制目标。     

乐山市大气中二氧化硫与硫酸盐化速率、降水硫酸盐的相关性分析

乐山市大气中二氧化硫与硫酸盐化速率、降水硫酸盐的相关性分析赵志坚（乐山市环保科研监测所６１４０００）大气中的硫化物主要是ＳＯ２、ＳＯ３、Ｈ２Ｓ、Ｈ２ＳＯ４及硫酸盐，ＳＯ存在大气中大多被氧化成硫酸雾和硫酸盐气溶胶，降水能将大气中的可溶性成分以及颗粒物清...     

离子色谱法同时测定水中的SeO_3~（2－）和SeO_4~（2－）

用抑制型离子色谱法探讨了ＳｅＯ３（２）和ＳｅＯ４（２－）等七种阴离子的洗脱行为，讨论了共存阴离子的干扰及其消除，建立了测定水中ｓｅＯ３（２－）和ＳｅＯ４（２－）等阴离子的方法．ＳｅＯ３（２－）和ＳｅＯ４（２－）的检测限分别为４０μｇ／Ｌ和５０μｇ／Ｌ．     

甲醛法在测定固定污染源排放SO2浓度中的应用

对用注射器采样甲醛法测定高浓度ＳＯ２样气精密度、准确度，采样效率，样品的稳定性进行了研究，并应用于燃煤，燃油锅炉排气中ＳＯ２浓度的测定，同时与碘量法结果进行比较和评价，表明注射器采样甲醛法测定了ＳＯ２基本可行。     

汽车尾车催化剂酸性表面抗SO_2中毒的研究

汽车尾气催化剂的主要组分是碱性的过渡金属氧化物，容易吸附ＳＯ２而中毒，如果在催化剂上形成酸性表面，就可以显著降低催化剂对ＳＯ２的吸附，从而减缓中毒的发生。本文对此进行了实验研究。用ＳｎＣｌ４溶液浸渍Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体，焙烧后生成的ＳｎＯ２，在催化剂上形成酸性表面这一点已经Ｘ射线衍射分析证实。它提高了抗中毒性。效果十分明显，但初活性也有下降，因为表面被活性较低的ＳｎＯ２所复盖，这一点还有待进一步研究改进。     

扬州市区大气环境质量的综合评价

扬州市区大气环境质量的综合评价高明慧（江苏扬州市环境监测站，２２５００２）仅考虑必测项目ＳＯ２、ＮＯｘ和ＴＳＰ，则因素集为设由ＳＯ２，ＮＯｘ和ＴＳＰ的权重构成的权重集为Ａ为Ｕ上的模糊子集，ａｉ表示为式中Ｓｉｊ为第ｉ种因素的第ｊ级标准，Ｘｉ为第ｉ种因素...     

发生氢气分离离子色谱法间接测定水中硫化物

利用ＫＢＨ４在酸性条件下分解产生的氢气为载气分离水中硫化物，用ＮａＯＨ—Ｈ２Ｏ２溶液吸收Ｈ２Ｓ，并将其氧化为ＳＯ２－４，用离子色谱法测定ＳＯ２－４。方法用于各种水样中硫化物的测定，相对标准偏差为１．５８％，回收率在９０．５％到９８．２％之间。方法适用于水中硫化物的测定     

乌鲁木齐市采暖季空气质量变化趋势分析

为了定量评价乌鲁木齐市采暖季空气污染近五年的治理成效，给环境治理决策提供科学依据，运用回归分析方法，对乌鲁木齐市采暖季空气质量的浓度、级别和变化规律进行回归分析。分析结果表明，PM10、SO2、NO2三项污染物的浓度都有所下降，空气质量级别的污染天数呈现明显的月变化规律。乌鲁木齐市采暖季空气的重污染状况有所遏制，但SO2污染凸现，在下一步的治理工作中，加强尘污染治理的同时要加大对SO2的治理力度。     

Atmospheric aerosol concentration level and chemical characteristics of water-soluble ionic species in wintertime in Beijing,China

