壳聚糖络合-陶瓷膜耦合技术处理低浓度含铜废水

采用孔径为200 nm的陶瓷膜,以壳聚糖为络合剂,研究了络合-陶瓷膜耦合技术处理低浓度含铜废水过程。考察了溶液p H、壳聚糖/Cu2+质量浓度比、络合剂浓度、离子强度、操作压力及体积浓缩因子等对处理效果的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖投加量与p H是影响处理效果的关键因素,当壳聚糖/Cu2+质量浓度比≥10、p H=6时,Cu2+截留率接近100%,膜通量趋于稳定;在较高浓度外加盐(Na Cl和Na2SO4)存在时,Cu2+截留率仍可达到99%以上。将壳聚糖-铜络合物浓缩液酸化解络后通过陶瓷膜过滤分离壳聚糖和游离态的Cu2+,可实现壳聚糖的循环回用;采用回用的壳聚糖处理含铜废水时,Cu2+截留率可达到95.8%。     

腐殖酸树脂处理含Pb2+、CU2+、Ni2+废水的研究

利用泥炭为原料制备腐殖酸树脂.在动态条件下,研究了腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+的吸附效果及吸附条件.同时探讨了腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+的吸附与解吸再生机理,吸附机理研究表明,腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+的主要吸附形式为离子交换吸附和络合吸附.结果表明,在废水pH值为5.0～7.0,Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+浓度分别为50 mg/L,经腐殖酸树脂处理,Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+去除率可达98%以上,且处理后废水近中性.含Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+电镀废水经腐殖酸树脂处理后,废水中Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+含量显著低于国家排放标准.     

TiO2光催化处理络合铜废水的实验研究

研究了以悬浮态TiO2为催化剂,在紫外光的作用下对络合铜废水进行光催化反应,分别考察了常温下TiO2投加量、反应时间、废水初始pH值、反应气氛等因素对处理效果的影响,并探讨了反应机理。结果表明:TiO2投加量为2 g/L,废水pH=4,300 W高压汞灯照射下,载入60 mL/min的空气反应40 min,120 mg/L EDTA络合铜废水的Cu(II)与COD的去除率达到最高,分别为96.56%和57.67%。     

TiO2光催化处理络合铜废水的实验研究

研究了以悬浮态TiO2为催化剂,在紫外光的作用下对络合铜废水进行光催化反应,分别考察了常温下TiO2投加量、反应时间、废水初始pH值、反应气氛等因素对处理效果的影响,并探讨了反应机理。结果表明：TiO2投加量为2 g/L,废水pH=4,300 W高压汞灯照射下,载入60 mL/min的空气反应40 min,120 mg/L EDTA络合铜废水的Cu（II）与COD的去除率达到最高,分别为96.56%和57.67%。     

高分子重金属螯合剂PATD的制备及其去除Cu~(2+)、Ni_(2+)性能

以丙烯酸,四乙烯五胺,二硫化碳和氢氧化钠为原料合成了一种二硫代氨基甲酸盐类高分子重金属螯合剂,PATD,采用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。研究了PATD的投加量、体系pH对Cu2+和Ni2+模拟废水的处理效果的影响。结果表明,PATD高分子重金属螯合剂处理浓度为50 mg/L的Cu2+和Ni2+模拟重金属废水时,当PATD/重金属离子质量比分别大于6(Cu2+)和12(Ni2+)时,处理后废水中残留的重金属离子浓度均低于国家污水综合排放一级标准。PATD在较宽p H范围内均可有效去除重金属Cu2+和Ni2+离子;对Cu2+的去除效果要好于Ni2+。对低浓度(1.0 mg/L)的Cu2+和Ni2+废水的处理同样具有很好的效果。     

铁粉还原-Fenton氧化处理络合铜废水的研究

采用铁粉还原-Fenton氧化工艺处理含络合铜工业废水,研究了联合工艺对络合铜的破络效果,重点考察了常温下H2O2投加量、初始pH值、反应时间、Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度以及铁粉粒径等因素对该工艺处理效果的影响,同时探讨了相关机理。结果表明:在初始Cu(Ⅱ)浓度为50 mg/L,初始pH=3的体系中,加入过量铁粉,H2O2投加量控制在H2O2∶COD=1.5∶1(质量比),反应30 min后在pH=9的条件下沉淀,废水的COD去除率为86.5%,Cu(Ⅱ)去除率为99.9%,处理水达到《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB21900-2008)要求。研究还表明:铁粉粒径对处理效率的影响较小,采用工业级铁粉即可达到理想效果。     

离子浮选法处理电镀废水实验研究

进行离子浮选法处理电镀废水的研究,对影响因素pH、CA∶CMe(摩尔比)、离子强度、浮选时间和通气量等进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:离子分离选择性递减顺序为:Cd2+Zn2+Fe2+Cu2+Ni2+。当CA∶CMe为2.5～3∶1,pH为8.5～9,离子强度不高于0.0001 mol/L时,离子浮选对镉、锌、铜、镍等金属离子均有很高的去除率,Cd2+、Zn2+、Fe2+、Ni2+、Cu2+残余浓度最低分别可达0.05、0.20、0.22、0.28和0.33 mg/L,处理后的电镀废水各污染物浓度均达到排放标准。泡沫产品中镉、锌、铜、镍品位分别达到3.2%、9.3%、18.1%和13.2%,具有极高的资源回收价值。     

高浓度焦化废水湿式氧化铜系催化剂的研制

通过共沉淀法制备了铜系催化剂 ,用于催化湿式氧化处理高浓度焦化废水。结果表明 ,铜氧化物催化剂的催化活性明显优于其他过渡金属氧化物 ;优化催化剂的设计和制备方法 ,可有效地改善Cu2 +的溶出问题 ,使该类催化剂具有广阔的应用前景     

UV/H_2O_2-NaOH沉淀法处理铜-酒石酸络合体系模拟电镀废水的研究

含铜电镀废水中酒石酸等络合剂的存在,使得采用普通氢氧化物或硫化物沉淀法难以满足达标排放的要求。采用UV/H2O2-NaOH沉淀法处理铜-酒石酸络合体系模拟电镀废水,考察了光照时间、初始pH、H2O2投加量等因素对处理过程的影响。结果表明,对于铜-酒石酸络合体系(酒石酸质量浓度为418mg/L,CuSO4·5H2O质量浓度为196mg/L),得出的最佳处理条件为:光照时间70min,H2O2投加量1.07g/L,初始pH 3.0,出水中铜质量浓度可以低于0.3mg/L的排放标准,为后续工业化应用奠定了基础。     

线路板园区综合废水碱法除铜优化实验

线路板废水中的铜主要以络合态存在,破络除铜是其处理稳定达标的关键环节。为了降低运行费用和产泥量,同时为后期的工程升级改造提供依据和参考,实验研究了碱法破络除铜最佳pH值、Na2S/Cu摩尔比、反应时间和絮凝剂种类的选择等,并从处理效率、投药成本、污泥产量多方面考核,确定最佳运行条件:以NaOH调节pH到10.5左右,Na2S与进水总铜摩尔比为1.5∶1～2∶1,反应30 min,再加100 mg/L的PAC和3 mg/L的PAM混凝反应,沉淀0.5 h,出水铜浓度低于0.3 mg/L,达到《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 21900-2008)中的总铜排放标准。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。