基于ANSYS的脱硫烟道结构有限元分析

利用ANSYS有限元数值分析软件,对章丘电厂二期烟气脱硫系统烟道结构进行3D数值计算,考察烟道结构受力和变形情况,从而对加固肋和内撑杆规格进行设计选型.结果表明,有限元分析方法对于脱硫系统结构的精准设计具有一定的指导意义.     

电除尘器钢架有限元分析

根据某工程电除尘器钢架特点,利用ANSYS建立钢架有限元模型,分析了钢架在不同工况下的应力分布及变形情况,结果表明,应用ANSYS建立的钢架模型和计算方法合理,计算结果比较可靠,该方法与结果可为类似工程所借鉴.     

石化企业废水挥发性有机物无组织排放定量方法

阐述了石化企业废水挥发性有机物(VOCs)无组织排放定量估算的必要性,介绍了手工计算法、模型计算法、气相测定法、排放系数法和物料衡算法等几种常用的估算方法及方法的适用条件和优缺点.以 WATER9 模型为主结合其他方法,对国内某石化企业废水 VOCs 无组织排放量进行了定量估算.     

电除尘器中三维离子流场的计算

本文分析了离子流场方程的性质,论证了解的存在性和唯一性,用有限元—差分法计算了离子流场的空间电荷密度、场强和离子流分布。计算数据与实际模型下的测量值相比较,其结果令人满意。该算法适用于各种极配形式电除尘器的电场分析,也可用于其它类似的物理问题,如高压输变电系统、半导体物理、电流体动力学等的计算。     

烟气脱硫吸收塔总体结构计算方法

研究了火电厂烟气脱硫吸收塔总体结构，分析了吸收塔各种荷载对结构计算的影响，运用国内有关标准规范计算吸收塔壳体厚度，为脱硫行业吸收塔的总体结构计算提供参考。     

板筋结构强度计算及最优化设计

板筋结构是除尘器的重要结构形式，其结构的强度与除尘器的安全性有着密切的关系。介绍了板筋结构在除尘器应用中的荷栽、强度计算方法，并利用VB软件进行板筋结构最优化设计。     

建筑材料再循环利用价值研究

绿色建筑材料及产品的再循环利用价值的确定似乎是一件比较简单的事情,但在绿色建筑评估体系中来具体确定其再循环价值却是非常困难的.对建筑评价体系中的建筑材料再循环价值进行初步研究和计算,该计算过程考虑了建筑材料选择、建筑结构、建筑施工、建筑拆除技术以及回收频率等,因其计算结果含有能量因素,可作为建筑材料再循环价值的计算方法.     

尿素法ADC发泡剂清洁生产评价指标体系

采用层次分析法建立了由总到分的递阶层次结构模型评价指标体系,以ADC发泡剂(偶氮二甲酰胺)生产先进企业的数据为基础,确定了各指标的基准值及权重,建立了ADC发泡剂清洁生产评价体系,介绍了定量评价指标和定性评价指标的考核评分计算方法以及企业清洁生产综合评价指数的计算方法.     

多介质逸度模型的应用与展望

介绍了源于逸度算法的多介质逸度模型。该模型具有结构简单、所需参数少、容易计算、结果表示直观、其计算方法可推广到任意数目的环境介质、预测结果对环境监测和管理具有指导意义等优点。综述了逸度模型的理论基础及近10年的发展与应用情况,并展望了多介质逸度模型的应用前景和发展趋势。     

油浸式电力变压器的噪声源及降噪对策

介绍了油浸式电力变压器噪声污染现象和噪声源,从理论上分析了噪声源及其噪声计算方法,指出了在实践中从设计方面降低噪声的具体方法以及进行变压器结构改进来抑制振动传播的工艺措施.     

On the Calculation and Interpretation of Target Load Functions

In this study critical load functions and target load functions of nitrogen and sulphur deposition with respect to acidity and minimum base cation to aluminium ratio were calculated with the SAFE model using three different averaging strategies: (1) averaging based on current forest generation, (2) averaging based on next generation and (3) averaging based on the entire simulation period. From the results it is evident that although target load calculation and indeed critical load calculation is straight forward, there is a problem in translating a predicted recovery according to the target load calculation back to a site-specific condition. We conclude that a policy strategy for emission reductions that ensures recovery, according to calculated target load functions, is likely to be beneficial from an ecosystem point of view. However, such a strategy may not be sufficient to achieve actual non-violation of the chemical criteria throughout the seasonal or rotational variations. To address this issue we propose a method for calculating dynamic critical loads which ensures that the chosen criteria is not violated.     

废弃电路板SMD元件热拆除工艺实验研究

废弃电路板元件的分离,一直是废弃电路板回收利用的难点。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立表面安装元器件(SMD)的有限元分析模型,通过对加热过程进行仿真,分析出元件分离的必要条件。     

Determinants of sustainability in solid waste management - The Gianyar Waste Recovery Project in Indonesia

According to most experts, integrated and sustainable solid waste management should not only be given top priority, but must go beyond technical aspects to include various key elements of sustainability to ensure success of any solid waste project. Aside from project sustainable impacts, the overall enabling environment is the key feature determining performance and success of an integrated and affordable solid waste system. This paper describes a project-specific approach to assess typical success or failure factors. A questionnaire-based assessment method covers issues of: (i) social mobilisation and acceptance (social element), (ii) stakeholder, legal and institutional arrangements comprising roles, responsibilities and management functions (institutional element); (iii) financial and operational requirements, as well as cost recovery mechanisms (economic element). The Gianyar Waste Recovery Project in Bali, Indonesia was analysed using this integrated assessment method. The results clearly identified chief characteristics, key factors to consider when planning country wide replication but also major barriers and obstacles which must be overcome to ensure project sustainability. The Gianyar project consists of a composting unit processing 60tons of municipal waste per day from 500,000 inhabitants, including manual waste segregation and subsequent composting of the biodegradable organic fraction.     

