丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒处理模拟废水中氨氮

以去除水产养殖废水中的氨氮，寻找安全快速高效的吸附剂为目的。以壳聚糖为原料制备丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒，采用单因素及正交实验方法优化制备条件，研究振荡吸附条件对吸附量的影响，进行吸附等温模型和吸附动力学研究。结果表明，最佳制备条件，丙烯酸4 mL、磁流体0.75 g、过硫酸铵1 g、戊二醛1.5 mL；最佳吸附条件，废水pH值5~9、吸附剂浓度3 g/L、吸附时间10 min；吸附过程符合二级动力学模型，以化学吸附为主；液膜扩散为限速步骤；氨氮最大吸附量为77.16 mg/g，远高于其他传统吸附剂。研究表明，丙烯酸改性壳聚糖磁性颗粒对模拟水产养殖废水的氨氮去除效果显著，具有很好的应用前景。     

污泥吸附剂对3种染料吸附动力学的研究

以污水厂脱水污泥、锯末和焦油的混合物为原料，选择ZnCl₂为活化剂制备出过渡孔发达、强度大的污泥吸附剂（S-AC）。借助BET、FT-IR等现代分析测试方法对污泥吸附剂进行表征，同时，研究了吸附剂对酸性大红、中性红和碱性品红吸附动力学行为。结果表明，制得的污泥吸附剂BET比表面积为358 m²/g，强度大于89%。吸附剂的动力学数据均符合伪二阶动力学方程、液膜扩散方程和颗粒内扩散方程，其中液膜扩散为吸附剂对酸性大红吸附过程的主控步骤，颗粒内扩散为吸附剂对中性红和碱性品红吸附过程的主控步骤。     

磁性壳聚糖改性硅藻土吸附去除水中的铅离子

采用壳聚糖与Fe_3O_4对硅藻土进行混合改性,制备出一种吸附效果好、且能从液相中磁分离的新型复合吸附剂。通过SEM、XRD、VSM和FTIR等手段对其进行表征,并探究溶液pH、吸附剂投加量以及吸附温度等条件对水溶液中Pb~(2+)吸附效果的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖和Fe_3O_4都能够负载到硅藻土上面。当溶液pH为5、吸附剂投加量为10 g·L~(-1)、初始浓度为10 mg·L~(-1)时,Pb~(2+)去除率可以达到96.4%。吸附过程较好地符合假二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型,热力学数据说明该吸附是吸热、自发的过程。     

磁性壳聚糖/膨润土复合吸附剂吸附Cu~(2+)

以膨润土、壳聚糖、Fe_3O_4为原料,制备了在外加磁场作用下能实现快速固液分离的磁性壳聚糖/膨润土复合吸附剂。利用SEM、XRD、VSM、FTIR等分析手段对复合吸附剂的形貌及微观结构进行了表征。通过静态吸附实验研究了复合吸附剂对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能,探讨了溶液初始p H值、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和吸附温度等对Cu~(2+)吸附效果的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖和Fe_3O_4均已负载到膨润土上。复合吸附剂吸附Cu~(2+)的效果随溶液p H值和吸附剂投加量的增加而增加,并最终趋于稳定;当吸附剂投加量为7.2 g/L、p H值为6、Cu~(2+)初始浓度为30 mg/L时,Cu~(2+)的去除率可达98.5%。吸附动力学和吸附等温线数据分别较好地符合准二级动力学模型和Langmiur吸附等温模型。热力学参数表明,吸附是自发、吸热的过程。     

改性硅胶对水溶液中Pd2+的吸附

采用氨基硫脲对硅胶进行改性并表征,探讨了改性硅胶(SG-TSC)对水溶液中Pd2+的吸附性能。实验考察了p H值、吸附剂质量、吸附时间以及Pd2+初始浓度等因素对吸附的影响,并探讨了SG-TSC对Pd2+吸附动力学及等温吸附特性。结果表明:在p H为3~6范围内,吸附效果最好。吸附平衡时间为90 min,吸附动力学符合二级速率方程,颗粒内扩散与液膜扩散共同影响着吸附过程。Langmuir等温吸附方程能较好地描述Pd2+在SG-TSC上的吸附特性,298 K时静态饱和吸附容量为0.105 mmol/g。热力学参数计算结果表明,SG-TSC吸附水溶液中的Pd2+是自发、吸热和熵值增加的过程。     

