10种药物材料对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用

为筛选抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的有效药物材料,确定其最佳的抑藻浓度,采用叶绿素a检测法来确定铜绿微囊藻的生物量,从而对10种药物材料的作用效果进行了定性研究,并采用二倍稀释法对筛选出的8种药物材料进行了最佳抑藻浓度的测定。大黄、黄连、土槿皮、蜜桔皮、马水桔皮、蜜柚皮、铁观音、大蒜等药物材料能有效抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长;大麦茶、仙鹤草不能抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长。当蜜桔皮、蜜柚皮水提液质量浓度大于6.25g/L,马水桔皮水提液质量浓度大于3.13g/L,铁观音、大黄浸提液质量浓度大于5.000g/L,土槿皮、黄连提取物浸提液质量浓度大于2.500g/L时对铜绿微囊藻的生长具有有效的抑制作用,且随着各浸提液浓度的增加,其抑制效果呈上升趋势;而大蒜液质量浓度大于5.000g/L时能使铜绿微囊藻维持在初始水平。将各材料抑藻浓度设定在以上浓度时较为合理。研究结果为水产养殖治理蓝藻以及控制蓝藻药物进一步的研发提供了参考。     

不同质量浓度黄菖蒲和狭叶香蒲对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用简

分别采用黄菖蒲（Iris pseudacorus L.）、狭叶香蒲（Typha angustifolia L.）和铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）共生培养的实验方法研究了不同质量浓度黄菖蒲、狭叶香蒲对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用。结果表明，黄菖蒲在质量浓度大于10 g/L时对初始密度为1.0×10⁷ ind/mL的铜绿微囊藻具有较好的抑制作用，表现为黄菖蒲质量浓度为10、20和40 g/L时，第15天对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率分别为30.1%、51.8%和84.0%；狭叶香蒲在质量浓度大于20 g/L时对铜绿微囊藻有明显的抑制作用，表现为狭叶香蒲质量浓度为20 g/L和40 g/L时，第15天对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率分别为34.2%和77.7%，实验过程中，铜绿微囊藻叶绿素a含量逐渐减少，而藻密度、SOD活性及MDA含量先增加后逐渐降低，表明经过一段时间持续地化感胁迫，黄菖蒲和狭叶香蒲可以诱导铜绿微囊藻产生氧化胁迫，导致细胞结构严重损伤和叶绿素大量分解，从而强烈抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长。     

不同质量浓度苦草对铜绿微囊藻生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响

采用苦草（Vallisneria spiralis Linn.）和铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）共生培养的实验方法,通过追踪测定铜绿微囊藻的生物量、叶绿素a含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,研究了不同质量浓度苦草对铜绿微囊藻生长及抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明,质量浓度大于10 g/L时,苦草对铜绿微囊藻有明显的抑制作用,表现为苦草质量浓度为10、20和40 g/L时,第15天对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率分别为63.3%、94.7%和99.8%,培养过程中,铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素a含量逐渐减少,而SOD、POD活性及MDA含量呈现先增加后逐渐降低的趋势,表明苦草释放的化感物质在经过一定时间积累后能够明显抑制铜绿微囊藻SOD和POD的活性,引起细胞的氧化损伤,促进叶绿素的分解,从而导致藻类死亡,这是苦草抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的原因之一。     

不同质量浓度黄莒蒲和狭叶香蒲对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用

分别采用黄菖蒲（IrispseudacorusL．）、狭叶香蒲（TyphaangustifoliaL．）和铜绿微囊藻（Microcystisaeruginosa）共生培养的实验方法研究了不同质量浓度黄菖蒲、狭叶香蒲对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用。结果表明，黄菖蒲在质量浓度大于10g／L时对初始密度为1．0×10^7ind／mL的铜绿微囊藻具有较好的抑制作用，表现为黄菖蒲质量浓度为10、20和40g／L时，第15天对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率分别为30．1％、51．8％和84．0％；狭叶香蒲在质量浓度大于20g／L时对铜绿微囊藻有明显的抑制作用，表现为狭叶香蒲质量浓度为20g／L和40g／L时，第15天对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率分别为34．2％和77．7％，实验过程中，铜绿微囊藻叶绿素a含量逐渐减少，而藻密度、SOD活性及MDA含量先增加后逐渐降低，表明经过一段时间持续地化感胁迫，黄菖蒲和狭叶香蒲可以诱导铜绿微囊藻产生氧化胁迫，导致细胞结构严重损伤和叶绿素大量分解，从而强烈抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长。     

