光和微生物降解对芦苇落叶溶解有机物与铅相互作用的影响

溶解有机物（DOM）是决定水环境中铅（Pb）的形态、环境行为和生态风险的重要因子.然而,落叶DOM与Pb（II）络合作用的调控机制尚不清楚.光和微生物降解是调控DOM含量、组成与活性的两个关键过程.本研究运用降解培养实验、光谱学表征和荧光猝灭滴定,考察光和微生物降解单独作用和共同作用对芦苇落叶DOM的改造及其对DOM与Pb（II）相互作用的影响.激发-发射三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析共识别出4个类腐殖质组分（C1~C4）和1个类蛋白质组分（C5）.类腐殖质组分更容易被光降解,类蛋白质组分则被微生物优先利用,光降解在短期的光-微生物降解过程中起主导作用.对于原始落叶DOM,Pb（II）主要与类腐殖质组分C1、C2和C4络合,C3组分只在光-微生物降解后的样品呈现显著荧光猝灭,类蛋白质组分C5在光和光-微生物降解后开始参与络合.类腐殖质C1与Pb（II）络合的条件稳定常数logK_M在光降解后升高而在光-微生物降解后下降,C2和C4的logK_M值经过各降解过程后均升高.降解后这3个组分参与络合的比例f和络合容量F_max·f均显著降低,且光降解的影响显著高于微生物降解.这些结果表明,光降解和微生物降解对DOM丰度、组成和结构的改造将显著影响其与金属离子的络合稳定性和络合容量.     

白洋淀夏季汛期入淀河流水体溶解性有机物的光谱特征及来源

溶解性有机物（DOM）是全球最大的有机碳储存库,在天然水体的生物地球化学循环中起着至关重要的作用.河流是连接源头与受纳水体的过渡区,是进行DOM交换的关键环节.因此,运用紫外-可见光谱技术（UV-vis）和三维荧光光谱技术（EEMs）结合平行因子分析法（PARAFAC）,分析了夏季汛期白洋淀流域府河、小白河、白沟引河和瀑河水体中溶解性有机物的光谱特征及其来源.结果表明,府河和小白河水体的a₂₄₅和a₃₅₅显著高于白沟引河和瀑河;E₂/E₃显示入淀河流水体DOM相对分子质量大小为：瀑河>白沟引河>府河>小白河.三维荧光通过PARAFAC共解析出3种组分,分别为类酪氨酸（C1）、陆源类腐殖质（C2）和类色氨酸（C3）;各荧光组分间不存在差异（P>0.05）,C2和C3组分在不同入淀河流间存在差异（P<0.05）;易降解类蛋白质组分（C1+C3）占比高于类腐殖质组分C2.各入淀河流自生源指数BIX都大于1,腐殖化指数HIX都小于4,表明入淀河流水体自生源特征明显,腐殖化程度较弱;府河水体具有最高的FI指数（1.96 ± 0.25）和最低的HIX指数（0.46 ± 0.08）,且沿入淀河流方向自生源特征逐渐加强,表明府河水体呈现更高的内源特征.经入淀河流水体DOM的荧光组分与特征参数相关性分析得出,府河水体与小白河水体相关性呈现相似关系,白沟引河水体与瀑河水体呈现相似关系;各入淀河流水体DOM的荧光组分与水质参数的相关性呈现明显差异,并且与水体氮、磷关联较强;经多元线性回归分析,各入淀河流在C1组分之间不存在显著差异,在C2组分和C3组分之间存在显著差异.综上所述,通过对夏季汛期入淀河流水体的DOM光谱特征及来源的研究,进一步认识了白洋淀入淀河流的碳循环过程.     

