我国废电子产品处理技术及运行成本分析

通过研究分析国内外废电子电器产品处理技术,结合我国废电子产品处理技术现状,提出在我国合理适用的废电子产品处理工艺路线,并核算其运行成本.     

厌氧-好氧处理变性淀粉生产废水

南开大学膜分离技术研究中心将膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSP)处理工艺与活性污泥好氧处理工艺相结合，处理天津顶峰淀粉厂变性淀粉生产废水。该厂     

膜法处理含油废水研究进展

介绍了含油废水的来源、危害及其一般的处理方法，概述了国内外处理含油废水的膜分离技术——微滤、超滤、反渗透及膜法联合处理工艺的研究现状。对膜污染与预防问题进行了探讨，指出了膜法联合处理工艺是今后处理含油废水的研究方向，而研制抗污染、净化效果好、成本低廉的新型功能有机高分子过滤吸附材料也是含油废水处理领域的一项重要工作。     

催化铁内电解-生物处理耦合技术的机理及研究进展

催化铁内电解技术(简称催化铁技术)是同济大学城市污染控制国家工程研究中心自主研发的新型废水处理方法。介绍了催化铁-生物处理耦合技术的机理,总结了近年来该技术的研究进展,并在此基础上指出了该技术目前存在的问题及发展方向。对于催化铁-生物处理耦合技术而言,考察在实际应用中的影响因素、完善催化铁的后续处理、深入分析反应机理及可控路径、探索与不同处理工艺的兼容性、提高长期运行的稳定性等是今后需重点关注的研究内容。     

含油污泥处理方法探讨

概述了国家环保部门对含油污泥危害性及其监管工作的相关规定,分析了原油开采和加工过程中产生的含油污泥的组成,介绍了沉降浓缩和机械脱水等含油污泥预脱水技术的处理效果,阐述了浮渣焦化处理工艺、含油污泥热萃取处理技术和烟道气作为热源的剩余活性污泥干燥技术的工艺流程、处理效果及存在的问题.     

电催化氧化技术处理含盐有机废水研究进展

介绍了电催化氧化技术在实际工业废水处理中的优势,对其反应原理进行了概述。总结了电催化氧化技术在石油、制药、造纸行业废水和含氨氮类有机废水处理中的研究进展,指出：电催化氧化技术未来的主要研究方向为研发新型电催化阳极材料;开发高效电解反应器;探索电催化氧化技术与其他处理工艺组合联用。     

油气开采钻井固体废物处理与利用研究现状

对比分析了我国部分地区油气开采钻井固体废物的污染特征,对普通钻井固体废物和含油钻井固体废物的无害化处理与资源化利用技术分别进行梳理和分析,主要包括固化处理技术、生物处理技术、不落地处理技术、资源化利用技术、萃取技术、热解析技术和组合处理技术等。结合当前存在的主要问题针对性地提出了4条对策建议:加强源头控制,减少钻井固体废物产生量;对钻井固体废物进行分质分级区别处理和利用;开发高效、低成本、低能耗的钻井固体废物处理技术,发展联合处理工艺;制定相关政策和标准,加强油气田污染治理的事中事后监管。     

报废汽车拆解工艺的比对与研究

报废汽车具有良好的资源属性,处理企业选取合理的处理工艺对其进行处置,不仅能够提高经济效益,也可以有效保护生态环境。通过对当前报废汽车处理工艺技术进行分析比对,针对不同拆解企业提出相应的工艺选取建议,为产业发展提供帮助。     

电解法处理采油废水的研究

以提高电解处理工艺的效率、降低处理成本、易于实现工业化为目标,筛选出适合处理采油废水的高效电极材料,考察了电解法处理采油废水的各种影响因素,确定实验室电解氧化法处理采油废水的适宜条件.研究结果表明:以析氯阳极 铁阴极作为试验电极材料,在电流密度为15 mA/cm2,电解时间为80min,水板比约0.10 cm2/cm3,弱碱性,极板间距为10mm的条件下对采油废水进行电解处理,COD去除率可达到73.0%,NH3-N去除率可达到98.5%.     

达标橡胶废水的深度处理回用

采用“催化氧化—混凝沉淀—多介质过滤—超滤—反渗透”处理工艺,对某厂达标橡胶废水进行深度处理中试试验研究.试验结果表明,各处理单元均能达到预期处理效果,系统出水水质优于当地地下水及循环水补水指标,废水回用产生的经济效益为0.96元/m3.     

含油污泥的水热法减量处理

采用水热技术处理含油污泥，考察了反应温度和反应时间对水热处理后含油污泥性质的影响，分析了含油污泥的减量化效果。实验结果表明：对含水率为70.6%（w）、含油率为32.0%（w）的含油污泥进行水热处理时，与反应时间相比，反应温度对含油污泥的脱水性能影响更大，是影响含油污泥热水解反应的重要因素;含油污泥经水热处理后，脱水性能得到改善，在所有实验条件下减量化率均高于78.8%，其中，在反应温度190 ℃、反应时间30 min的条件下，减量化率达到88.2%。     

The first commercial supercritical water oxidation sludge processing plant

Final disposal of sludge continues to be one of the more pressing problems for the wastewater treatment industry. Present regulations for municipal sludge have favored beneficial use, primarily in land application. However, several agencies and entities have warned of potential health risks associated with these methods. Hydrothermal oxidation provides an alternative method that addresses the health concerns associated with sludge disposal by completely converting all organic matter in the sludge to carbon dioxide, water, and other innocuous materials. A hydrothermal oxidation system using HydroProcessing, L.L.C.'s HydroSolids process has been installed at Harlingen, Texas to process up to 9.8 dry tons per day of sludge. Based on a literature review, this system is the largest hydrothermal oxidation system in the world, and the only one built specifically to process a sludge. Start up of Unit 1 of two units of the HTO system began in April 2001. Early results have indicated COD conversion rates in excess of 99.9%. Harlingen Waterworks System estimates that the HydroSolids system will cost less than other alternatives such as autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion and more traditional forms of digestion that still require dewatering and final disposal. The Waterworks intends to generate income from the sale of energy in the form of hot water and the use of carbon dioxide from the HydroSolids process for neutralization of high pH industrial effluent. The Waterworks also expects to generate income from the treatment of septage and grease trap wastes.     

