CaH2对Cu-Ce-La-ZSM-5催化分解NO性能的影响

实验采用一步离子交换法制备Cu-Ce-La-ZSM-5催化剂,然后采用共混法制得Cu-Ce-La-ZSM-5/CaH2催化剂。采用扫描电镜（SEM）,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）,X射线衍射（XRD）,红外（FTIR）以及NO吸脱附（NO-TPD）对催化剂进行表征。结果显示CaH2的加入使得催化剂中铜离子存在形式发生变化,催化剂表面变光滑洁净,并且吸附NO能力增强。NO催化分解实验的结果表明CaH2提高了催化剂活性和抗氧性。CaH2助催性是由于其受热分解过程中产生的H2能将Cu^2＋还原为具有催化活性的Cu^＋,同时使催化剂表面洁净光滑更容易吸附NO。     

Ce-HPW-TiO2催化剂利用C3H6选择性催化还原NO反应的机理

为提高C_3H_6-SCR脱硝催化剂的低温脱硝性能,采用浸渍法合成了几种由铈和Keggin型磷钨酸改性的TiO_2催化剂。在模拟烟气的实验条件下,考察了不同催化剂在150～350℃的脱硝活性,通过XRD、FT-IR和SEM对催化剂的理化性质进行了分析,并且通过原位FT-IR探究并对比了不同催化剂在吸附NO和C_3H_6时产生的吸附物种。结果表明:铈和磷钨酸的共掺杂大大提高了TiO_2催化剂在中低温区的脱硝效率;Ce和H_3PW_(12)O_(40)(HPW)成功负载于TiO_2上,负载的HPW也保留了其Keggin结构,而且负载后的催化剂表面更加光滑,形态更加规则,分散性更好;原位FT-IR结果显示:Ce和HPW的掺杂可以促进催化剂表面硝酸盐物质和丙烯吸附物种的形成;同时发现无论是在预吸附NO还是在预吸附C_3H_6的情况下,Ce-HPW-TiO_2(CM)催化剂表面发生的反应活性最高。由此提出了Ce-HPW-TiO_2(CM)催化剂的反应机理,发现其反应中间体主要为无机硝酸盐、甲酸盐、乙酸盐和有机氮化合物。     

锰铜铈氧化物催化剂氧化NO性能及动力学研究

实验以TiO2为载体采用浸渍法制备CuOx/TiO2、CeOx/TiO2、CuCeOx/TiO2和MnCuCeOx/TiO2催化剂,考察这些催化剂氧化NO活性,探究Cu、Ce摩尔比和添加Mn元素对CuCeOx/TiO2催化剂氧化NO活性的影响,使用扫描电镜观察催化剂表面结构。研究发现,Cu、Ce元素配合后的CuCeOx/TiO2催化剂氧化活性明显好于单独含Cu、Ce的催化剂,当Cu、Ce摩尔比为Cu:Ce=1∶2时,CuCeOx/TiO2催化剂氧化活性最好,在NO浓度500×10-6,O210%,空速为24 000 h-1,350℃时,NO氧化度为0.62;添加Mn元素可以提高CuCeOx/TiO2催化剂低温氧化活性,250℃时,MnCuCe/Ti-3和MnCuCe/Ti-5催化剂氧化度为0.53和0.69,300℃时,MnCuCe/Ti-3和MnCuCe/Ti-5催化剂氧化度均为0.76;此外,实验还研究了NO在MnCuCe/Ti-3催化剂上反应的动力学方程。     

膜催化处理废气中一氧化氮的性能及机制

以聚砜(PSF)中空纤维膜为载体采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe-TiO_2/PSF中空纤维复合膜催化剂,考察其光催化模拟烟气中NO的脱除性能。实验条件下,紫外光照射时NO去除率可达35%。采用X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了Fe-TiO_2/PSF中空纤维复合膜催化剂,结果表明,膜催化反应中存在·OH自由基、NO_3~-等物质。Fe-TiO_2/PSF膜催化处理NO的作用机制为NO经膜孔吸附到催化剂表面,被Fe-TiO_2膜光催化反应产生的自由基团氧化成NO_2及HNO_2,经进一步氧化形成最终产物HNO_3。Fe-TiO_2/PSF膜光催化处理NO气体遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型。     