氢氧化钠改性沸石对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附特性研究

利用氢氧化钠对天然沸石进行改性,将天然沸石和改性沸石用于吸附去除水中的Cu~(2+),分析了p H、温度、Cu~(2+)初始浓度、吸附时间对Cu~(2+)吸附性能的影响,并对吸附过程的吸附等温模型及吸附动力学进行研究。结果表明,改性沸石对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能明显优于天然沸石,当沸石投加量为10 g/L,Cu~(2+)为200 mg/L,p H为6.67,温度为50℃时,天然沸石和改性沸石对Cu~(2+)的吸附量分别为2.02、2.69 mg/g。Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型均能较好地描述两种沸石对Cu~(2+)的吸附过程。天然沸石对Cu~(2+)的吸附行为更符合准一级动力学方程,而准二级动力学方程对改性沸石的吸附行为拟合度更好。两种沸石对Cu~(2+)的吸附均为非均相吸附,且内扩散过程不是唯一的速控步骤。     

棉花秸秆黑炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附特性研究

以棉花秸秆黑炭(以下简称黑炭)为吸附剂,通过吸附动力学、吸附热力学以及等温吸附实验研究了黑炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附特性。结果表明,Cd~(2+)在黑炭上的吸附动力学更加符合准二级动力学方程,其吸附可分为快速吸附和慢速吸附两个过程,在60min就可以达到饱和吸附量的92%。颗粒内扩散并不是控制吸附速率的唯一步骤,同时受到液膜扩散和表面吸附的作用。吸附等温线拟合发现Langmuir方程能更好地描述Cd~(2+)在黑炭上的吸附行为,Cd~(2+)在炭变化时间为3.0、4.5h的黑炭上的最大吸附量分别为36.36、38.61mg/g。吸附热力学研究结果表明,黑炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附是自发的吸热过程。     

生物炭质吸附剂对硝基苯的吸附

以花生壳为生物炭质(P-BC)原料,Zn Cl2为活化剂,采用化学活化法制备生物炭质吸附剂(Z-BC),并以其吸附水中的硝基苯,考察了p H值、吸附剂投加量和吸附时间等因素对Z-BC吸附硝基苯过程的影响。分别采用吸附动力学模型和吸附等温模型对吸附动力学和等温线进行了系统分析。结果表明:p H值对吸附的影响不大,吸附剂适宜投加量为2 g·L-1,吸附平衡时间为120 min;Z-BC对硝基苯的吸附动力学过程用准一级动力学模型能很好地描述,其计算平衡吸附量与实验值相符;颗粒内扩散模型表明,吸附过程受液膜扩散与颗粒内扩散联合控制,并以颗粒内扩散为主要速率控制步骤;Langmuir吸附等温模型能更好地描述硝基苯在Z-BC上的吸附平衡;吸附热力学方程计算得到吸附焓变(ΔH)0、吸附自由能变(ΔG)0和吸附熵变(ΔS)0,表明Z-BC对水中硝基苯的吸附为放热和熵值增加的自发过程。     