Liquefaction process for a hydrothermally treated waste mixture containing plastics

Most landfilled plastic waste is a mixture or is in the form of composites with incombustible wastes such as glass, metals, and ceramics. After hydrothermal treatment, including a steam-explosion process, the separation of mixed waste (MW) into organic and inorganic substances becomes easy. However, the effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on the subsequent liquefaction of organic substances from MW is not obvious. In this study, the effects on the liquefaction of polystyrene and high-density polyethylene are discussed. Moreover, optimum conditions for the liquefaction of organic substances from hydrothermally treated MW are identified. By means of this hydrothermal pretreatment, including the steam-explosion process, polystyrene and high-density polyethylene can be significantly converted to oil by liquefaction at 300°–400°C. In comparison with liquefaction of hydrothermally pretreated mixed waste (HMW) at 300°–400°C with a batch type reactor, the yield of oil increases significantly on liquefaction using a semi-batch type reactor. It is considered that the radical chain and termination reactions among the radicals from HMW were inhibited in the semi-batch type reactor. On liquefaction of HMW in a semi-batch reactor, the conversion of HMW to oil was enhanced on increasing the liquefaction temperature to 350°C and the holding time to 60 min. Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6     

火电厂高飞灰布置SCR系统的主要组成和设备

详细介绍了火电厂高飞灰布置SCR系统的原理、工艺流程及其主要组成和设备．并通过分析我国的实际情况。提出了实施SCR的建议。     

In-situ emission characteristics of odorous gases from two food waste processing plants

Odorous gas emission is the main environmental concern of food waste treatment. Two typical food waste processing plants, one for animal feed production by hydrothermal hydrolysis + aerobic fermentation (Plant A), and the other for biogas production by anaerobic digestion (Plant B), were selected to conduct in situ monitoring of fugitive odorous gas emission for five consecutive days, and the emission characteristics of NH₃ and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were compared in this paper. The results showed that the two processes had different emission characteristics of odorous gases. Closed-operated hydrothermal hydrolysis had positive effects on overall fugitive odor control in plant A. Meanwhile, more fugitive odor gases may be released into the environment during the pretreatment with high-temperature and seemingly-open facilities in plant B. The emission strength of odor gases at night was generally lower than that in the day since more fresh food waste was received in the day and the higher temperature and lower air pressure in the day were favorable to gas emission. In general, the process of hydrothermal hydrolysis + aerobic fermentation was more advantageous in controlling odor than the process of anaerobic digestion.     

乳化液膜法处理化工废水的进展

扼要介绍了液膜分离的机理及其在废水处理方面所具有的特点，并举例说明了我国在液膜法处理化工废水方面的研究进展。     

小型废弃电器电子产品精细拆解与资源化利用初步探讨

随着工业化进程和社会生活的丰富,各种小型电器电子产品不断问世,相关废弃产品的拆解和资源化利用已经成为资源综合利用的重要课题.基于其分类与回收利用现状,就国内精细拆解与资源化利用问题进行了探讨,并以废弃手机为例,就处理原则、工艺流程设置和高值利用方法提出了一些建议.     

离子交换树脂法处理含铜废水的研究进展

介绍了离子交换树脂在处理不同类型的含铜废水中的应用，列举了络合铜废水、游离铜废水及多金属杂质含铜废水中适用的树脂种类及应用实例，对工业应用中存在的一些问题和对策做出总结归纳，并针对该技术的发展方向提出展望。离子交换树脂法是一种较为有效的废水处理方法，对常规浓度和低浓度的含铜废水的处理效果均较好，可将废水有效资源化利用。     

Model predictive control as a tool for improving the process operation of MSW combustion plants

In this paper a feasibility study is presented on the application of the advanced control strategy called model predictive control (MPC) as a tool for obtaining improved process operation performance for municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion plants. The paper starts with a discussion of the operational objectives and control of such plants, from which a motivation follows for applying MPC to them. This is followed by a discussion on the basic idea behind this advanced control strategy. After that, an MPC-based combustion control system is proposed aimed at tackling a typical MSW combustion control problem and, using this proposed control system, an assessment is made of the improvement in performance that an MPC-based MSW combustion control system can provide in comparison to conventional MSW combustion control systems. This assessment is based on simulations using an experimentally obtained process and disturbance model of a real-life large-scale MSW combustion plant.     

超临界水氧化法处理固体废物的研究进展

超临界水氧化法作为一种新兴的高级氧化技术具有广阔的应用前景，该方法在处理固体废物方面具有独特的优势。介绍了超临界水的特性和超临界水氧化法的反应机理及超临界水氧化法在固体废物处理方面的应用现状，提出了该方法要达到工业化应用亟待解决的理论和实际问题，对超临界水氧化法的发展方向进行了展望。