加拿大制浆造纸废水厌氧处理的进展

1960～980年间,加拿大用于清除制浆造纸工业污染的经费约达6.6亿美元。采取这些措施后,到1980年加拿大72％的制浆造纸厂达到了国家控制废水BOD排放的规定。进一步改进达标状况的措施之一是对许多新制浆厂的高浓度废水采用厌氧处理技术。但需首先要了解制浆造纸工业在采用厌氧技术以前,在几方面的数据(表1)。 1.制浆造纸废水的适应性、生化可降解性及毒性     

造纸废水的毒性研究

造纸工业是世界上六大污染工业之一.在纸浆漂白操作中相继使用氯、次氯酸盐、二氧化氯等漂白剂降解木素,排水中含大量的有机氯化物,具有很大的毒性.在硫酸盐法和亚硫酸盐法制浆造纸废水中含有较高的硫化物.该类废水在厌氧生物处理过程中,由于硫酸盐还原茵的作用,会产生大量的H2S.     

国外制浆造纸工业废液生物处理的研究进展

本文综述了厌氧处理制浆造纸工业废液的进展，介绍了制浆造纸废液的特点，讨论了制浆造纸废液对厌氧处理的潜在适应性。最后，对制浆造纸工业废液的厌氧处理和好氧处理作了比较。     

造纸废水的毒性研究

造纸工业是世界上六大污染工业之一。在纸浆漂白操作中相继使用氯、次氯酸盐、二氧化氯等漂白剂降解木素,排水中含大量的有机氯化物,具有很大的毒性。在硫酸盐法和亚硫酸盐法制浆造纸废水中含有较高的硫化物。该类废水在厌氧生物处理过程中,由于硫酸盐还原菌的作用,会产生大量的H2S。     

锅炉、造纸业污染治理

链接黑板报就是老虎的﹃老虎灶﹄“超短周期木本无污染造纸法”技术是应用1～2年生的杨树原料,生产出高质量的新闻纸、胶印书刊纸、铜版原纸等中高档用纸,而且无污染。权威部门提供的检测资料表明,应用此法造纸,较之传统工艺,碱化物用量仅为3%,溶于水的不及2%;工序中的过氧化氢属于无氯漂白,排出的造纸废水pH值为6到7.9,属于中性,可用于土地灌溉,经厌氧和好氧处理后,可直接排入江河;使用该技术每吨纸用水仅需30立方米,为国家标准的1/10。造纸产生的“黑液”是造纸制浆业中长期存在的问题。“封闭式循环水解制浆法”技术克服了传统制浆工艺…     

烧碱-AQ法麦草制浆造纸废水治理的研究

烧碱-AQ法制浆造纸废水的治理一直是困扰制浆造纸企业的一大难题.江苏新大纸业有限公司利用物化+生化的技术使制浆造纸综合废水得到了很好的解决,并在工业生产中得到实践应用,经过1年多的运行,各项技术指标都达到了设计要求,研究表明这项新技术是一项运行稳定、操作简便、实用可靠的新技术.     

制浆造纸废水生物强化技术研究进展

制浆造纸废水是国内外公认的难处理的工业废水之一,文章介绍了生物强化技术在制浆造纸废水中的应用现状,在分析中,主要从生物强化技术、固定化微生物技术和环境生物制剂等方面,总结了制剂造纸废水生物强化技术的研究进展,并讨论了今后的研究方向。     

实行清洁生产，改善再生造纸行业环境状况

1　造纸行业现状造纸行业 ,特别是以稻草、芦苇和木材等为生产原料的化学制浆造纸企业一直是辽宁省环境保护工作的重点。随着在全省范围内关闭 2万吨以下制浆造纸企业工作的结束 ,再生纸造纸企业的污染问题越来越显得突出 ,群众反映和投诉呈上升趋势。因此 ,对于这部分再生纸造纸企业的环境监督管理工作将是下一步工作的重点。目前 ,全省共有造纸企业 2 75家 ,其中化学制浆造纸企业 45家 ,制浆能力81 43t/a ;2 75家造纸企业纸产量 1 380 8 88t、产值2 5 4 1 1 2万元、利税 2 371 6 4万元、排放废水71 2 3 95t、COD排放量 1 0 5 0 1 9 72…     