基于UV-vis和EEMs解析白洋淀冬季冰封期间隙水DOM的光谱特征及来源

基于三维荧光光谱（EEMs）技术结合平行因子分析法（PARAFAC）以及紫外-可见光谱技术（UV-vis）,对雄安新区-白洋淀冬季冰封期不同特征区域间隙水溶解性有机物（DOM）的光谱特征以及来源进行解析.结果表明：冬季冰封期白洋淀不同特征淀区间隙水DOM的相对浓度差异显著,养殖区的最高、旅游区的最低;冰封期白洋淀大部分区域间隙水DOM的E₃/E₄均大于3.5,说明DOM以低腐殖质成分为主;三维荧光通过PARAFAC解析出3种组分,分别为类酪氨酸（C1）、类色氨酸（C2）和陆源腐殖质（C3）;对3个组分进行相关性分析,结果显示C1与C2之间的相关系数达到0.99（p<0.001）;白洋淀各个特征区域间的DOM总荧光强度和各荧光组分相对丰度呈现显著的差异（p<0.05）;DOM的总荧光强度以及各组分的荧光强度均呈现出唐河入淀口高的特征,C1+C2是DOM的主要成分呈现养殖区多、自然区少的特点,养殖区达到79.30%~92.04%,自然区达到26.60%~38.55%;冰封期白洋淀间隙水水体的DOM荧光指数FI为（2.58±0.23）>1.8,生物源指数（BIX）为1.20±0.25,表明白洋淀DOM来源于生物活动并且以自生源为主,与腐殖程度指标（HIX）的结果相吻合;a₂₅₄与硝氮、溶解性总磷和A₂₅₄/A₂₀₄,a₃₅₅与S_350~400;a₄₄₀与S_275~295、S_350~400、E₂/E₄、E₂/E₆和E₄/E₆,C1以及C2与Fn₂₈₀,C3与硝氮和Fn₃₅₅相关性很好（p<0.05）.综上,通过对冬季冰封期白洋淀各个典型淀区间隙水水体DOM光谱特征进行研究,可以为分析白洋淀水体有机物污染特征和白洋淀的水质管理提供技术支持.     

光谱特征法辨识不同污染景观河道中溶解性有机物的组分与来源

利用三维荧光光谱（EEMs）结合平行因子分析方法（PARAFAC）及紫外-可见光谱技术（UV-vis）,对苏州古城区内不同污染状况的景观河道中溶解性有机物（DOM）的光谱特征和来源进行解析.结果表明,苏州古城区内景观河道水体总体上表现为氮、磷营养盐污染.水体中的DOM解析出4种荧光组分,分别为自源类色氨酸C1（λ_Ex/λ_Em=235（290） nm/349 nm）、陆源类腐殖质C2（λ_Ex/λ_Em=250（315） nm/403 nm）、类色氨酸和酪氨酸的混合物C3（λ_Ex/λ_Em=230（275） nm/319 nm）和UVA类腐殖质C4（λ_Ex/λ_Em=240（350） nm/459 nm）.相关性分析表明各个组分之间具有同源性,荧光组分与氮类营养盐和叶绿素a （Chl a）存在显著相关性,说明DOM与氮营养盐迁移转化、藻类活动有关.景观河道DOM中类蛋白类物质含量最多,类蛋白类物质的总荧光强度比例为66.36%~76.84%,类腐殖质荧光强度比例为23.15%~34.74%.在4种污染类型水体中,组分C1和C4含量没有明显差距,组分C2和C3含量差距较大,有机主导型水体中C2含量最大,无机主导型水体C3含量最大.同时分析了水体中DOM的荧光指标和吸收光谱指标,发现各种表观污染类型水体中荧光指数FI、自生源指数BIX均较大,且腐殖化指数HIX小于3.5,腐殖化程度弱,主要为内源;有机主导型水体中吸收系数a₂₅₄最大,芳香性最强.各种类型水体中吸收系数比值E2/E3均小于3.5,E2/E4较大,光谱斜率比值S_R大于1,DOM相对分子量较小,河道水体DOM的来源中内源贡献较大.     

辽河保护区水体溶解性有机质空间分布与来源解析

以辽河保护区水体为研究对象,使用三维荧光光谱技术（EEMs）结合平行因子模型（PARAFAC）探究辽河保护区水体溶解性有机质（DOM）的组成成分、主要来源及DOM的空间分布特征.同时,结合水体理化性质指标,运用统计学分析方法研究影响DOM的主要因素.结果表明,辽河保护区表层水中DOM含有3种荧光组分,分别为陆源及海洋源类腐殖C1（λ_Ex/λ_Em=245,315 nm/415 nm）、类富里酸C2（λ_Ex/λ_Em=260,355 nm/470 nm）及类色氨酸C3（λ_Ex/λ_Em=225,280 nm/340 nm）.辽河保护区DOM以类腐殖质物质C1与C2为主要成分（占总组分荧光强度的78%）,以类蛋白质组分C3为次要组分（占总组分荧光强度的22%）.从组分及空间分布上看,DOM类腐殖质组分总荧光强度表现为上游>下游>中游,类蛋白质组分的荧光强度则表现为中游>下游>上游,与周边环境因素及人为扰动因素具有密切关系.DOM来源受内源释放和外源输入共同影响,具有自生源特征和腐殖化特征.通过相关性分析可知,C1、C2与DOC呈显著正相关关系;C3与TP呈正相关关系,与TN呈负相关关系.     