改性荞麦壳对水溶液中Cu~(2+)离子吸附效果及机理

以柠檬酸对荞麦壳进行化学改性,改性后荞麦壳吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附量增加。研究了不同pH、吸附剂投入量、浓度和时间对吸附效果的影响。在pH值为5.5,Cu2+初始浓度50 mg/L,吸附剂投入量为1 g,吸附时间为120 min的条件下,Cu2+的吸附量达到较大值。通过用改性荞麦壳吸附剂对Cu2+的热力学吸附过程的分析,结果表明,改性荞麦壳吸附剂符合Langmuir吸附等温模式,改性荞麦壳吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附存在化学吸附,改性荞麦壳的最大吸附量可以达2.26 mg/g。研究改性荞麦壳吸附剂吸附Cu2+的动力学特性,吸附动力学行为可用准二级速率方程进行很好的描述,准二级吸附速率常数随温度升高而增大。准一级速率方程和颗粒扩散模型可以较好地描述吸附初始阶段,Cu2+浓度较高,颗粒内扩散;吸附后期,Cu2+浓度较低,受到颗粒外扩散的控制。总之,整个吸附过程可能是多种动力学机理共同作用的结果。     

Sn-MOF对染料废水中酸性大红3R的吸附特性

通过水热法合成了一种新型的金属有机骨架Sn-MOF,研究了Sn-MOF对染料废水中酸性大红3R(AR3R)的吸附特性。通过SEM、TEM、比表面积测定和红外光谱等方法对Sn-MOF进行了表征,并探讨了初始pH、吸附剂投加量对吸附效果的影响。用拟一级动力学方程、拟二级动力学方程、Elovich方程、粒子扩散方程对吸附曲线进行了分析,研究了其吸附的动力学机理。在研究的条件范围内,拟二级动力学方程和Elovich方程的拟合度较好。通过吸附等温线拟合发现Freundlich方程(R~2=0.986 8)能很好地描述Sn-MOF对AR3R的吸附行为,这说明Sn-MOF对AR3R的吸附是化学吸附。粒子扩散方程表明,粒子内扩散不是控制SnMOF吸附过程的唯一步骤,膜扩散也参与了吸附过程。热力学实验结果表明,AR3R的去除过程是一种自发的吸热过程。经光催化再生处理6个循环后,吸附容量没有明显降低。     

Adsorption of water-soluble dyes onto modified resin

Adsorption behavior of five kinds of water-soluble dyes onto functionalized resin NKY has been dynamically and thermodynamically investigated. The results showed that the adsorption rates of dye K-GN, K-2BP, KN-R, AAB and 2G are all controlled by liquid film diffusion and particle diffusion. Equilibrium adsorption data can be well described by three-parameter equation. The first layer adsorption is the physical enhanced by chemical effect but multilayer adsorption is typically physical adsorption. Standard free energy change DeltaG(0) and standard entropy change DeltaS(0) indicate the adsorption of the dyes onto NKY can occur spontaneously.     

生物沸石球强化吸附氨氮废水的动力学研究

用一种具有多孔结构特征的沸石球作为载体固定化硝化细菌强化吸附氨氮废水。结果表明,沸石球能快速固定化硝化细菌,吸附动力学表明150 min对氨氮吸附容量达到2.816 mg/g,而且还有继续增加的趋势。假二级动力学方程和Elovich模型的精确拟合说明,生物沸石球对氨氮的吸附过程可能是非均相扩散起作用及以化学吸附反应为主的复杂转化过程。扩散拟合结果表明,氨氮在生物沸石球的吸附是以液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散为吸附速率的控制步骤,活性的硝化细菌对氨氮的硝化使氨氮在微孔的吸附得到了强化。     

Adsorption of glyphosate on resin supported by hydrated iron oxide: equilibrium and kinetic studies

Hydrated iron oxide supported on resin (D301) was prepared as a new sorbent for the removal of glyphosate from wastewater. Batch adsorption studies were performed on glyphosate aqueous solutions with different initial glyphosate concentrations and temperatures. Experimental data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the adsorption data were best fit to the Langmuir isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters AG, AH, and AS also were calculated for the adsorption processes. Adsorption rate constants were determined using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate equations and Kannan-Sundaram intraparticle diffusion models. Adsorption of glyphosate clearly followed the pseudo-second-order model and was controlled by both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion.     

