改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中的H2S

研究了以Cu²⁺离子活性溶液制备改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中H₂S的相关问题，考察了改性活性炭制备过程中的浸渍液浓度、干燥温度和焙烧温度的影响，以及温度和氧含量对吸附的影响；并对空白活性炭、改性活性炭吸附前后做SEM表征。研究结果表明，浸渍液浓度0.05 mol/L、干燥温度120℃、焙烧温度250℃为改性活性炭制备的最佳条件；吸附反应阶段较适宜的温度为95℃，氧含量为1%；结合扫描电镜初步表明，改性后的活性炭S容量增加，吸附效果明显。     

改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气巾的PH3

通过钢瓶配气模拟和气相色谱GC-14C测定的方法,研究了改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中PH3的相关问题.得到了吸附反应的最佳吸附温度、氧含量、气体流量、改性液浓度、活性炭粒径和焙烧温度.再生方法可行,可通过再生液回收磷酸.热重差热分析和孔径分布初步证明吸附质为磷和磷氧化物.     

改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中的PH3

通过钢瓶配气模拟和气相色谱GC-14C测定的方法，研究了改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中PH₃的相关问题。得到了吸附反应的最佳吸附温度、氧含量、气体流量、改性液浓度、活性炭粒径和焙烧温度。再生方法可行，可通过再生液回收磷酸。热重差热分析和孔径分布初步证明吸附质为磷和磷氧化物。     

改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中的PH_3

通过钢瓶配气模拟和气相色谱GC-14C测定的方法,研究了改性活性炭吸附净化黄磷尾气中PH3的相关问题。得到了吸附反应的最佳吸附温度、氧含量、气体流量、改性液浓度、活性炭粒径和焙烧温度。再生方法可行,可通过再生液回收磷酸。热重差热分析和孔径分布初步证明吸附质为磷和磷氧化物。     

酸碱、高温改性13X分子筛及其对苯乙烯的吸附

针对原样13X分子筛吸附速率和吸附容量低的问题,通过碱溶液(NaOH,NH_3)和酸溶液(CH_3COOH,HCl)对13X分子筛进行浸渍改性,并对酸改性后的分子筛进行高温二次处理,考察了试剂种类、试剂浓度、浸渍时间、焙烧温度、焙烧时间5个因素对分子筛吸附性能的影响,并采用SEM和BET进行了表征。结果表明:最佳改性条件是盐酸浓度6.0 mol·L~(-1)、浸渍时间24 h、焙烧温度450℃、焙烧时间6 h;在最佳条件下制备的改性分子筛极大提高了对苯乙烯的吸附速率和吸附容量;改性后的分子筛对苯乙烯的动态吸附更符合准2级动力学模型,R2均大于0.98;SEM表征结果说明改性后分子筛表面孔隙率明显增加;BET比表面积分析结果说明酸改性可使分子筛各类孔面积增加,而高温改性会使BET比表面积和中孔面积增加,微孔面积降低;相关分析结果显示,改性分子筛对苯乙烯动态饱和吸附量与BET比表面积和中孔面积均呈显著正相关。     

煤基活性炭的改性及其对含铜废水的吸附性能

利用乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-Na2)对煤基颗粒活性炭进行改性以提高其对废水中Cu2+的去除效率,探讨了温度、EDTA-Na_2浓度、改性时间和固液比对活性炭改性的影响。结果表明:在124℃、0.14 MPa的条件下,利用0.05 mol/L的EDTA-Na_2溶液改性处理煤基活性炭,当固液比1∶10、浸渍时间40 min时,所制备的活性炭对模拟含Cu~(2+)废水的去除率高达90.8%,而未经改性处理的活性炭对废水中Cu~(2+)的去除率仅为60.9%。采用比表面积和孔径测定(BET)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对改性前后活性炭表面结构和性能进行表征。在优化条件下制备的改性活性炭羟基含量增多,微晶尺度变小,表面活性位增多,有利于Cu~(2+)的吸附。     

KMnO4改性活性炭对臭气中甲硫醇的吸附特性

针对普通活性炭对污水厂臭气中甲硫醇吸附量低的问题,采用KMnO4浸渍改性以获得高甲硫醇吸附量的改性活性炭,通过低温氮吸附仪、扫描电子显微镜和Boehm滴定等表征揭示改性后活性炭吸附量提高的原因,并进行改性活性炭吸附甲硫醇的动力学和热力学研究。结果表明:在KMnO_4浓度为1%、温度为25℃、活性炭与浸渍液质量比为8∶100的条件下浸渍6 h,改性活性炭对甲硫醇的静态吸附量最高,达到344.22 mg·g~(-1),是未改性前的4.04倍:改性活性炭对甲硫醇吸附量提高的原因主要是表面碱性基团的增加(是原来的2.53倍),以及微孔容积和比表面积的增加。改性活性炭对甲硫醇的吸附符合准二级动力学模型,同时粒子内扩散模型显示吸附过程由气相扩散和内扩散共同作用;符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,具有多层吸附特征,且吸附容易进行,属于优惠吸附,是一个自发、放热和熵减的过程,升温不利于对甲硫醇的吸附。     

改性整体式活性炭净化NO

通过KOH改性整体式无烟煤活性炭,制备了NO吸附净化材料。利用SEM、EDS和N2吸附-脱附对活性炭表面形貌特性、元素组成、比表面积及孔径分布等进行表征,并分别考察了KOH溶液浓度、干燥温度、反应空速、反应温度等因素对活性炭净化NO性能的影响。结果表明,活性炭的微孔结构对NO的吸附起主要作用,NO的净化效率随空速的增加而降低,随反应温度升高先升高后降低。经20%KOH溶液改性,30℃干燥的活性炭材料具有较丰富的微孔结构和孔容,在30℃和空速15 000 h-1的反应条件下,材料对NO的净化效率可达到73%左右。     

长柄扁桃核壳活性炭的制备及表征

以长柄扁桃核壳为原料采用磷酸活化法制备活性炭，分别研究了温度、时间、浸渍比和磷酸浓度对活性炭吸附性能的影响；进而采用氮气吸附曲线和SEM对最佳工艺条件下的活性炭进行了表征。结果表明，长柄扁桃核壳是一种优质的活性炭原料；当温度为400℃，活化时间2 h，浸渍比2：1，磷酸浓度60%时，得到产率为46.46%，碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为1 073 mg/g、255 mg/g，比表面积高达1 740 m²/g，中孔率为73.12%的孔隙发达的高中孔率活性炭。     

改性污泥活性炭对水中镉离子的吸附性能

以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为原料,氯化锌为活化剂制备污泥活性炭,对一部分污泥活性炭用6.0 mol/L的硝酸进行改性,并研究了未改性和改性的污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附行为的影响。结果表明,在pH为5.0、Cd2＋初始浓度为100 mg/L、吸附剂投加量为2.0 g/L、反应温度为25℃时,未改性的污泥活性炭吸附容量为8.45 mg/g,硝酸改性的污泥活性炭吸附容量达到了23.35 mg/g。改性和未改性的污泥活性炭对Cd2＋都有较好的吸附容量,硝酸改性大幅度提高了污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附性能。常温下改性污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。