江苏省环境质量变化相关性分析

深入考察环境质量变化的情况、分析环境质量变化的规律,需要比较分析环境质量的变化及与经济发展的相关性,才能更准确地把握环境的变化轨迹。对江苏省1996年以来,尤其“十五”期间环境质量变化与经济发展及资源消耗等指标进行比较和相关性分析,对经济投入与环境质量变化之间的相关性也进行了分析。     

上海市环境空气质量时间变化规律及其成因分析

对上海市9个环境空气监测国控点2001-2003年的SO2、NO2和PM10监测数据,按时间段进行统计分析,并对3种空气污染物的日变化趋势和规律进行归纳分析。指出对环境空气质量和空气污染物时间变化产生影响的主要原因为大气扩散条件的时间变化影响和污染源排放的时间变化影响。     

湖北省2005-2009年生态环境状况评价分析

利用遥感解译数据分析了湖北省2005—2009年的土地利用变化,同时根据《生态环境状况评价技术规范(试行)》(HJ/T 192—2006),对该区域生态环境状况进行综合评价,对生态环境指标变化情况进行对比分析。结果表明,2005—2009年湖北省的生态环境状况均为良好,生态环境状况指数保持在70左右。这期间指数值变化主要受水网密度指数和环境质量指数影响,变化幅度均小于2,属于无明显变化级别。     

重庆市主城区大气环境质量变化分析及对策研究

对重庆市主城区大气污染因子二氧化硫、氮氧化物、总悬浮颗粒物近年来的变化进行了分析,并对大气环境质量变化的影响及原因进行了研讨,提出了综合控制及治理的对策和措施,以期对重庆市经济大力发展和造就良好的人居环境提供有价值的依据和理论指导。     

基于遥感和Markov模型的新疆生产建设兵团土地利用变化

通过对兵团土地利用空间格局变化分析,选择合适的土地利用政策保护生态环境。运用RS和GIS技术对兵团近10年土地利用/覆被变化及景观格局空间变化进行分析,并在此基础上运用Markov模型对未来30年土地利用变化进行预测。2000—2010年,新疆生产建设兵团景观多样性升高,连通性增强,形状愈来愈简单,景观格局整体变化不大;草地、灌丛、湿地、荒漠和冰川/永久积雪面积减少,耕地和城镇面积增加,森林保持稳定;人为干扰对土地利用结构的变化具有重要作用,土地利用强度受人为活动影响的同时受土地利用政策影响;在未来30年间耕地和城镇面积继续增加,除森林基本保持不变外其他土地利用类型均减小。兵团城镇用地与草地和耕地之间的矛盾逐渐显现,势必引起兵团生态格局的变化。因此,必须实行合适的土地利用政策保护环境。     

塔里木河重要生态功能区生态环境质量评价

采用长时间多源遥感数据对塔里木河重要生态功能区进行了土地利用变化、植被指数分析,同时结合多年地面调查监测数据,系统分析了区域生态环境变化情况,并对近五年区域生态环境质量开展了评价,环境质量变化值ΔI为2.58,生态环境质量略有下降,其中环境状况指标和植被覆盖率指数起主导作用。     

太湖浮游植物种类组成时空变化规律

从2010年的3月到2010年的10月，通过春、夏、秋3个季度的采样，对太湖东部的浮游植物种类组成及其变化进行渊查，发现浮游植物92属279种，太湖东部五个采样点位的浮游植物常见种季节变化明显，而各湖区浮游植物种类绀成空间变化较小。通过对太湖东部浮游植物种类组成的时空变化的规律的初步探索，为预警监测及水环境保护提供技术支持。     

乌鲁木齐市土地利用景观格局变化研究

运用GIS、RS技术及景观生态学理论和方法,基于乌鲁木齐市2006年和2010年遥感影像解译数据,对乌鲁木齐市5年间土地利用景观格局变化特征进行分析,分别从斑块类型和景观水平2个方面对研究区土地利用景观类型进行动态分析。揭示其变化原因和内在规律,为研究区生态治理提供数据支撑,对景观的规划与管理、资源的有效利用和生物多样性保护具有重要意义。     

苏州河近20年水质状况研究

通过对近20年来上海市苏州河沿程13个断面的常规水质监测教据进行整理分析,总结各常规监测指标项目的变化趋势.并通过分析沿程水质变化和几项重要水质指标的比值变化并探讨了变化的原因,从而得出上海市苏州河水质得到明显改善的结论.     