柑橘类果皮水提液对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

研究了柑橘类果皮水提液对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响。采用二倍稀释法将儿种柑橘类果皮水提液分成7个浓度组,每组3个平行,在温度(25.0±0.5)℃,光照强度3000 l×下培养铜绿微囊藻。结果表明,柑橘类果皮水提液能有效抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,且随着浓度的增加其抑藻作用增强。其中,蜜桔皮、马水桔皮、蜜柚皮水提液质量浓度在6.25、3.13、6.25g/L时对铜绿微囊藻的生长具有极显著的抑制作用(P0.01)。实际应用时,柑橘类果皮水提液质量浓度为6.25g/L时较为合理。柑橘类果皮中存在一种或几种能有效抑制铜绿微囊藻叶绿素a合成的物质,从而抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,此类物质在高温处理下仍能保持一定的抑藻活性,这为控制蓝藻药物的研发提供了一定参考。     

作物秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用

通过室内模拟实验研究了大麦、水稻和小麦3种作物秸秆对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的抑制作用，并计算了不同秸秆的抑制率和抑制中浓度（EC₅₀）。研究结果表明，大麦秸秆、水稻秸秆和小麦秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的生长有显著的抑制作用，而且随着培养时间和秸秆投加量的增加，抑制作用提高。处理96 h后大麦和水稻秸秆处理下的铜绿微囊藻几乎全部死亡，表明本研究所用不同作物秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的生长有显著的抑制效果。研究结果还表明，大麦、水稻和小麦秸秆对铜绿微囊藻的72 h-EC₅₀由大到小依次是大麦>水稻>小麦，分别为248、334和1 943 mg/L，表明不同植物的秸秆对藻类的影响作用不同。分析3种秸秆抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的原因可能是3种植物秸秆在好氧的条件下可以分解产生多种具有抑藻作用化学物质，如有机酸、含甲基的酚类物质、醇类和酮类物质等，这些物质通过化感作用抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长，尤以大麦秸秆作用最为明显。     

美人蕉有机酸组分对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用

对美人蕉叶片水浸提液进行液液萃取得到美人蕉有机酸组分,研究了美人蕉有机酸组分对铜绿微囊藻化感抑制作用,实验结果表明,美人蕉有机酸组分对铜绿微囊藻生长具有低促高抑作用,13.3 g/L和20.0 g/L处理组6 d后抑制率分别达到98.57%和99.37%,铜绿微囊藻在高浓度美人蕉有机酸组分下,叶绿素含量逐渐降低,总超氧化物歧化酶(TSOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性出现先增大后减小,说明美人蕉有机酸组分可能通过对铜绿微囊藻抗氧化酶系统逐渐损伤,最终藻类死亡。通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,鉴定出美人蕉有机酸组分共含有32种有机酸成分,其中饱和脂肪酸18种、不饱和脂肪酸7种、芳香酸5种以及酚酸2种。     

不同浓度Mn2+对铜绿微囊藻的生长及其生物可利用性的影响

利用MA培养液进行藻类增长潜力(AGP)试验,考察了不同浓度Mn2 对铜绿微囊藻生长及其生物可利用性的影响.结果表明,Mn2 为0 mg/L时,铜绿微囊藻生长受到很大抑制,叶绿素a含量较低;Mn2 为0.7～6.0 mg/L时,铜绿微囊藻生长较快,叶绿素a含量都较高,并且相互差异不明显;Mn2 为12.0 mg/L时,可能对铜绿微囊藻生长产生了毒性,生长受到抑制,且叶绿素a含量较低;Mn2 在藻类正常生长所需浓度范围内,其生物可利用性与溶液中Mn2 浓度呈正相关.     

水罗兰对不同密度铜绿微囊藻抑制作用的研究

通过水罗兰与铜绿微囊藻共培养12 d,研究了水罗兰对低密度、高密度的铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用.结果表明,铜绿微囊藻初始光密度(OD680)分别为0.026、0.257时,水罗兰可显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,使其OD680降低.水质检测结果显示,培养过程中共培养液营养盐浓度一直处于较高水平,铜绿微囊藻OD680降低及生长停滞并非因营养不足所引起.通过实验证实了水罗兰可作为铜绿微囊藻水华控制的生态修复物种.     

碳源对铜绿微囊藻生理特性及微囊藻毒素产率的影响

为研究水体中不同碳源对铜绿微囊藻生理特性的影响,以Na2CO3与葡萄糖分别作为铜绿微囊藻生长的无机碳源与有机碳源,将铜绿微囊藻于光照下进行培养,并对其一系列的生理特性与微囊藻毒素产率进行检测。实验结果表明,同等碳浓度下,有机碳源更能促进铜绿微囊藻的生长,经过30 d的培养,铜绿微囊藻在有机碳源中的产量为187.55 g,比其在无机碳源中的产量提高了6.06%;微囊藻毒素在有机碳源中的产量为969.00μg/g,而在无机碳源中的产量却升高至1 193.60μg/g。参与藻毒素合成的3种氨基酸在无机碳源中的浓度要比有机碳源中的浓度高,但是其余几种氨基酸的含量与之情况相反。而有机碳源培养的铜绿微囊藻总可溶性蛋白含量为387.00μg/g,比无机碳源培养的铜绿微囊藻的蛋白含量提高了93.60%。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.