Total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected during wintertime from November 24, 1998 to February 12, 1999 in Beijing. Ionic species including Cl-, NO3(-), SO4(2-), Na+, NH4(+), K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were determined by Ion Chromatography (IC). The sum average concentration of all the determined ions accounted for 18.9% of the TSP concentration, and SO4(2-) appeared the dominant ion with an average concentration of 30.84 microg m(-3); the sum mass concentration of SO4(2-), NO3(-), Ca2+ and NH4(+) accounted for about 83.2% of all the eight ions measured. The study indicated that the chemical form of sulfate and ammonium varies with TSP concentration levels. During heavy pollution periods, the average TSP concentration was 0.66 mg m(-3), and the NH4(+)/SO4(2-) molar ratio was low (0.58). It indicated that sulfate may present as CaSO4 and (NH4)2SO4 x CaSO4 x 2H2O. When TSP concentration (average 0.186 mg m(-3)) was relatively low, the NH4(+)/SO4(2-) molar ratio was 1.94, close to the theoretical ratio of 2 of (NH4)2SO4. Under this condition (NH4)2SO4 is expected to exist as the major form of sulfate. When the TSP concentration level was medium (average 0.35 mg m(-3)), the NH4+/SO4(2-) molar ratio appeared an average value (1.27), (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2SO4 x CaSO4 x 2H2O and CaSO4 are expected to be present in those aerosol particles. Meteorological conditions including wind speed and wind direction were related to the TSP concentration level.     

Study of meteorological aspects and urban concentration of SO2 in atmospheric environment of La Plata, Argentina

This article presents and discusses SO(2) (ppbv) concentration measurements combined with meteorological data (mainly wind speed and direction) for a five-year campaign (1996 to 2000), in a site near an oil refinery plant close to the city of La Plata and surroundings (aprox. 740.000 inh.), considered one of the six most affected cities by air pollution in the country. Since there is no monitoring network in the area, the obtained results should be considered as medium term accumulated data that enables to determine trends by analyzing together gas concentrations and meteorological parameters. Preliminary characterization of the behaviour of the predominant winds of the region in relation with potential atmospheric gas pollutants from seasonal wind roses is possible to carry out from the data. These results are complemented with monthly averaged SO(2) measurements. In particular, for year 2000, pollutant roses were determined which enable predictions about contamination emission sources. As a general result we can state that there is a clear increase in annual SO(2) concentration and that the selected site should be considered as a key site for future survey monitoring network deployment. Annual SO(2) average concentration and prevailing seasonal winds determined in this work, together with the potential health impact of SO(2) reveals the need for a comprehensive and systematic study involving particulate matter an other basic pollutant gases.     

Determination of O3, NO2, SO2, CO and PM10 measured in Belgrade urban area

O(3), NO(2), SO(2), CO and PM(10) concentrations, simultaneously determined for the first time in Belgrade urban area in the autumnal period of 2005, are presented. The obtained results display similar behaviour of SO(2), NO(2), CO, PM(10) opposite from that of O(3). The weekend effect was also investigated showing diminution of average daily concentrations of SO(2), NO(2), PM(10) and CO for 72, 40, 37 and 42% respectively, and increase of the average daily concentration of O(3) for 56%. Influence of meteorological conditions on observed concentration levels was studied, too. The observed influence of wind speed on the O(3) nightly concentration levels was analyzed pointing to the phenomena of O(3) transport during episodic measurements. To make an identification of possible pollution sources and analyse the influence of meteorological parameters on pollution levels, air back trajectories for high level concentrations episodes were calculated and analysed. A multivariate receptor modelling (Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis) has been applied to a set of data in order to determine the contribution of different sources. It was found that the main principal components, extracted from the air pollution data, were related to gasoline combustion, oil combustion and ozone transport.     

Spatial variability of air pollutants in the city of Taranto, Italy and its potential impact on exposure assessment

