Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish and shellfish downstream from electronic-waste recycling plants

We measured 39 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the muscle tissue of three species of fish (Sciaenops ocellatus, Sparus macrocephalus, and Lateolabrax japonicus) and four species of shellfish (Tegillarca granosa, Cyclina sinensis, Sinonovacula constricta, and Ostrea cucullata) that were collected downstream of electronic-waste recycling plants in Taizhou, China. A total of 24 PBDE congeners (PBDE24) in the samples were detected. The PPBDE24 (total PBDE) ranged from 545.4 to 1688.7 ng/kg ww (wet weight). The mean PPBDE24 concentration was 1382.6 ng/kg ww in fish and 858.1 ng/kg ww in shellfish. The lower brominated congeners were detected at relatively high concentrations in all species. The penta-products, produced from e-waste, were found at relatively low levels. A principal component analysis suggested a significant correlation among di-, tri-, tetra-, and hepta-BDEs for the three species of fish. Similarly, we found a significant correlation between mono- and tri-BDEs in the shellfish. Our results suggested that the processes of PBDE metabolism and elimination were similar in both fish and shellfish. In addition, the primary source of PBDEs appeared to be from the debromination of high brominated PBDEs.     

纳米零价铁降解水中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)及降解途径研究

纳米零价铁(nZVI)法是多溴联苯醚(polybrominated biphenyl ethers,PBDEs)脱溴的有效方法.其反应动力学与途径对阐明PBDEs降解机制具有重要意义.本研究采用液相还原法制备的nZVI,在含有表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)的条件下,46 h内完全降解商用八溴联苯醚(octa-BDE)混合物中高溴代物质(7~9个溴代的同系物),其降解过程符合类一级反应动力学(pseudo-first-order)方程,平均降解速率常数(k)为0.106 h-1.本研究利用数量结构保留关系(quantatitivestructure retention relationship,QSRR)模型建立了在缺乏全系标准样品的情况下PBDEs降解产物的有效分析方法.通过混标中39种PBDEs各标准物在气相色谱中的保留时间,再以BDE47和BDE183的平均保留时间归一化后得到每种标准物的相对保留时间(relative retention time,RRT),再将数据库中的相对保留时间指数(relative retention time index,RRTI)与实验测得的相对保留时间拟合,得到QSRR模型.利用该模型对octa-BDE降解产物进行定性分析,推导得出nZVI对octa-BDE的还原降解途径.结果表明,nZVI对PBDEs的逐级脱溴过程中,间位的溴原子最容易被取代.     

多溴联苯醚在电子废弃物拆卸地沉积物中的垂直分布

采用气相色谱质谱联用仪对采自清远电子废弃物拆卸地水库钻孔沉积物中的多溴联苯(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)进行了分析,调查其在沉积物中的垂直分布.结果表明,PBDEs在所有的样品中均检出,含量为0.43～141 ng/g,平均为9.26 ng/g.PBDEs在下层(16 cm以下)沉积物中含量较低、变化很小(0.43～2.30 ng/g),但在上层沉积物中含量明显增加(2.90～141 ng/g),反映了当地电子废弃物拆卸活动的影响;3种工业源的PBDEs,即五溴、八溴和十溴PBDEs,表现出相似的垂向分布趋势,说明其来源的一致性.其中,十溴PBDEs是最主要的PBDEs,平均占所有PBDEs的79.6%,其次是五溴PBDEs(14.7%),而八溴PBDEs所占比例最低(5.69%).3种PBDEs的组成模式显示,它们与相应的工业品PBDEs组成都有一定差异,可能因其降解行为不同所致.一些PBDE的同族体组成在沉积钻孔的垂直变化也进一步说明高溴代PBDE在沉积物的埋藏期间可能发生了降解,虽然还需要进一步研究证实.     