MnOx／Al-SBA-15催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原NO的原位红外研究

用原位红外分别进行了MnOx／Al-SBA-15催化剂上NH3和NO＋O2的吸附态和瞬态实验以及NH3＋NO＋02反应的稳态实验。结果表明，催化剂上存在着L酸位和B酸位，NH3吸附在催化剂上形成配位态的NH3和NH4＋，配位态的NH3能脱氢形成-NH2活性中间态。NO＋O2在催化剂上吸附形成硝酸盐类、硝基类和亚硝酸盐类。将NO＋O2通入预吸附NH3的催化剂中时，表面的配位态的NH3、NH4＋和-NH2都会减少直至消失，SCR反应显著。而将NH3通人预吸附NO＋O2的催化剂中时，只有硝基类和亚硝酸盐类减少，硝酸盐类基本不发生变化，SCR反应微弱。NH3＋NO＋O2稳态反应中，催化剂表面稳定存在着NH4＋和硝酸盐类，SCR反应显著。     

类水滑石复合金属氧化物的制备及催化分解N 2O的性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列类水滑石金属氧化物作为催化剂,并采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、BET分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对其进行了表征分析。结果表明,所制备的催化剂经过530℃焙烧仍基本保持了类水滑石的结构特征。催化剂表面CO_2吸附态大概可以划分为3种,即300℃以下的低温吸附态、300～550℃的中温吸附态及550℃以上的高温吸附态。催化剂催化分解N_2O性能的变化规律基本与其表面碱性变化相符。含La、Mg、Al的类水滑石复合金属氧化物催化剂具有较好的催化分解N_2O的稳定性。     

催化剂Cu/HZSM-5的硅铝比对催化分解N2O的影响

为系统研究Cu/HZSM-5硅铝比对其各类性能的影响,采用等体积浸渍法与离子交换法,以硅铝比为27、50、117的HZSM-5为载体,制备负载型N_2O催化分解催化剂Cu/HZSM-5和Cu/ZSM-5,催化剂的活性组分为CuO。通过催化剂反应活性评价、X射线荧光光谱分析、X射线衍射分析结果,对2种方法制备催化剂活性的差异进行了分析。利用比表面积孔径分析仪(BET)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)、氢气程序升温还原分析(H_2-TPR)、氨气程序升温脱附分析(NH_3-TPD)等表征手段对催化剂物化性质等进行分析,得到载体HZSM-5的硅铝比差异对催化剂特征结构、比表面积、特征形貌、酸性位数量、可还原性能的影响规律。等体积浸渍法制备的催化剂活性评价结果表明,硅铝比为27的Cu_8/HZSM-5催化剂活性最好,完全催化分解N_2O的温度在400℃左右。水热稳定性实验结果以及寿命实验结果表明,硅铝比为27的Cu_8/HZSM-5具有良好的水热稳性,3种硅铝比的Cu_8/HZSM-5催化剂均具备良好的热稳定性。Cu/HZSM-5的活性评价以及各种表征结果显示,在一定范围内,硅铝比越低,催化剂活性越好。     

γ-Al2O3负载金属氧化物热催化分解沙林毒剂模拟剂

为了考察负载型金属氧化物催化剂对毒剂的热催化分解性能,以γ-Al_2O_3为载体,金属氧化物(Mn、Ni、Fe、Co、Cu和Ce)为活性组分,采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型金属氧化物催化剂,对沙林毒剂模拟剂——甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)进行了热催化分解评价实验,分别研究了不同反应温度、空速条件下热催化分解性能的变化规律。结果表明,在几种负载型金属氧化物催化剂中,CuO/γ-Al_2O_3表现出了最佳的防护性能。通过调控CuO负载量(1%～20%),发现5%CuO/γ-Al_2O_3具有较高的分散度和比表面积,热催化分解性能最好。磷物种的沉积造成催化剂比表面积的降低和晶体结构的破坏,是催化剂活性下降的主要原因。     

多孔TiO2为载体的V2O5-WO3脱硝催化剂制备和表征

以硫酸氧钛为钛源,氨水为沉淀剂,制备得到大比表面积(60m2/g)的锐钛矿TiO2载体.TiO2载体具有多孔结构,孔径集中在5～12nm,孔体积达到0.24cm3/g.以多孔TiO2为载体,采用浸渍法制备不同V2O5负载量的V2O5-WO3催化剂,利用拉曼(Raman)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行表征,并研究了不同V2O5负载量催化剂的脱硝活性,以及NO浓度和NH3/NO摩尔比对催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,V2O5在TiO2表面高度分散,当V2O5负载量在3%(质量分数)以下时,载体表面钒物种为单体钒,表现出最好的脱硝活性,在280～450℃内NO转化率均能达到90%以上.该催化剂对不同进口NO浓度有较强的适应能力.采用该催化剂的脱硝工艺,NH3/NO摩尔比宜保持在0.8～1.0.     