奎屯市一水厂水质现状及趋势分析

利用1996 - 2005年的地下水质监测数据,对奎屯市饮用水源地进行了现状评价,选择奎屯市一水厂作为研究目标,对总硬度、硝酸盐氮和硫酸盐三项指标的变化趋势进行分析,并对其变化成因进行了探讨.     

近年来淮河干流氮污染状况与变化趋势

对淮河干流1990年至2002年氮污染和溶解氧监测数据的分析表明,沿淮河干流上游至下游氮污染加重,溶解氧含量降低。在一年中的6～9月,淮河干流无机氮和溶解氧浓度为最低。溶解氧的浓度直接影响到氨氮向亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮转化这一氧化自净过程。     

2013—2020年泸沽湖溶解氧随时间变化规律及主要影响因素分析

泸沽湖坐落于川滇交界处,是中国典型高原淡水湖泊。对泸沽湖水质的客观评价对于其规划保护及保护成效评估极为重要。鉴于溶解氧常常成为决定泸沽湖水质类别的唯一关键指标,在综合分析泸沽湖2013—2020年连续8年水环境主要指标变化的基础上,着重分析了溶解氧随季节、年际等的变化情况及其主要影响因素。结果表明,溶解氧浓度及饱和率存在明显的季节和年际波动。其中:溶解氧浓度一般是在春季升至全年最高,夏季末降低,并在秋冬季维持低位;溶解氧饱和率则是夏秋季节最高,冬季最低。溶解氧浓度的季节变化与水温显著负相关,而溶解氧饱和率的季节变化和水温、pH显著正相关;溶解氧浓度及饱和率的年际变化与水质主要指标均不存在显著相关关系。受高海拔低气压影响,虽然采取了大气压和温度补偿校准,但泸沽湖溶解氧浓度仍不易达到Ⅰ类水质标准限值(7.5 mg/L);而优良的水质加之茂盛的水生植被使得其溶解氧饱和率长期处于较高水平,可以达到Ⅰ类标准限值(90%)。因此,在自然环境特征类似于泸沽湖的水质优良高原湖泊,优先以饱和率作为溶解氧的评价指标更为合理。     

地表水中BOD 5监测时的快速估算

阐述了BOD5与溶解氧之间的相关性,提出可以通过溶解氧和水温估算BOD5值,但是,首先要建立水样稀释前溶解氧与BOD5的相关关系.举例说明了对地表水中BOD5值的估算和稀释倍数确定的应用.     

袁河袁州区段溶解氧过饱和成因分析及防治

2020年8月15日袁河袁州区段(棚下-袁河水厂取水口)出现溶解氧过饱和现象,为了解该河段溶解氧的变化及提高河道流量前后对水生态环境的影响,将该段河道分为6个监测断面,于8月16—24日监测每个监测点的常规水质、浮游植物群落结构、溶解氧和实时流量.结果表明:自然状态下袁河袁州区段溶解氧沿水流方向从6.8 mg/L逐渐增...     

An approach for identifying the causes of benthic degradation in Chesapeake Bay

We developed an index to differentiate between low dissolved oxygen effects and sediment contamination effects for sites classified as degraded by the Chesapeake Bay Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI), using discriminant analysis. We tested 126 metrics for differences between sites with low dissolved oxygen and sites with contaminated sediments. A total of 16 benthic community metrics met the variable selection criteria and were used to develop a discriminant function that classified degraded sites into one of two stress groups. The resulting discriminant function correctly classified 77% of the low dissolved oxygen sites and 80% of the contaminated sites in the validation data.     

CHARACTERIZING DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONDITIONS IN ESTUARINE ENVIRONMENTS

Dissolved oxygen concentration, which is often measured inestuaries to quantify the results of and stresses associatedwith eutrophication, can be highly variable with time of dayand tidal stage. To assess how well dissolved oxygenconditions are characterized by typical monitoring programs,we conducted Monte Carlo sampling from 16 semi-continuous,31-day dissolved oxygen records collected from estuaries alongthe Atlantic and Gulf coasts to mimic three samplingstrategies: (1) systematic point-in-time sampling, (2) randompoint-in-time sampling, and (3) short-term continuous records.These strategies were evaluated for their accuracy inestimating mean oxygen concentration, minimum oxygenconcentration, and percent of time below a threshold value of2 ppm. Mean dissolved oxygen concentration was most accuratelyestimated in both estuarine regions by random point-in-timesampling, but this strategy required more than ten samplingsper month for the estimate to be within 0.5 ppm on 50% of thesimulations. Short-term continuous sampling (24–48 h)correctly identified estuaries in the Gulf of Mexico regionwhere dissolved oxygen concentrations of less than 2 ppm wereexperienced greater than 20% of the time. However, largetidal variations in Atlantic coast estuaries showed thismeasure to be inaccurate in these estuarine environments. Noneof the sampling strategies correctly identified month-longoxygen minima within 0.5 ppm for more than 50% of thesimulations. This inability to characterize correctlydissolved oxygen conditions could add significant uncertaintyto risk assessments, waste load allocation models, and otherwater quality evaluations that are the basis for developingwastewater treatment strategies and requirements. Perhaps moreimportantly, the inaccuracy with which conventional samplingprocedures characterize minimum dissolved oxygen valuessuggests that the extent of hypoxia in estuarine waters inbeing substantially underestimated.     