A review of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alternative brominated flame retardants in wildlife from China: Levels, trends, and bioaccumulation characteristics

Accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and unregulated disposal of waste of electric and electronic equipment (e-waste) in China have caused environmental pollution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This review summarized the levels, trends, and bioaccumulation characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other potential alternative BFRs including hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-dibromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) in wildlife from China. PBDE levels in wildlife from China were generally higher than those from other parts in Asia, and were comparable to those from Europe but were lower than those from North America. However, wildlife from the e-waste recycling sites in South China and East China contained much higher PBDEs compared to other reports around the world, suggesting the heavy contamination of PBDEs in these regions. The alternative BFRs were also detected in wildlife, revealing that the animals are exposed to these chemicals, in addition to PBDEs. Temporal trends indicated by levels in marine mammals from South China suggested that PBDE levels increased from the beginning of 1990s to 2000s, but decreased from the middle of 2000s, followed by relatively steady levels. In contrast, HBCDs were found to be continuously increasing from 1997 to 2007, indicating the increasing usage of HBCDs in China in recent years. Compared to PBDE profiles found in other parts, aquatic species and birds from China contained relatively higher contributions of BDE-28 and 209, respectively, suggesting the possible different usage pattern of PBDEs. Future works including keeping monitoring at a reasonable scale and frequency to make sure levels near urban centers indicative of population do not increase are needed. Additionally, focus effort on e-waste recycling regions to look for impacts and to determine if regulation/controls are resulting in lower environmental contamination, and incorporation of sentinel species in monitoring efforts are recommended.     

典型电子垃圾拆解区大气中多溴联苯醚的污染

分别在典型电子垃圾拆解区(E)和其上风向参考点(S)采集了大气颗粒相和气相样品.以研究该区域大气中PBDEs的浓度水平、污染特征和气/固分布特点.分析过程中运用气相色谱.质谱联用仪,负化学离子源(GC-NCI-MS)检测了11种PBDEs结果表明,电子垃圾拆解造成r比较严蘑的PBDEs污染,三溴-十溴联苯醚的浓度范围为51.1～2 685 pg.m-3,(平均值830Pg.m-3),而对照区由于制衣行业的影响也造成了一定程度的PBDEs污染,三溴～十溴联苯醚的浓度范围为1.00-98.9Pg.m-3(平均值28.7 Pg.m-3).在气/固分布的研究中发现,不同的PBDEs在气相和颗粒相的分布比例相差很大,从低溴至高溴PBDEs在气相中的比例呈降低趋势,而在颗粒相中的比例呈上升趋势.电子垃圾拆解区以五溴.联苯醚污染为主,占∑11PBDEs总量的54.3%;而十溴-联苯醚污染次之,占∑11PBDEs总最的23.8%,该污染特征进一步证实了该地区电子垃圾的来源,不仅来自亚洲国家,而且还来自欧美等国家.     

多溴联苯醚及其衍生物在土壤中的分布、转化和生物效应研究进展

多溴联苯醚（polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs）作为一种良好的溴系阻燃剂被大量地添加到工业产品中,随着产品的使用、回收和废弃处理会进入各种环境介质中,是一类分布十分广泛的持久性有机污染物.PBDEs的衍生物羟基化多溴联苯醚（hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers,OH-PBDEs）和甲氧基化多溴联苯醚（methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers,MeO-PBDEs）,由于具有比母体化合物更大的毒性效应和更复杂的环境行为也受到人们广泛关注.通过对PBDEs及其衍生物在土壤中的分布特征、转化规律及生物效应研究的最新进展进行综述发现,PBDEs在土壤中的分布浓度随离工业区距离增加而减小,且大多数污染地区土壤中以高溴代PBDEs为主,偏远地区土壤中则以低溴代PBDEs为主.进入土壤的PBDEs在动物、植物体内及微生物作用下均可发生脱溴代谢转化产生低溴代PBDEs,也可发生羟基化生成OH-PBDEs和甲氧基化生成MeO-PBDEs,与此同时,OH-PBDEs和MeO-PBDEs之间也会发生相互转化.PBDEs及其衍生物作为一种环境内分泌的干扰物对大部分的植物、动物都有显著的毒性效应,对植物而言能够抑制植物种子萌发、幼苗生长、损伤细胞结构以及影响植物代谢活动等;对动物而言能够影响动物的内分泌功能、妨碍动物生殖系统的发育以及对神经系统产生毒性等.目前,关于PBDEs及其衍生物在土壤生态系统中环境化学行为和生态毒性的报道十分有限,探讨土壤中PBDEs的代谢转化过程和毒性效应可为全面深刻地认识PBDEs的环境行为和潜在生态风险提供科学参考.      

Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and decabromodiphenylethane in surface sediments from Fuhe River and Baiyangdian Lake, North China

Nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river (Fuhe River) in North China were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE). The concentrations of PBDEs and DBDPE in sediments ranged from 5.5 to 300.7 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 1.1 to 68.2 ng/g dw, respectively. Their levels in sediments in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake. Compared to data from other regions, the PBDE levels in surface sediments from Baiyangdian Lake and Fuhe River were in the medium to lower range. Among the PBDE congeners, BDE209 was predominant, with contributions to the total PBDEs ranging from 79.4% to 97.3% in sediment samples. For the lowly brominated congeners (tri- to hepta-BDE), BDE47 and BDE99 were the most abundant, which contributed 52.1% and 44.1% to the sum of tri- to hepta-BDEs in the sediments from Baiyangdian Lake and Fuhe River, respectively. The compositional patterns of PBDEs in Baiyangdian Lake sediments indicated that technical deca-BDE mixture was the major pollutant sources with a minor contribution of penta-BDE mixture. The present study suggested that the importance of Fuhe River as a possibly potential sources of PBDEs contamination in Baiyangdian Lake.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil from three typical industrial areas in Beijing, China

Areas containing industrial facilities belonging to three different typical industries that may cause pollution by polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） in Beijing, China were investigated. Specifically, the areas contained a solid waste incineration plant, a chemical factory, and a heat and power plant. Investigation of the pollution status of PBDEs in the surface soil from areas around these industries revealed the highest concentration of 42 PBDE congeners （118 ng/g, dry mass） at the solid waste incineration plant. In the other two plants, the highest concentrations were both 26 ng/g （dry mass）. Among the PBDE homologues, the PBDE contamination at all sites showed similar congener compositions, with BDE 209 being the dominant congener. Our findings established the first contamination status of three typical industrial areas in Beijing. Furthermore, the total concentrations of 42 PBDE congeners tended to decrease as the distance from the investigated plants increased. Overall, these plants were identified as potential pollution sources of PBDEs in Beijing. Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the major PBDE source in Beijing may be associated with the technical deca-BDE and penta-BDE mixture. Based on the data obtained in this preliminary investigation, further study of the potential of these sources to emit PBDEs in Beijing is warranted.     

Levels and distribution of brominated flame retardants in the soil of Harbin in China

This study reports the presence of brominated flame retardants in the topsoil in and around Harbin, a city in northeastern China. Samples of soil were collected from 17 locations in 2006, and the levels of 9 polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs 17, 28, 47, 66, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183) ranged from 2.45 to 55.9 pg/g dry weight (dw) with a mean of 26.3 pg/g dw. These levels are very low comparing with those for some cities in Europe and USA. BDE 209 and hexabromocyclododecane were the two dominant congeners, with mean concentrations of 520 pg/g dw and 1750 pg/g dw, respectively. The concentrations of the total nine PBDE congeners clearly decreased from urban areas to background, but the compositions of individual congeners di ered. Proportions of heavier congeners decreased while those of lighter congeners increased, along urban-rural-background transect, providing evidence for an urban fractionation e ect. Correlation analysis indicated similar sources for PBDEs, hexabromocyclododecane, and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane from urban areas but pentabromoethylbenzene was probably present due to long-range atmospheric transport. Principal component analysis was used to determine the characteristics of the relationships among these brominated flame retardants in the field.     

经口摄入土壤多溴联苯醚生物可给性变化及影响因素的体外消化模拟

误食土壤是污染物(如多溴联苯醚)人体(主要是儿童)暴露的重要途径,人体消化道内污染物吸收的生物可给性是针对此种暴露方式进行定量风险评估的有效途径之一.本研究采用体外消化实验模拟3种不同有机碳含量的天然土壤中典型多溴联苯醚(BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99和BDE-153)在胃和小肠消化液中的释放,验证部分消化释放的多溴联苯醚因消化残留固相表面的再吸附造成低估实际生物可给性,并通过不同水土比的拟合计算予以校正.结果表明,校正后的消化率普遍高于校正前;就不同土样而言,BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99和BDE-153在不同初始暴露浓度条件下平均提升比例范围分别为14.3%~42.3%、11.1%~32.1%、4.9%~12.3%和0.0%~7.7%.因此,未经校正的消化率会显著低估PBDEs消化道内的生物可给性,尤其是低溴代组分及PBDEs初始浓度较高或高TOC含量的土样.校正后BDE-28、BDE-47、BDE-99和BDE-153的消化率分别维持在21.9%~54.7%、18.8%~43.1%、13.4%~27.2%和9.3%~19.9%.此外,PBDEs的消化率与其辛醇-水分配系数的对数lg KOW呈显著负相关;而与土壤TOC含量及PBDEs初始暴露浓度的相关性并不显著,尤其是高溴代组分.     