Cu-CuO-MnO_2核壳催化剂的制备及其催化降解亚甲基蓝的性能

在Cu基底上制备Cu(OH)_2,水热条件下KMnO_4在Cu(OH)_2表面分解为MnO_2、煅烧得到Cu-CuO-MnO_2核壳催化剂。用XRD、SEM、Raman和TG对该催化剂进行了表征,并研究了其催化H2O2降解亚甲基蓝的性能。研究了催化剂制备过程中KMnO_4分解反应时间、煅烧温度及催化过程中H2O2的用量对其催化降解性能的影响。结果表明:KMn O4分解反应时间3 h、煅烧温度250℃、H_2O_2的用量6 m L时,该催化剂的使用可使亚甲基蓝降解率达到96.4%。催化剂的重复循环使用结果表明,循环5次使用降解率均高于94%。表明Cu-Cu O-Mn O2核壳催化剂具有较高的催化性能及稳定性,对染料废水的处理具有潜在应用价值。     

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of VOCs using Ln3+-TiO2 catalysts for indoor air purification

Two types of lanthanide ion-doped titanium dioxide (Ln3+-TiO2) catalysts including La3+-TiO2 and Nd3+-TiO2 were prepared by a sol-gel method. The effects of the lanthanide ion doping on the crystal structure, surface area, adsorption properties, pore size distribution, and surface chemical state of the catalysts were investigated by means of XRD, BET, and XPS. As results, the crystal size decreased significantly, while the specific surface area, t-plot total surface area, micropore volume, and the total pore volume increased owing to the lanthanide ion doping. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the catalysts showed that the N2 adsorption ability of the Ln3+-TiO2 catalysts was better than the TiO2 catalyst. Among them, the 0.7% Ln3+-TiO2 catalysts demonstrated the highest adsorption ability. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was investigated in the experiments of the photocatalytic degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX) in a gaseous phase. The photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2 catalysts with the lanthanide ion doping was remarkably enhanced by BTEX removal. The 1.2% Ln3+-TiO2 catalysts achieved the highest photocatalytic activity. The enhanced photodegradation of BTEX is possibly due to the improved adsorption ability and the enhanced electron-hole pairs separation due to the presence of Ti3+ on the surface of Ln3+-TiO2 catalysts and the electron transfer between the conduction band/defect level and lanthanide crystal field state.     

TiO2 nanotube-supported cu as the catalyst for selective NO reduction with NH3

Catalyst supports composed of titanate nanotubes were prepared from hydrothermal treatment on TiO2 nanoparticles in NaOH followed by HCl washing. The nanotubes exhibited well-defined TiO2 anatase phase after calcination at 400 degrees C. The nanotube aggregates and other commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles, all with surface areas >300 m(2)/g, were impregnated with Cu and examined in selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3. In catalyst preparation, the nanotubes were found to be more thermally stable than nanoparticles, withstanding agglomeration at elevated temperatures. The Cu species supported on the nanotubes showed a higher catalytic activity than those supported on the nanoparticles. Analysis with temperature programmed reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and NO adsorption reflected that the layered-titanate feature of the tube wall was advantageous for even distribution of the Cu species, thus leading to the high-catalytic activity of the tubular Cu/TiO2 catalyst.     

Wet air oxidation of a reactive dye solution using CoAlPO(4)-5 and CeO(2) catalysts

Wet air oxidation of a prepared reactive dye solution was performed to assess the efficacy of CoAlPO(4)-5 and CeO(2) as catalysts in the reaction. Via adsorption and oxidation of dye, CoAlPO(4)-5 effectively decreased American Dye Manufacturers Institute and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values in the dye solution. At a reaction temperature of 135 degrees C and an applied pressure of 1.0 MPa, color and COD removal were as high as 95% and 90%, respectively, after 2 h. Active sites on the outer surface of CoAlPO(4)-5 are responsible for adsorption and decomposition of dye while active sites in the pores dominate further destruction and oxidation of intermediate products. Since the outer surface only represents a minor part of the total surface, the color removal does not increase appreciably with loading of CoAlPO(4)-5. The CeO(2) catalyst, calcined from cerium chloride under high thermal impact (type A CeO(2)) was very effective in removing color and COD from the solution. This catalyst demonstrated near 100% color removal at temperatures above 135 degrees C and the COD removal could be above 95% at 165 degrees C. With both CoAlPO(4)-5 and CeO(2) catalysts, COD rose and then fell back during the reaction, a feature typical of a consecutive reaction. In contrast to prepared CeO(2), a commercial CeO(2) did not exhibit any catalytic ability for the removal of color and COD. The durability of both CoAlPO(4)-5 and prepared CeO(2) is considered to be fair.     