Epidemiological studies typically use monitored air pollution data from a single station or as averaged data from several stations to estimate population exposure. In industrialized urban areas, this approach may present critical issues due to the spatial complexities of air pollutants which are emitted by different sources. This study focused on the city of Taranto, which is one of the most highly industrialized cities in southern Italy. Epidemiological studies have revealed several critical situations in this area, in terms of mortality excess and short-term health effects of air pollution. The aims of this paper are to study the variability of air pollutants in the city of Taranto and to interpret the results in relation to the applicability of the data in assessing population exposure. Meteorological and pollution data (SO2, NO2, PM10), measured simultaneously and continuously during the period 2006–2010 in five air quality stations, were analyzed. Relative and absolute spatial concentration variations were investigated by means of statistical indexes. Results show significant differences among stations. The highest correlation between stations was observed for PM10 concentrations, while critical values were found for NO2. The worst values were observed for the SO2 series. The high values of 90th percentile of differences between pairs of monitoring sites for the three pollutants index suggest that mean concentrations differ by large amounts from site to site. The overall analysis supports the hypothesis that various parts of the city are differently affected by the different emission sources, depending on meteorological conditions. In particular, analysis revealed that the influence of the industrial site may be primarily identified with the series of SO2 data which exhibit higher mean concentration values and positive correlations with wind intensity when the monitoring station is downwind from the industrial site. Results suggest evaluating the population exposure to air pollutants in industrialized cities by taking into account the possible zones of influence of different emission sources. More research is needed to identify an indicator, which ought to be a synthesis of several pollutants, and take into account the meteorological variables.     

张掖市SO2控制区污染源的解析

张掖市是国务院划定的SO2污染控制区之一,其SO2污染严重程度居全国前列,本研究以环境空气SO2监测和SO2污染源监测调查为基础,以ATDL模式为模拟手段,对张掖市SO2控制区的污染源进行了解析,分析找出造成该控制区SO2污染的根本原因,从而为制定SO2污染总量控制方案奠定科学基础。     

基于MapInfo的大气污染物复合多源模式研究及应用

研究了在MapInfp环境下的大气污染物复合多源模式,利用MapBasic编制了不同风向条件下的污染源坐标转换程序,同时利用Surfer软件绘制了污染物浓度等值线,并在MapInfo中与基础底图叠加。通过对某工业区SO2长期平均浓度的预测,证明复合多源模式在环境影响评价中具有很好的应用价值。     

Evaluation of air pollution phytotoxicity in a seasonally dry tropical urban environment

This study was conducted in the urban environment of Varanasi, India, to evaluate the plant responses to urban air pollution. Twenty sites were selected in four different zones of the city. At each site, seven woody perennials of same age classes were selected. Out of the four zones (I, II, III and IV), zone IV was used as a reference (control) zone as it received the minimum pollution input. Plant species growing in polluted and control areas were compared with respect to foliar dust load, per cent leaf area injury, leaf area, specific leaf weight and chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, SO ₄ ^2– S and total N concentration in the leaves. Results indicated that the air pollution level in Varanasi causes leaf damage, reduces leaf area, specific leaf weight and chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and total N concentrations in the leaves. Sulphur concentration in leaves increased with increasing level of SO₂ in the ambient air. The magnitude of such changes was maximum at the zone receiving maximum pollution load. Carissa carandas was found to be the most sensitive species and Bougainvillea spectabilis, the least. The study shows that the urban air pollution level in Varanasi is detrimental for the growth of plants involved in this study.     

Air Quality Status of Visakhapatnam (India) – Indices Basis

Industrial development in Visakhapatnam is conspicuous to urban agglomeration and the city is located in a topographical bowl formed by two-hill ranges. A major portion of the city is within the bowl area wherein most of the industrial and commercial activities are existing and lies within a distance of 10 km from the shore of the Bay of Bengal. Due to the peculiar geographic location of city, wind movement is either eastern or western and is engulfed within the hill ranges. Hence, there is a possibility of buildup of air pollution levels within the city. Due to gravity of prevailing situation, air quality status of Visakhapatnam on indices basis is analyzed using a non-linear equation for variable parameters i.e. Suspended particulate matter (SPM). Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)), which are main criteria pollutants in India. For current analysis seasonal air quality data is used, which indicates SPM values in winter at most of the sites and in summer at few sites are exceeding the prescribed standards. Calculated indices reveal that, in winter as well as in summer, most of the locations experienced poor or bad air quality, which is mainly due to higher concentration of SPM and certain extent of SO2 values. Application of Oak Ridge Air Quality Index (ORAQI) type equations (non-linear) are helpful for air quality management plan in the region on long-term basis and it has been also observed that there are certain lapses of weightage assignment for individual pollutant in application.