Advanced treatment of dyeing wastewater towards reuse by the combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor process

The performance of combined Fenton oxidation and membrane bioreactor (MBR) process for the advanced treatment of an effluent from an integrated dyeing wastewater treatment plant was evaluated. The experimental results revealed that under the optimum Fenton oxidation conditions (initial pH 5, H 2 O 2 dosage 17 mmol/L, and Fe 2+ 1.7 mmol/L) the average total organic carbon (TOC) and color removal ratios were 39.3% and 69.5% after 35 min of reaction, respectively. Results from Zahn-Wallens Test also represented that Fenton process was effective to enhance the biodegradability of the test wastewater. As for the further purification of MBR process, TOC removal capacity was examined at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 10, 18 and 25 hr. Under the optimum HRT of 18 hr, the average TOC concentration and color of the final MBR effluent were 16.8 mg/L and 2 dilution time, respectively. The sludge yield coefficient was 0.13 g MLSS/g TOC and TOC degradation rate was 0.078 kg TOC/(m 3 ·day). The final effluent of MBR can meet the reuse criteria of urban recycling water-water quality standard for miscellaneous water consumption GBT18920-2002.     

Alterations of endogenous metabolites in urine of rats exposed to decabromodiphenyl ether using metabonomic approaches

There is large usage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） especially for decabromodiphenyl ether （BDE-209, Deca-BDE） in controlling the risks of fire. The toxicological effects of PBDEs are worth being concerned about. Female SD rats were daily gavaged with BDE-209 ether at the dose of 100 mg/kg for 20 days. Histological observation was performed for the screening of the target organs for BDE-209 exposure. The distribution and metabolism of PBDEs in the exposed main organs were evidenced by HRGC-HRMS. Alterations of the endogenous metabolite concentrations in urine were investigated using metabonomic approaches based on IH NMR spectrum. Histopathological changes including serious edema in kidney, hepatocellular spotty necrosis and perivasculitis in liver indicated that BDE-209 caused potential influences on endogenous metabolism in the exposed liver and the kidney. BDE-209 was found to be highly accumulated in lipid, ovary, kidney and liver after 20 days＇ exposure. Occurrence of other lower brominated PBDEs in the rats demonstrated that reductive debromination process happened in vivo. Hydroxylated and methoxylated-BDEs, as metabolism products, were also detected in the rat tissues. A total of 12 different endogenous metabolites showed obvious alterations in urine from the exposed rats, indicating the disturbance of the corresponding internal biochemical processes induced by BDE-209 exposure. These findings in vivo suggested the potential health risk might be of concern due to the toxicological effects of BDE-209 as a ubiquitous compound in the environment.     

渤海湾天津近岸典型海域PBDEs污染状况及分布规律研究

本文利用气相色谱质谱联用法开展了天津近岸典型海域水体、沉积物和生物体等不同介质中PBDEs含量分析,给出了天津近岸典型海域不同介质中PBDEs的污染状况以及各种同系物的分布情况,初步探讨了天津近岸海域新兴持久污染物PBDEs污染状况及污染风险。结果显示,（1）水体中PBDEs的含量相对较高,为（43.8~93.3）ng/L,平均含量为59.4 ng/L,沉积物中PBDEs的含量为（15.9~37.9）×10-9（干重）,平均含量为22.8×10-9（干重）,而生物体内的PBDEs含量为（6.19~34.8）×10-9（干重）,平均含量为19.4×10-9（干重）。（2）三种海洋生物中海洋贝类对PBDEs具有最强的富集能力而海洋鱼类最弱。生物样品中监测到低溴代同系物为主要组分,而环境介质中以高溴代（主要为BDE-209）为主。（3）与我国其他地区相比,海水中PBDE的浓度较珠江入海口稍高,沉积物和生物体中浓度处于同一水平。海水样品中BDE-209占主要成分,而沉积物和生物体内低溴代联苯醚占主要成分。天津离岸海域PBDEs污染状况究竟如何以及类似持久性污染物的污染状况以及可能对人类造成的危害程度等研究都有待于进一步加强。     

