活性炭三维电极法处理超高盐榨菜腌制废水

将粒状活性炭作为三维电极的粒子电极处理超高盐榨菜腌制废水。采用静态实验，对比了二维电极与三维电极对该废水COD和磷酸盐的去除效果，考察了三维电极条件下极板间距、活性炭填充量、电解时间、电解电流及初始pH等对该废水COD和磷酸盐去除率的影响。结果表明：三维电极对超高盐榨菜腌制废水COD和磷酸盐的去除率明显高于二维电极；在原水pH（4．3—5．0），废水体积600mL，电流8A，活性炭填充量250g，极板间距6．5cm，电解时间150min时，处理效果良好，COD和磷酸盐去除率分别为76．47％和97．81％。由波长扫描图可初步认为部分有机物直接被氧化为二氧化碳。     

活性炭三维电极法对印染废水的处理研究

对三维电极方法处理印染废水进行了实验研究，初步探讨了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的机理，对影响处理效果的各种要素，如反应时间、槽电压和pH值等进行了条件实验，得出了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的最佳运行条件为：停留时间120～180min，槽电压25～30V，进水pH值6．5～75。结果表明，该反应器能有效地降低废水色度，有较高的COD去除效率，并能提高印染废水的可生化性。     

各种影响因子对电解法预处理医药废水的影响研究

探讨了电解法预处理医药废水时停留时间、电解电压、废水初始浓度、温度和废水pH值等影响因子对去除色度、COD和提高废水可生化性等处理效果的影响，并考察了其应用于工业实际废水处理的可行性。实验结果表明：电解法更适合高浓度医药废水的处理，色度的去除率可达到90％以上；电解时间宜控制在40-60min；电解电压越高，废水COD和色度去除效果越好；在实验温度范围内，温度对色度和COD去除率的影响不大；废水pH值为7．5时电解效果最佳，工程运用宜控制在6—9之间。     

电絮凝处理牛仔布印染废水

用铁分别作为电絮凝反应系统的阴极和阳极,研究电絮凝法对牛仔布印染废水的处理效果。考察了电极电压、反应时间和pH等因素对电絮凝法去除实验所用废水中COD和色度效果的影响。结果表明,电极电压和反应时间是主要的影响因素,pH次之。电极电压24 V,反应时间35 min,pH为7.4时,脱色率可达99%,COD去除率在70%左右,处理效果最佳。因此,电絮凝法可以作为印染废水的预处理工艺,有效降低废水COD和色度。     

超声对生物活性炭处理复杂染料废水的影响

采用超声和生物活性炭处理复杂染料废水,探讨超声对生物活性炭降解复杂染料废水的影响机理。结果表明,超声/生物活性炭处理效果优于生物活性炭,运行10d,COD降低较快,达到20.5mg/L,低于生物活性炭处理的39.8mg/L;色度为136倍,远低于用生物活性炭处理的217倍;BOD5最终降为2.57mg/L。紫外光谱和气相色谱分析表明,复杂染料废水中含有烷类、酚类、醛类、脂类、苯类等有机物,超声/生物活性炭处理可使这些有机物种类明显减少,仍存在的有机物浓度也大幅减少,而且部分有机物的分子结构由复杂转化为简单。这表明,超声处理可以促进染料废水中复杂有机物分子结构向简单转化,增强生物活性炭对复杂有机物的降解能力,从而大幅降低复杂废水的BOD5、COD和色度。     

活性炭多维电极法去除水中腐殖酸过程与宏观动力学研究

采用活性炭多维电极法去除水中溶解态腐殖酸。实验结果表明，与活性炭单纯吸附法相比，活性炭多维电极法可显著提高对溶解态腐殖酸的去除率；在连续运行条件下，延长水力停留时间，升高槽电压，溶解偏碱性有利于腐殖酸的去除；高效液相色谱分析结果表明。电极的氧化还原作用可使有机物分子量变小或矿化，因而处理系统有可能延长活性炭的使用寿命。     

活性炭三维电极法对印染废水的处理研究

对三维电极方法处理印染废水进行了实验研究,初步探讨了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的机理,对影响处理效果的各种要素,如反应时间、槽电压和pH值等进行了条件实验,得出了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的最佳运行条件为:停留时间120-180 min,槽电压25～30 V,进水pH值6.5～7.5。结果表明,该反应器能有效地降低废水色度,有较高的COD去除效率,并能提高印染废水的可生化性。     

生物活性炭法深度处理印染废水及其生物毒性的表征

采用负载经驯化后微生物的活性炭深度处理实际印染废水,研究生物活性炭系统中存在的生物相及其降解有机污染物的作用,并表征了处理后印染废水的生物毒性.结果表明,生物相中含有草履虫、轮虫及钟虫等原生动物.随着运行次数的增加,活性炭反应器在运行5次后出水的COD、NH3-N及色度去除率骤降,但是生物活性炭处理后出水的COD、NH3-N及色度去除率缓慢下降.生物活性炭能很好地降解印染废水中的苯酚类和稠环芳烃污染物.本研究中生物活性炭反应器对氨氮和COD的去除符合一级动力学方程,去除动力学常数分别为1.02和0.96.经过生物活性炭的处理可以将印染废水的生物毒性降到适于小球藻生长的水平.     

活性炭三维电极流化床处理洗车废水的研究

以经吸附处理的活性炭为填充粒子，对三维电极流化床反应器处理洗车废水进行了静态条件实验研究。结果表明：三维电极流化床处理洗车废水的效果明显好于三维电极固定床和单纯的活性炭吸附。在槽电压为30 V，通气量为3 L/min， 通电时间为30 min，活性炭用量为50 g时，COD去除率最高。     

微波强化内电解处理活性艳红染料废水

提出了一种微波强化内电解处理染料废水的新方法，结果表明：微波不仅可以再生炭铁混合物，而且可以氧化分解活性炭吸附的染料；铁屑不仅与活性炭构成内电解作用，同时还可以促进微波再生活性炭；微波作用多次后炭铁混合物对废水的去除率仍能保持色度去除率99％、COD去除率64％；同时探讨了微波作用时间、微波作用次数、铁屑粒径、炭铁比例和pH值等因素对废水去除率的影响，并初步探讨了其反应机理。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。