酸性脱色剂用于化学制浆造纸废水六价铬的测定

１酸性脱色方法试验１１酸性脱色剂脱色原理化学制浆造纸废水的ｐＨ值一般在８－１２，在酸性条件下进行该类废水的脱色，其基本原理仍采用沉淀脱色法。１２脱色试验方法取３５０ｍｌ色度为稀释７００倍的化学制浆造纸废水于４００ｍｌ烧杯中，加入１ｍｌ酸性脱色沉淀...     

我国小型制浆造纸企业水污染防治问题刍议

本文讨论了我国制浆造纸行业的水污染现状。提出了对小型制浆造纸厂水污染防治要因地制宜、区别对待,开发碱回收及各种综合利用技术,特别要加强废水治理实用技术的研究,在政策上对集中制浆实行优惠。建议对纸产品征收污染补偿费,专用于造纸废水治理;允许小型制造浆纸厂的废水分阶段逐步达到国家排放标准。     

硫酸盐木浆厂蒸发冷凝水的厌氧处理试验研究

硫酸盐木浆厂排出的蒸发冷凝水具有高温、高浓度、营养物质含量低等特点,并含有一定浓度的挥发性恶臭硫化合物.本研究采用空气吹脱-UASB流程处理此类废水.结果表明,70%～80%的挥发性有机硫化物能够在气提过程中被去除.除硫后的蒸发冷凝水在UASB反应器中能够得到有效处理,当COD容积负荷达到30 kg·(m³.d)^-1时,COD去除率仍能保持在95%左右.另一方面,试验开始时接种的颗粒污泥在反应器中破碎并逐渐被新形成的颗粒污泥代替,扫描电镜观察显示,新形成的颗粒污泥具有与接种污泥不同的微生物相.     

模拟城市污水在厌氧、缺氧以及好氧反应器中的毒性削减研究

采用发光细菌法测定城市污水毒性,并研究了模拟城市污水分别在厌氧、缺氧、好氧条件下的毒性削减情况.试验采用人工配水,其中添加了甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、吲哚、吡啶、环己酮、苯丙酸7种有毒有机物.并用GC-MS检测上述有机物在不同生物处理过程中的降解情况及出水有机物的变化情况.结果表明,模拟城市污水经厌氧生物处理后毒性增大(HRT≤10h);缺氧生物处理对模拟城市污水的毒性略有削减;而好氧生物处理对模拟城市污水的毒性削减能力较强,效果明显.     

Turning waste to wealth-biodegradable plastics polyhydroxyalkanoates from palm oil mill effluent – a Malaysian perspective

Palm oil industries have been contributing significantly towards the country’s economy and increase standard of living among Malaysians. However, it has also been identified as the major contributor for discharging the largest pollution load throughout the country. Owing to high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the palm oil mill effluent (POME) cannot be discharged directly into the environment. Thus, palm oil industries are facing tremendous challenges in order to comply with environmental regulations. While anaerobic digestion has been employed by most mills as primary treatment, POME can also be a potential source of degradable organic material which can be converted into value-added products and fine chemicals. Organic acids generated during acid-phase anaerobic digestion of POME could be a potential carbon source for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)- a biodegradable thermoplastic material of microbial origin. This paper aims at understanding how organic acids from POME may serve as a renewable feedstock for the biosynthesis of PHA.     

高硫酸盐难降解废水高温厌氧处理中限量曝气的应用及影响

由于硫酸盐还原的影响,普通高温UASB反应器处理亚硫酸盐纸浆厂排出的高硫酸盐难降解废水过程中甲烷菌活性受到了严重抑制.考虑到空气对硫化氢的吹脱和对硫化物的氧化作用可能减轻硫化物对甲烷菌的抑制,本研究在厌氧反应器中引入限量曝气措施.试验结果表明,反应器的运行稳定性和处理能力均得到大幅提高.在有机负荷提高到原来2倍的情况下,曝气后COD去除率仍有提高,从40%～50%提高到60%～70%.试验证明部分甲烷菌可以耐氧,而某些种类的水解酸化细菌则对不完全厌氧环境比较敏感.     