水泥窑热工条件下十溴二苯醚的热分解规律

基于水泥窑热工条件参数,结合响应曲面设计基本原理,开展了十溴二苯醚(BDE-209)热分解规律及影响因素研究,并分析了BDE-209的脱溴路径。结果表明:烟气中多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)含量随着溴取代数降低而降低;不同PBDEs单体受不同因素影响明显,烟气中BDE-209浓度主要受样品中原始浓度和温度的影响,九溴二苯醚和八溴二苯醚浓度主要受温度和氧气交互作用的影响;结合文献研究与本实验结果推测BDE-209在水泥窑热工条件下的最主要的两条降解路径,生成九溴二苯醚的最主要路径是由BDE-209 脱去一个溴生成BDE-207;生成八溴二苯醚的最主要路径是由BDE-209 脱去一个溴生成BDE-206,再由BDE-206脱去一个溴再生成BDE-203。明确BDE-209的热分解规律及影响因素,能够为水泥窑热工条件下处置含PBDEs废物提供理论支撑。     

垃圾焚烧发电厂周边土壤多溴联苯醚污染特征及来源解析

为了分析市政垃圾焚烧发电厂PBDEs(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,多溴联苯醚)排放对周边环境的影响,于2012年8—9月,在哈尔滨2座市政垃圾焚烧发电厂周边共采集20个表层(0~10 cm)土壤样品,分析土壤中PBDEs的污染特征及其来源. 结果表明:垃圾焚烧发电厂周边土壤中w(∑₁₂PBDEs)(12种PBDEs的质量分数之和)为5.32~169 ng/g(以干质量计,下同),平均值为62.9 ng/g;PBDEs的主要组分为BDE-209,w(BDE-209)为5.18~169 ng/g,占w(∑₁₂PBDEs)的95%以上;w(∑₁₂PBDEs)显著高于2006年哈尔滨市区污染土壤值,二者相差1~2个数量级. 由于垃圾处理年限和处理量差异较大,垃圾焚烧发电厂A周边土壤中w(PBDEs)显著高于垃圾焚烧发电厂B. 与国内其他用地类型污染土壤相比,垃圾焚烧发电厂周边土壤中PBDEs处于中度污染水平. 主成分分析结果显示,PBDEs主要来源于商用十溴联苯醚及其降解物和商用五溴联苯醚.      

优化热脱附技术对十溴联苯醚污染土壤的适用性及修复效果

为了探索绿色、高效、环保的修复PBDEs污染土壤的技术,在热脱附技术基础上将木炭同时作为尾气吸附剂和燃烧热源,处理不同十溴联苯醚污染水平的PBDEs(多溴联苯醚)污染土壤,通过14种不同溴代PBDEs同系物分析十溴联苯醚的降解产物组分并计算其去除率. 结果表明:在热脱附技术处理后,十溴联苯醚初始污染水平分别为500、800和1 000 μg/kg,污染土壤中PBDEs的去除率分别为63%、81%、94%. 14种不同溴代PBDEs同系物在热脱附反应后的残留产物中均有检出,其中热脱附处理后的土壤中以三溴和四溴PBDEs产物占优势,而尾气中则以四溴和五溴PBDEs产物为主. 根据热脱附试验前后土壤中PBDEs的结构组成对比及分析可知,降解和脱溴反应在整个热脱附反应过程中发挥了重要作用. 另外,XAD树脂吸附柱中虽有少量的氯代和溴代二英类物质(PCDD/Fs和PBDD/Fs)被检出,但其毒性当量浓度均小于0.1 ng/m3,符合欧盟、日本及我国所规定的二英物质排放标准. 研究显示,在利用优化的热脱附技术修复十溴联苯醚污染土壤过程中,PBDEs的去除率与污染土壤中其污染水平相关,并且热脱附过程以降解及逐级脱溴反应为主.      