夏季巢湖入湖河流溶解性有机质来源及其空间变化

使用紫外-可见光吸收光谱（UV-vis）和三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法（EEM-PARAFAC）,分析了2019年夏季巢湖流域丰乐河、杭埠河、岐阳河、兆河和南淝河水体溶解性有机质（dissolved organic matter,DOM）的来源及其空间变化.结果表明,南淝河DOM吸收特征参数SUVA₂₅₄显著低于其它河流,而光谱斜率比S_R显著高于杭埠河,表明城市污染物径流排入降低了南淝河水体DOM的芳香性,但对其分子量影响较低.南淝河DOM荧光指数（FI）和生物源指数（BIX）大于其它河流,而腐殖化指数（HIX）低于其它河流,指示其DOM自生源高于其它河流.使用EEM-PARAFAC从河流DOM中提取出4种类腐殖质组分（C1~C4）和2种内源类蛋白荧光组分（C5、C6）,其中,类腐殖质组分包括陆源有机质（C1、C3和C4）和微生物降解产物（C2）.沿河流方向,5条河流河水溶解性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon,DOC）、 a（355）和DOM荧光组分呈不同的空间变化特征,其中丰乐河、杭埠河、岐阳河和兆河DOM受农田土壤径流输入影响明显,而南淝河DOM主要受城市污染物径流和污水处理厂出水影响.     

喀斯特地区端元样品中溶解有机质的多维特征与源辨析研究

由于喀斯特地区水生生态系统中碳循环的复杂性,给溶解有机质（Dissolved organic matter,DOM）的来源解析带来了巨大的挑战和困难.本研究应用C/N比值、δ¹³C组成、紫外-可见吸收光谱与三维荧光光谱等表征技术,综合对比了西南喀斯特地区典型土壤与水生植物样品DOM的多维特征,探讨了示踪喀斯特地区DOM来源的可靠方法与指标.结果表明：水生植物的C/N比值波动范围较大,石灰土的C/N比值偏低,水生植物与土壤样品的C/N比值及δ¹³C组成有所重叠,难以区分DOM的来源.多种紫外吸收系数（a₂₅₄、a₂₈₀、a₃₀₀与a₃₅₀）侧面反映了不同DOM样品中芳香族化合物的相对丰度,SUVA₂₅₄、E2/E3、E4/E6与腐殖化指数（HIX、HIX_ohno）指示了样品之间腐殖化程度的差异,特别是HIX、荧光指数（FI）、S_R较好区分了浮游藻类与土壤DOM.修正荧光指数（YFI）还揭示了不同DOM样品的化学组成,与三维荧光光谱的平行因子分析相吻合.此外,黄壤因较低的pH值会使土壤有机质酸解为含氮组分,导致HIX、FI和S_R的匹配性不好.除浮游藻类外,HIX表明水生植物DOM均为内源,S_R却显示其主要为外源,而FI指示兼有内源和外源.因此,在进行喀斯特地区DOM来源解析时,光谱技术相比C/N比值和δ¹³C分析更加简便、有效,同时应注意不同土壤类型的异质性与水生生态系统的复杂性.     