Assessing the influence of nutrient reduction on water quality using a three-dimensional model: case study in a tidal estuarine system

A coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality model has been developed and applied to the Danshuei River estuarine system and adjacent coastal sea. The water quality model considers various species of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and phytoplankton as well as dissolved oxygen and is driven by a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The hydrodynamic and water quality models were validated with observations of water surface elevation, velocity, salinity distribution, and water quality parameters. Statistical error analysis shows that predictions of hydrodynamics, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients from the model simulation quantitatively agreed with the observed data. The validated model was then applied to predict water quality conditions as a result of a reduction in nutrient loadings based on different engineering strategies. The simulated results revealed that the dissolved oxygen concentration would increase significantly and would be higher than 2 mg/L in the main stream and in three tributaries to meet the minimum statutory requirement for dissolved oxygen. Active estuarine management focused on the reduction of anthropogenic nutrient loads is needed for improvement in water quality.     

Evaluation of sampling strategies to characterize dissolved oxygen conditions in northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries

Dissolved oxygen was continuously monitored in eight sites of northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries in August, 1990. Monte Carlo analyses on subsamples of the data were used to evaluate several commonly used monitoring strategies. Monitoring strategies which involve single point sampling of dissolved oxygen may often misclassify an estuary as having good water quality. In the case of shallow, often well-mixed estuaries that experience diurnal cycles, such monitoring often does not occur at night, during the time of lowest dissolved oxygen concentration. Our objective was to determine the minimum sampling effort required to correctly classify a site in terms of the observed frequency of hypoxia. Tests concluded that the most successful classification strategy used the minimum dissolved oxygen concentration from a continuously sampled 24-hour period.Contribution No. 745, U.S. E.P.A., Environmental Research Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561     

Numerical Modeling on the Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Nitrogen Transformation and Transport in Unsaturated Porous System

Nitrogen pollution in groundwater resulting from wastewater application to land is a common problem, and it causes a major threat to groundwater-based drinking water supplies. In this study, a numerical model is developed to study the nitrogen species transport and transformation in unsaturated porous media. Further, a new mass transfer module for dissolved oxygen (DO) is incorporated in the one-dimensional numerical model for nitrogen species transport to describe the fate and transport of nitrogen species, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and biomass. The spatial and temporal variation of dissolved oxygen is incorporated in the model through the mass transfer from gaseous phase to water phase in an unsaturated porous system. The numerical results of the water flow model and single species and multispecies transport model in an unsaturated zone developed for this purpose have been validated with the available analytical/numerical solution. The developed model is applied in clay loam, silt, and sand soils to analyze the transport behavior of nitrogen species under unsaturated condition. The numerical results suggest that the high rate of oxygen mass transfer from the air phase to the water phase positively increases the dissolved oxygen in the applied wastewater and enhances the nitrification process. Because of this high oxygen mass transfer, the nitrate nitrogen concentration significantly increases in the unsaturated zone and the same is transported to a larger depth at higher simulation period. On the other hand, the low rate of oxygen mass transfer implicitly enhances the denitrification process and finally reduces the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the unsaturated zone. The numerical results also show that the nitrate nitrogen transport is rapid in sandy soil when compared with clay loam and silty soils under high oxygen mass transfer rate. In essence, the high oxygen mass transfer rate significantly increases the nitrate nitrogen in the unsaturated zone, especially at a greater depth at larger time levels and eventually affects the groundwater quality.     

地表水BOD_5的快速预测预报

地表水五日生化需氧量（ＢＯＤ５）的测试需要五天时间，分析周期较长。本文建立了ＢＯＤ５与高锰酸盐指数（ＣＯＤＭｎ）、ＢＯＤ５与溶解氧（ＤＯ）之间的直线回归方程，通过测定地表水的ＣＯＤＭｎ和ＤＯ可分别对地表水的ＢＯＤ５实现快速预测预报。现场使用溶解氧测定仪检测ＤＯ，可立即预报地表水的ＢＯＤ５。