氧化铝对磺胺嘧啶的吸附性能研究

研究了不同振荡时间和pH下,氧化铝对磺胺嘧啶的吸附特性。结果表明:氧化铝对磺胺嘧啶的吸附在70 min时达到平衡;强酸和强碱均不利于氧化铝吸附磺胺嘧啶,pH接近中性有利于氧化铝对磺胺嘧啶的吸附。由吸附动力学可知,氧化铝对磺胺嘧啶的吸附更符合准二级动力学。     

羧甲基纤维素/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料对刚果红的吸附与解吸性能

羧甲基纤维素(CMC)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料作为吸附剂应用于废水处理,对其结构进行了表征并对吸附时间、染料初始浓度、染料pH对该吸附剂吸附染料刚果红的影响进行了研究,同时探讨了吸附动力学和吸附热力学。结果表明,羧甲基纤维素与有机蒙脱土已经很好地复合,在吸附温度为30℃条件下,当吸附时间为4 h,染料初始浓度为800 mg/L,染料pH=10时吸附剂对染料表现出较好的吸附效果,吸附量可达156.64 mg/g。吸附符合伪二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温式。分别借助振荡器和超声波对吸附饱和的吸附剂进行解吸,研究解吸时间对吸附剂解吸实验的影响,结果表明,超声波条件下的解吸效果(34.45%)好于无超声波条件(15.69%),超声波有助于提高解吸率。     

木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能研究

利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)方法,对木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构进行表征,并研究了溶液pH、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、吸附时间和吸附温度对木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响.结果表明:(1)木质纤维素和蒙脱土复合后形成了插层一剥离型的纳米复合材料；(2)在溶液pH为2、Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为100mg/L、吸附温度为30℃、吸附时间为180 min的条件下,木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量达5.72mg/g;(3)木质纤维素/蒙脱土纳米复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合伪二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温式.     

固定化改性蒙脱土对苯酚吸附性能的研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对天然蒙脱土进行改性,并用聚乙烯醇对改性蒙脱土进行固定化处理,然后进行柱状吸附和振荡条件的吸附试验。研究结果表明,HDTMA改性蒙脱土固定化后能有效吸附苯酚,不同环境条件对苯酚的柱状吸附能力产生不同的影响。在pH4~8的范围内,固定化改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附效果无显著性差异,pH在10以上,其吸附能力明显下降;温度对吸附效果影响不大;进水苯酚浓度越高,改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附量越大,但出水苯酚浓度也高;苯酚的流速越小,吸附容量越高,吸附效果越好。     

固定化改性蒙脱土对苯酚吸附性能的研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对天然蒙脱土进行改性，并用聚乙烯醇对改性蒙脱土进行固定化处理，然后进行柱状吸附和振荡条件的吸附试验。研究结果表明，HDTMA改性蒙脱土固定化后能有效吸附苯酚，不同环境条件对苯酚的柱状吸附能力产生不同的影响。在pH4～8的范围内，固定化改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附效果无显著性差异，pH在10以上．其吸附能力明显下降；温度对吸附效果影响不大；进水苯酚浓度越高，改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附量越大，但出水苯酚浓度也高；苯酚的流速越小，吸附容量越高，吸附效果越好。     

核桃果皮炭粉对3种重金属离子吸附的影响

采用均匀设计的实验方法,研究了2种核桃果皮炭粉(提取水溶性混合物和未提取水溶性混合物的核桃皮炭粉)对Cr、Cu和Cd等重金属离子的吸附最优条件以及对3种离子吸附的影响因素。结果表明,核桃皮炭粉对Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd2+和Cu2+的吸附最优条件为:pH=4,温度为60℃,浓度为150μg/mL,吸附剂用量为2.4 g,时间为120 min;pH=4.5,温度为30℃,浓度为180μg/mL,吸附剂用量为5.4 g,时间为60 min;pH=5,温度为80℃,浓度为210μg/mL,吸附剂用量为0.4 g,时间为100 min;pH和Cr(Ⅵ)浓度增大,不利于2种吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附;pH和温度增大,不利于2种吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附;温度和吸附剂用量增加,有利于2种吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附。未提取水溶性混合物比提取水溶性混合物的核桃果皮炭粉对3种金属的吸附显著。2种吸附剂的吸附率均表现为Cr>Cd>Cu。     

粘土吸附剂在废水处理中的应用

粘土类矿物因具有独特的层状结构而表现出良好的吸附和离子交换性能 ,在废水处理中有广阔的应用前景。本文在介绍了膨润土、蒙脱土、凹凸棒土、硅藻土和海泡石等粘土矿物的结构和性质的基础上 ,对其作为吸附剂在废水处理中的应用研究情况进行了综述 ,并对其以后的发展进行了讨论     

核桃壳对模拟废水中Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

采用核桃壳作为吸附剂,对模拟废水中的Cu2+进行吸附去除,考察了吸附剂粒径、水样初始pH、吸附剂用量、Cu2+初始浓度、吸附时间等因素对Cu2+吸附效果的影响,确定最佳吸附参数,并进行了吸附动力学和吸附等温线分析。结果表明:最佳吸附参数为核桃壳吸附剂粒径1.25~1.60mm、水样初始pH 5.0、吸附剂用量2.5g,Cu2+初始质量浓度20mg/L、吸附时间360min,在此条件下100mL水样在200r/min、25℃条件下吸附的Cu2+去除率达70%以上,吸附量约为0.702mg/g;本实验过程采用伪二级动力学方程的拟合更好,R2均在0.9以上,Cu2+吸附速率与其浓度的二次方成正比;Langmuir方程可以较好地描述核桃壳吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附过程,此吸附过程是单分子层的吸附。     

聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/膨润土/腐植酸钠三维网络凝胶吸附剂对Cd2+吸附性能研究

制备了一种聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/膨润土/腐植酸钠三维网络凝胶吸附剂,重点考察了吸附剂对Cd2+吸附的pH依赖性、吸附动力学和吸附等温线.结果表明,Cd2+溶液pH值对吸附容量有较大影响.在pH=8、吸附时间30 min、Cd2+溶液初始浓度0.02 mol/L和吸附剂用量0.10 g的条件下,吸附剂对Cd2+的饱和吸附量可达294.7 mg/g.与膨润土相比,三维网络凝胶吸附剂具有更高的吸附容量和更快的吸附速率.     

TiO_2@碳纳米管吸附去除盐酸四环素

采用静电组装法制备了Ti O2@碳纳米管复合吸附剂,用以除去水中的盐酸四环素。通过FE-SEM、EDS和XRD进行表征,考察了pH、初始浓度和吸附剂用量对吸附过程的影响,研究了吸附动力学、等温模型和热力学,并对吸附剂的再生进行了评价。结果表明,复合吸附剂对盐酸四环素的最大饱和吸附量为52.33 mg/g;最佳吸附pH值为6,强酸不利于吸附;当初始浓度在15~60 mg/L范围内时,吸附量随着初始浓度的增大而增加;当吸附剂投加量为0.50 g/L时,吸附效率最高。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型。热力学参数ΔG0、ΔH0,表明该吸附过程是自发、吸热过程。H2O2-Ti O2光催化协同效应可有效完成吸附剂的再生。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。