太湖水华前表层水CDOM的光谱特征与来源解析

有色溶解性有机质（CDOM）是水生态系统中营养盐生物地球化学循环的重要环节,为探究太湖水华前表层水中CDOM的组分特征与来源,采用紫外-可见光谱与激发发射矩阵荧光光谱-平行因子分析（EEM-PARAFAC）技术对表层水中的CDOM组分进行了解析,结合CDOM光学参数（a₃₅₅、SUVA₂₅₄、a₂₅₀/a₃₆₅、FI、BIX和HIX）辨识其空间差异与污染来源,并与太湖CDOM组分历史数据进行了初步对比.结果表明,a₃₅₅、SUVA₂₅₄和a₂₅₀/a₃₆₅显示太湖东部表层水CDOM呈现高浓度、高芳香性和低相对分子量的特征,而北部与之相反.平行因子分析法从CDOM中分离出4个组分,类酪氨酸（C1）、两种类色氨酸（C2、C4）和类富里酸（C3）,且主要组分C1与C2和C3组分具有较强的线性关系,不同组分来自相似污染源,荧光指数显示,太湖CDOM不同区域间受内源与陆源输入影响存在差异,但整体腐殖化程度较低.这表明太湖CDOM组分以类蛋白（C1、C2和C4）为主（>85%）且以自生源为主,可生化利用性好.     

水钠锰矿的锰氧化度与Pb2+吸附量的关系

研究水钠锰矿对重金属离子的吸附,其结构中八面体空穴特点与重金属离子吸附的关系是人们关注的热点.采用酸性和碱性2种介质条件合成了具有不同锰氧化度的2个系列水钠锰矿,研究了它们的锰氧化度(average oxidation state of Mn, AOS)与其d₁₁₀面网间距和Pb²⁺的最大吸附量的关系,以及Pb²⁺吸附量与Mn²⁺、H⁺和K⁺释放量的关系.结果表明,同系列的水钠锰矿具有相似的晶体形貌,它们的锰氧化度与其d₁₁₀面网间距呈极显著的负相关(r =-0.903 5<-0.661 4,n=14,α=0.01),而与Pb²⁺的最大吸附量呈极显著的正相关(r=0.977 9>0.661 4,n=14,α=0.01),供试水钠锰矿锰氧化度的高低表观上反映了结构中八面体空穴数量的多少,水钠锰矿随着锰氧化度的提高,导致其结构中的八面体空穴数增多,对Pb²⁺的吸附容量增大,八面体空穴数量对Pb²⁺的吸附量的大小起着非常重要的作用.Pb²⁺的吸附量与吸附过程中Mn²⁺、H⁺和K⁺的释放量之和呈极显著的正相关(r = 0.996 2 > 0.661 4,n = 14,α = 0.01),Pb²⁺吸附过程中伴随的Mn²⁺、H⁺和K⁺的释放主要来自于水钠锰矿结构中八面体空穴处吸附的相应阳离子.吸附前Mn²⁺,Mn³⁺与H⁺、K⁺占据水钠锰矿结构中八面体空穴上下方位点的相对多少受水钠锰矿的锰氧化度高低的影响,锰氧化度低时,八面体空穴上下方位点吸附Mn²⁺、Mn³⁺较多,吸附的H⁺、K⁺则较少,反之亦然.     

水相和冰相中不同pH条件下溶解性有机质对苊光降解的影响

以Suwannee River NOM（SRNOM）和Upper Mississippi River NOM（UMRNOM）两种水源溶解性有机质（DOM）为代表,利用500W高压氙灯作为光源模拟太阳光,进行室内光解实验.考察了冻融前后两种DOM在不同pH条件下的光谱特性参数及其与苊的结合常数（K_DOC）,同时通过苊的表观光解速率常数（K_OBS）研究冰相与水相中不同pH条件下DOM对苊的光解影响,并进行了相关性分析.结果表明,无论在冰相还是水相中,苊都可以直接进行光降解,同时两种DOM均能促进苊的光解.在水相中,随着pH的升高,两种DOM的SUVA₂₅₄、E₂/E₃、a₂₅₄、a₃₅₀与苊的K_OBS均有上升,而K_DOC则呈现下降趋势.同时K_OBS与K_DOC、a₃₅₀及SUVA₂₅₄均具有显著相关性.而冰相中,K_OBS和K_DOC随pH的变化趋势与水相一致,但SUVA₂₅₄、E₂/E₃、a₂₅₄、a₃₅₀没有明显变化趋势.K_OBS和K_DOC相比于水相也有明显下降.此外.冰相中的K_OBS仅与K_DOC存在显著相关,而与其他参数均无相关性,这也说明冰中的光化学反应可能具有更加复杂的机制.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.