液/固体系中硅藻土对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附机制

为了提高硅藻土在重金属废水处理上的应用水平,采用静态吸附实验考察了液/固体系中硅藻土对Pb2＋、Cd2＋的吸附影响因素、吸附等温线和吸附动力学属性。结果表明,随着投加量的减少,离子初始浓度的提高,pH值的增大,吸附作用时间的延长,硅藻土对Pb2＋、Cd2＋吸附量不断上升;硅藻土对Pb2＋、Cd2＋的等温吸附都符合Langmuir模型,硅藻土对Pb2＋、Cd2＋最大吸附量分别为10.428 mg/g和7.916 mg/g,硅藻土对Pb2＋具有更好的吸附能力;Pb2＋具有较低的水合自由能,更容易脱去水膜与硅藻土孔道内的活性基团发生吸附作用;双常数扩散方程可以很好地描述硅藻土对Pb2＋、Cd2＋的吸附动力学属性,硅藻土对Cd2＋有较快的吸附速率。     

粉煤灰砖块对磷酸盐的吸附特性

以建筑废料粉煤灰砖块为吸附剂材料,通过静态吸附实验研究其对磷酸盐的吸附特征,以及磷酸盐初始浓度、吸附剂投加量、pH等因素对吸附反应的影响。Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin等温模型的分析发现,Langmuir等温式方程最适合描述吸附过程,对磷酸盐的理论饱和吸附容量为44.62 mg/g。利用伪一级动力学模型、伪二级动力学模型和颗粒内扩散模型考察了吸附过程特征,其中伪二级动力学模型为最适于描述粉煤灰砖块对磷酸盐的吸附过程的动力学模型。通过颗粒内扩散模型、Bangham方程及Boyd模型对吸附动力学机理进行的探讨表明,颗粒内扩散速率不是粉煤灰砖块吸附磷酸盐反应的惟一速率控制步,膜扩散速率和颗粒内扩散速率共同影响着吸附反应速率。磷酸盐浓度较低时主要是膜扩散限制吸附反应速率,而磷酸盐浓度较高时则颗粒内扩散成为速率控制步。研究证明,粉煤灰砖块粉末作为湿地基质具有对磷酸盐很强的吸附能力,在减少了固体废弃物的数量的同时又可以实现水污染控制的目的。     

Adsorption of basic dyes onto MCM-41

The adsorption of two basic dyes, Basic Green 5 (BG5) and Basic Violet 10 (BV10), onto MCM-41 was studied to examine the possible effect of interactions between large adsorbates and MCM-41 on the pore structure stability of MCM-41 and the potential of MCM-41 for the removal of basic dyes from wastewater. The revolutions of surface characteristics and pore structure of MCM-41 induced by dyes adsorption were characterized based on the analyses of the nitrogen isotherms, the XRD patterns, and the FTIR spectra. It was experimentally concluded that when the effect of interactions between large dyes (such as BV10) and MCM-41 on the pore structure stability of MCM-41 was insignificant, MCM-41 might be a good adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes from wastewater. The adsorption of BV10 on MCM-41 with respect to contact time, pH, and temperature was then measured to provide more information about the adsorption characteristics of MCM-41. Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was used to describe the kinetic data, from which some adsorption thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated.     

Kinetic and adsorption study of acid dye removal using activated carbon

The adsorption of three acid dyes, Acid Red 97, Acid Orange 61 and Acid Brown 425 onto activated carbon was studied for the removal of acid dyes from aqueous solutions at room temperature (25 degrees C). The adsorption of each dye with respect to contact time was then measured to provide information about the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon. The rates of adsorption were found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics with a good correlation. The experimental isotherms obtained, except for Acid Orange 61 studied in mixture, were of the S-type in terms of the classification of Giles and co-workers. The best fit of the adsorption isotherm data was obtained using the Freundlich model. When a comparative study was made of the results obtained with single and mixed dyes, it can be seen that some of them affect others and modify their behavior in the adsorption process. The results indicate that activated carbon could be employed for the removal of dyes from wastewater.