Aluminium: The Need for a Re-Evaluation of Its Toxicity and Solubility in Mature Forest Stands

Aluminium (Al) is a key element in critical loadcalculations for forest. Here, we argue for re-evaluating theimportance of Al. Effects of two levels of enhanced Alconcentrations and lowered Ca:Al ratios in the soil solutionin a field manipulation experiment in a mature spruce stand(1996–1999) on tree vitality parameters were tested. Inaddition, Al solubility controls were tested. Various loads ofAl were added to forest plots by means of an irrigationsystem. Potentially toxic Al concentrations and criticalratios of Ca to inorganic Al were established. The ratio of Cato total Al was not a suitable indicator for unfavourableconditions for plant growth. No significant effects on crowncondition, tree growth and fine root production were observedafter three years of treatment. In 1999, foliar Mg content inthe highest Al addition treatment had declined significantly.This agreed with the known response to Al stress of seedlingsin nutrient solution experiments. No support was found forusing the chemical criterion Ca:Al ratio in soil solution,foliar and root tissue as an indicator for forest damage dueto acidification. Al solubility was considerably lower thanimplied by the assumption of equilibrium with gibbsite,particularly in the root zone. The gibbsite equilibrium iscommonly used in critical load models. Substitution of thegibbsite equilibrium with an Al-organic matter complexationmodel to describe Al solubility in soil water may have largeconsequences for calculation of critical loads. The resultsindicate that critical load maps for forests should bereconsidered.     

Comparison of Critical Load Exceedance and Its Uncertainty Based on National and Site-specific Data

Critical loads have been used to develop international agreements on acidifying air pollution abatement, and within the UK and other countries, to develop national policies for pollution abatement. The Environment Agency (England and Wales) has regulatory obligations to protect sites of high conservation value from the threat of acidification, and hence requires a practical methodology for acidification assessments at the site-specific scale. The Environment Agency has therefore posed the question: Are the national critical load exceedance models sufficiently robust to form the basis for methods to assess harm to individual sites or are they only useful for national policy development? In order to provide one measure of the appropriateness of applying the models at the site-specific scale we incorporated estimates of uncertainty in both national and site-specific data into the calculation of critical load exceedance for individual sites. The exceedance calculations use data from a wide range of sources and the accuracy of the exceedance will be influenced by the accuracy of the input data sets. Using Monte Carlo methods to incorporate the uncertainty in the input data sets into the calculation a distribution of critical load exceedance values is generated rather than a single point estimate. This paper compares uncertainty analyses for coniferous forested sites in England and Wales using both national scale and site-specific data sets and uncertainty ranges.     

A hybrid method for quasi-three-dimensional slope stability analysis in a municipal solid waste landfill

Limited space for accommodating the ever increasing mounds of municipal solid waste (MSW) demands the capacity of MSW landfill be maximized by building landfills to greater heights with steeper slopes. This situation has raised concerns regarding the stability of high MSW landfills. A hybrid method for quasi-three-dimensional slope stability analysis based on the finite element stress analysis was applied in a case study at a MSW landfill in north-east Spain. Potential slides can be assumed to be located within the waste mass due to the lack of weak foundation soils and geosynthetic membranes at the landfill base. The only triggering factor of deep-seated slope failure is the higher leachate level and the relatively high and steep slope in the front. The valley-shaped geometry and layered construction procedure at the site make three-dimensional slope stability analyses necessary for this landfill. In the finite element stress analysis, variations of leachate level during construction and continuous settlement of the landfill were taken into account. The "equivalent" three-dimensional factor of safety (FoS) was computed from the individual result of the two-dimensional analysis for a series of evenly spaced cross sections within the potential sliding body. Results indicate that the hybrid method for quasi-three-dimensional slope stability analysis adopted in this paper is capable of locating roughly the spatial position of the potential sliding mass. This easy to manipulate method can serve as an engineering tool in the preliminary estimate of the FoS as well as the approximate position and extent of the potential sliding mass. The result that FoS obtained from three-dimensional analysis increases as much as 50% compared to that from two-dimensional analysis implies the significance of the three-dimensional effect for this study-case. Influences of shear parameters, time elapse after landfill closure, leachate level as well as unit weight of waste on FoS were also investigated in this paper. These sensitivity analyses serve as the guidelines of construction practices and operating procedures for the MSW landfill under study.     

A design chart for estimation of horizontal displacement in municipal landfills

This paper describes the development of a design chart for the estimation of maximum horizontal displacement within a municipal landfill using the height and the side slope of the landfill. The design chart is based on the results of a finite element parametric study in which the behaviour of the municipal solid waste (MSW) was modeled using a non-linear elastic hyperbolic model. The model input parameters, i.e. non-linear stiffness, shear strength and unit weight of MSW, were obtained from laboratory testing data and an extensive stochastic numerical modelling exercise. Non-linear variations of unit weight as well as Young’s modulus of MSW with depth were incorporated in the finite element analyses. The validity of the design chart was assessed using field monitoring results from a large landfill located in Ontario, Canada.