昆明市大气总悬浮颗粒物和PM2.5上多溴联苯醚的分布特征和潜在风险

为探究PBDEs（多溴联苯醚）在昆明大气中的环境行为,于2014年3月对昆明8个采样点大气TSP（总悬浮颗粒物）和PM_2.5样本进行了收集并利用GC-MS技术对其上附着的PBDEs的13种同系物进行了测定,进而对TSP和PM_2.5上PBDEs的分布特征和潜在风险进行了分析.结果表明:附着在TSP上的∑PBDE浓度（多溴联苯醚的总质量浓度）的范围为21.10~175.00 pg/m3.而附着在PM_2.5上的∑PBDE浓度范围为17.50~149.00 pg/m3,约占TSP中∑PBDE浓度的35.31%~85.14%,并且高溴化的同系物（BDE-138~BDE-209）比低溴化的同系物（BDE-17~BDE-99）更容易附着在PM_2.5上,约占∑PBDE浓度的8.50%~61.60%.对大气颗粒物中PBDEs的潜在影响和空气吸入暴露剂量评估结果表明,成人和儿童对PBDEs的DED_air（呼吸日暴露量）分别在5.28~43.75和6.90~57.23 pg/（kg·d）之间,TDI（每日总摄入量）分别在114.78~951.09和150.00~1 244.13 pg/（kg·d）之间,远低于最低无害水平[1 mg/（kg·d）].BDE-99的TDI分别为11.09~72.39和14.35~94.57 pg/（kg·d）,均低于最低摄入水平[260 pg/（kg·d）].研究显示,昆明市大气TSP和PM_2.5上的PBDEs对人体不存在健康风险.      

多溴联苯醚在桂花鱼体内的分布

使用 GC-MS-NCI检测方法对持久性有机污染物多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的同系物BDE28,47,66,85,99,100,138,153,154,183,209 在桂花鱼体内的含量及分布进行了研究．结果表明,Σ₁₀ PBDEs（不包括BDE209）在肾脏中含量最高,肌肉中含量最低,其干重平均值分别为5.71 ng·g^-1 和0.95 ng·g^-1．Σ₁₀ PBDEs在肾脏、鱼鳔、肝脏、鱼鳃、生殖腺、鱼皮、肠胃和肌肉中的干重含量分别为3.04～12.8、0.81～6.90、1.28～8.87、0.09～6.36、1.05～5.73、0.022～5.06、0.69～5.98和0.14～2.61 ng·g^-1．Σ₁₀ PBDEs在各组织和器官的含量顺序为: 肾脏、鱼鳔、肝脏> 鱼鳃、生殖腺> 肠胃、肌肉、鱼皮．桂花鱼体所含低溴取代 PBDEs 以 BDE47 为主要同系物,所占丰度为35.7%～65.6%．十溴取代物 BDE209 在所有样品中检出率为 45.2%,其中在肾脏和生殖腺中含量较高．研究表明,PBDEs 由摄食、呼吸2种主要途径进入桂花鱼体内,易富集在肝脏、鱼鳔、鱼鳃等脂肪含量较高的组织和器官中．     

土壤添加亚砷酸钠对大豆生长和植株氮、磷、钾含量的影响

利用土壤盆栽实验,研究了0、5、10、30、50、100mg·kg^-1的土壤加砷水平对大豆生长和氮、磷、钾养分含量的影响.结果表明,当土壤加砷水平达到50mg·kg^-1时,大豆出现中毒症状,叶片皱缩,叶色变暗,叶缘焦枯,植株矮化,成熟延迟.大豆株高随加砷水平的提高而降低,并呈极显著的负指数相关关系.土壤加砷达到10...     

能源植物修复土壤镉污染过程中细菌群落分析

选取油脂类能源植物大豆和碳水化合物类能源植物玉米,采用高通量测序方法研究大豆、玉米修复Cd污染土壤过程中根际土壤细菌群落组成.结果表明,100 mg·kg-1Cd的添加会抑制玉米、大豆生长,其中,大豆生物量降低比玉米高.不同组织中根部Cd积累量最高,转移系数TF分别为0.56(玉米)和0.14(大豆).基于Mi Seq的群落分析表明,大豆、玉米根际土壤细菌主要包括Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Acidobacteria(酸杆菌门)、Gemmatimonadetes(芽单胞菌门)、Actinobacteria(放线菌门)、Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)等33个门.细菌群落的PCo A和UPGMA分析表明,Cd的添加和能源植物种植均能对细菌群落结构产生影响,其中,Cd的添加影响最大.Gemmatimonas、Flavisolibacter、Flexibacter、Ramlibacter、Ohtaekwangia、Flavitalea等细菌在Cd胁迫条件或大豆、玉米种植条件下相对丰度有所变化,分析其可能在大豆、玉米耐受Cd污染中起作用.