Cleaner production opportunity assessment study in SEKA Balikesir pulp and paper mill

This study was designed to apply cleaner production concepts in a Turkish pulp and paper mill, for the first time in Turkey, to introduce the concept as well as to provide a framework for future initiatives. To achieve this objective a comprehensive waste reduction audit was conducted at SEKA Balikesir pulp and paper mill. First, audit schemes from different sources were examined and compiled that resulted in the methodology employed in this work. The audit covered water emissions and water usage. Then, the collected data were compared with international environmental performance indicators from other companies in the USA, Canada, Australia, and Europe. This comparison provided specific opportunities for improvement at different processes in the mill. For each viable opportunity, different waste reduction measures were analyzed and determined. Furthermore, the benefits of the identified waste reduction options were analyzed for increasing production efficiency and achieving target raw effluent pollution loads from the mill.     

Biomass-based carbon capture and utilization in kraft pulp mills

Corporate image, European Emission Trading System and Environmental Regulations, encourage pulp industry to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Kraft pulp mills produce CO₂ mainly in combustion processes. The largest sources are the recovery boiler, the biomass boiler, and the lime kiln. Due to utilizing mostly biomass-based fuels, the CO₂ is largely biogenic. Capture and storage of CO₂ (CCS) could offer pulp and paper industry the possibility to act as site for negative CO₂ emissions. In addition, captured biogenic CO₂ can be used as a raw material for bioproducts. Possibilities for CO₂ utilization include tall oil manufacturing, lignin extraction, and production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), depending on local conditions and mill-specific details. In this study, total biomass-based CO₂ capture and storage potential (BECCS) and potential to implement capture and utilization of biomass-based CO₂ (BECCU) in kraft pulp mills were estimated by analyzing the impacts of the processes on the operation of two modern reference mills, a Nordic softwood kraft pulp mill with integrated paper production and a Southern eucalyptus kraft pulp mill. CO₂ capture is energy-intensive, and thus the effects on the energy balances of the mills were estimated. When papermaking is integrated in the mill operations, energy adequacy can be a limiting factor for carbon capture implementation. Global carbon capture potential was estimated based on pulp production data. Kraft pulp mills have notable CO₂ capture potential, while the on-site utilization potential using currently available technologies is lower. The future of these processes depends on technology development, desire to reuse CO₂, and prospective changes in legislation.

     

生物—物理化学法处理制浆黑液的试验研究

采用酸中和—厌氧—好氧—生物活性炭或化学混凝综合法处理制浆黑液,探讨了酸中和处理的影响因素及厌氧处理对后段好氧处理的影响.结果表明:两种综合处理工艺对黑液中木质素及COD_(Cr)的去除有显著效果;厌氧处理比好氧处理对木质素的降解更为有利.     

UASB工艺在甘蔗渣浆纸厂堆垛蔗渣渗出液处理中的应用

利用甘蔗渣生产纸浆厂堆垛蔗渣产生的渗出液CODCr,浓度高达8000～13000mg／L,属于较难处理的高浓度有机废水。将UASB废水处理技术应用于处理清洁堆垛蔗渣产生的渗出液,不仅能够获得良好的处理效果,而且能降低废水处理成本,从而实现经济效益、环境效益和社会效益三赢。     

太湖流域有机毒物污染现状与控制对策

富营养化控制一直以来是太湖水污染防治的重中之重,但太湖流域的有机毒物污染也不容忽视,已对饮用水安全构成潜在的威胁。从分析太湖流域工业污染现状入手,提出了化工、印染为太湖流域有机毒物污染的重要来源,阐述了对太湖流域进行有机毒物污染控制的重要性,总结了太湖流域有机毒物污染控制存在的问题,在此基础上,提出了太湖流域工业污染源有机毒物控制对策建议。