腐殖酸树脂处理含Pb2+、CU2+、Ni2+废水的研究

利用泥炭为原料制备腐殖酸树脂.在动态条件下,研究了腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+的吸附效果及吸附条件.同时探讨了腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+的吸附与解吸再生机理,吸附机理研究表明,腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+的主要吸附形式为离子交换吸附和络合吸附.结果表明,在废水pH值为5.0～7.0,Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+浓度分别为50 mg/L,经腐殖酸树脂处理,Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+去除率可达98%以上,且处理后废水近中性.含Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+电镀废水经腐殖酸树脂处理后,废水中Pb2+、Cu2+和Ni2+含量显著低于国家排放标准.     

Modification of carbon-coated TiO2 by iron to increase adsorptivity and photoactivity for phenol

Carbon-coated TiO(2) modified by iron, were prepared from TiO(2) of anatase structure and PET modified by FeC(2)O(4). Catalysts were prepared by mixing powders of TiO(2) and modified PET and heating at different temperatures, from 400 to 800 degrees C under flow of Ar gas. High adsorption of phenol was observed on the catalyst heated at 400 degrees C, confirmed by FT-IR analysis. On this catalyst, fast rate of phenol decomposition was achieved by addition of small amount of H(2)O(2) to the reaction mixture. Phenol decomposition proceeded mainly through the direct oxidation of phenol species adsorbed on the catalyst surface due to the photo-Fenton reaction. Iron-modified carbon-coated TiO(2) catalysts heated at 500-800 degrees C showed almost no phenol adsorption or oxidation.     

铜-胺改性ZSM-5吸附剂的制备及其对NOx的净化机理

以ZSM-5分子筛粉体为原料，成型后负载铜盐和有机胺改性，制备出一种高效脱除氮氧化物的吸附剂。通过改变铜盐、有机胺的含量以及铜盐活化温度使吸附剂的性能得到优化，在实验条件下（NO：初浓度1000mg／m^3，气流2．7L／min）床层对NO2动态吸附的透过时间由改性前的3min提高到90min，并使NO气体的释放得到有效减缓。通过动态吸附实验研究了NO释放时间在负载前后的变化，通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和红外分析（FTIR）研究了吸附剂表面铜元素、有机基团等在吸附前后的变化规律，提出了可能的净化机理。     

Al2O3-supported transition-metal oxide catalysts for catalytic incineration of toluene

The catalytic incineration of toluene over gamma-Al2O3-supported transition-metal oxide catalysts in the temperature range of 200-380 degrees C was investigated employing a fixed bed flow reactor. CuO/gamma-Al2O3 was found to be the most active of seven catalysts tested. Using this catalyst with different wt% Cu in the incineration of toluene, we found that the optimal Cu content was 5 wt%. X-ray diffraction, BET surface area and hydrogen-temperature-programmed reduction showed that it was mainly the formation of large CuO crystals that caused declines in catalyst activity at Cu content above 5 wt%. Addition of water vapor or CO2 inhibited catalyst activity, but this effect was reversible. Although coexistence of toluene and n-hexane resulted in a reduction in n-hexane conversion, the impact on toluene oxidation was only negligible. Temperature-programmed desorption revealed that this differential effect was due to more competitive adsorption of toluene onto active sites of the catalyst.     

Ti-Ce-Zr-Ox复合脱硝催化剂的制备及其性能研究

采用共混法制备了Ti-Ce-Zr-Ox复合脱硝催化剂TiCe0.1Zr0.1O2.4,运用X射线衍射、氮气物理吸附、扫描电镜等表征手段,分别对该催化剂的晶型、表面积、孔分布及结构形貌进行了分析,同时考察了反应温度、空速、水蒸气和SO2对该催化剂NH3选择性催化还原NO的影响.结果表明,TiCe0.1Zr0.1O2.4催...     

铈锆固溶体负载LaCoO3催化碳烟的性能和表征

用柠檬酸法制备了铈锆固溶体负载不同量LaCoO3的催化剂。用热重法测试了催化剂样品对碳烟的催化活性。采用程序升温还原法（H2-TPR）、BET、X-射线衍射仪（XRD）和X-射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对催化剂进行了测试。结果表明,铈锆固溶体表面形成了稳定的LaCoO3钙钛矿相结构;负载量为30%LaCoO3的催化剂具有最高的催化活性,起燃温度降到530℃;催化剂的催化活性与催化剂还原峰强度以及催化剂表面氧物种OII的含量紧密相关。