Investigation of UV-TiO2 photocatalysis and its mechanism in Bacillus subtilis spore inactivation

The inactivation levels of Bacillus subtilis spores for various disinfection processes （ultraviolet （UV）, TiO2 and UV-TiO2） were compared. The results showed that the inactivation effect of B. subtilis spores by UV treatment alone was far below that for bacteria without endospores. TiO2 alone in the dark, as a control experiment, exhibited almost no inactivation effect. Compared with UV treatment alone, the inactivation effect increased significantly with the addition of TiO2. Increases of the UV irradiance and Ti02 concentration both contributed to the increase of the inactivation effect. Lipid peroxidation was found to be the underlying mechanism of inactivation. Malondialdehyde （MDA）, the degradation product of lipid peroxidation, was used as an index to determine the extent of the reaction. The MDA concentration surged surprisingly to 3.24 nmol/mg dry cell with the combination disinfection for 600 see （0.10 mW/cm2 irradiance and 10 mg/L TiO2）. In contrast, for UV alone or TiO2 in the dark, the MDA concentration was 0.38 and 0.25 nmol/mg dry cell, respectively, under the same conditions. This indicated that both UV and TiO2 were essential for lipid peroxidation. Changes in cell ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell membrane was heavily damaged and cellular contents were completely lysed with the UV-TiO2 process, suggesting that lipid peroxidation was the root of the enhancement in inactivation efficiency.     

太阳辐射减弱对灌浆期冬小麦光合特性及膜脂过氧化水平的影响

以扬麦13为供试材料,通过大田试验方法研究了太阳辐射减弱对冬小麦灌浆期光合生理特性、保护酶系统及膜脂过氧化水平的影响. 设置了5个太阳辐射减弱处理,各处理的太阳辐射强度分别为自然光照的100%(CK),60%,40%,20%和15%. 结果表明:太阳辐射减弱导致冬小麦叶片的光合生理特性发生明显变化,表现为净光合速率(P_n)减少,气孔限制值(L_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)显著降低,但胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)却逐渐上升;随着太阳辐射减弱程度的增加,冬小麦叶片的CAT(过氧化氢酶),SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)和POD(过氧化物酶)活性均显著增加,表现出较高的抗性,但MDA(丙二醛)含量及EC(电导率)降低,说明太阳辐射减弱未使作物膜系统受到明显伤害;在太阳辐射减弱条件下,冬小麦光合色素的含量增加较明显,但w(Chla)/w(Chlb)下降,对太阳辐射中偏向短波部分波段的吸收能力增强. 综上所述,在太阳辐射减弱条件下,冬小麦灌浆期通过提高保护酶系统的活性避免细胞膜系统的膜脂过氧化伤害,同时提高w(Chlb)以增强光能的利用能力. 尽管如此,由于太阳辐射能量的不足,作物的P_n仍持续下降,且主要是由非气孔因素引起.      

Ca2+浸种对酸雨伤害玉米幼苗的影响

通过砂培实验,研究了钙浸种对酸雨伤害玉米幼苗的防护效应.结果表明,酸雨胁迫下,玉米幼苗叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a/b比值下降,叶片汁液的pH值降低,SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性先升高,而在pH值2.5的酸雨胁迫下转而下降,CAT(过氧化氢酶)活性水平下降,POD(过氧化物酶)活性明显增加,脂质过氧化加剧；而在同一强度酸雨胁迫下,经CaCl     

有机硒多糖对铬致小鼠细胞DNA损伤与氧化损伤的保护作用

采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术研究了富硒金针菇中提取的硒多糖对铬致小鼠骨髓细胞DNA损伤的保护作用,进而通过考察小鼠内源性脂质过氧化的抑制作用进一步探究硒多糖的生物活性.结果表明:硒多糖在硒含量为0.0244～0.0650μg.mL-1范围内,随浓度和在小鼠体内作用时间的增加,骨髓细胞尾长和尾矩与对照组相比都有显著下降;对小鼠内源性脂质过氧化的抑制作用随浓度的升高而增强,与对照组相比有显著差异.硒多糖作为有机硒对铬致细胞DNA损伤和脂质过氧化均有保护作用,可为新型有机硒补剂的开发和有机硒在食品、药品以及预防科学领域的应用提供科学的理论依据.     

Antioxidant and modulatory role of Chlorophytum borivilianum against arsenic induced testicular impairment

Arsenic has a suppressive influence on spermatogenesis and induces impairment in male reproductive system due to oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to test the arsenic induced toxicity and protection by Chlorophytum borivilianum. The effect of sodium arsenite (4 mg/(kg body weight (bw). day)) via double distilled water without or with C. borivilianum (800 mg/(kg bw. day)) was evaluated in Swiss albino mice for 30 days. The radical scavenging activity of the aqueous C. borivilianum root extract was measured using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrayzyl) radical. Qualitative assessment of various cell types in the testis, sperm count and motility, testicular activity of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), acid and alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and serum testosterone were monitored. Arsenic treatment showed a significant increase in LPO, acid and alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, GSH and serum testosterone. Combined treatment showed significant decrease in LPO, acid and alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and elevation in sperm count, sperm motility, GSH and serum testosterone. Testicular histopathology showed that C. borivilianum had reduced degeneration of germ cell in the seminiferous tubules and loss of sperms induced by arsenic intoxication. The results thus led us to conclude that administration of C. borivilianum root extract is found to be protective against arsenic induced toxicity.     

Joint effects of Penta-BDE and heavy metals on Daphnia magna survival, its antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation

The joint toxicity of Penta-BDE (Pe-BDE) and heavy metals including cadmium and copper on Daphnia magna (D. magna) was evaluated on the basis of determining the 48 h survival, antioxidative enzyme responses, and lipid peroxidation. The response was classified as additive, greater than additive, or less than additive by comparing the measured “toxic units, TU” with one. Based on the survival of D. magna, less-than-additive interactions were found in most of mixtures treatments. This may be attributed to the different toxicity mechanism between Pe-BDE and metals. Cu and Cd played a greater role in toxicity than what Pe-BDE did. As for the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, most response was less than additive. For the glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity, most of the greater-thanadditive responses were found in the Cu plus Pe-BDE treatments, but the additive responses occurred in Cd plus Pe-BDE treatments and binary metal treatments. For lipid peroxide levels, which were measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, less-than-additive response occurred in the 50% Cd plus 50% Cu and ternary mixture treatments. Results suggested that Pe-BDE, Cd, and Cu could induce different patterns of antioxidant enzyme responses, such as antioxidant/prooxidant responses, depending on their capability to produce reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes to detoxify them.     

营养物质对铜绿微囊藻生长和藻际细菌的影响

菌-藻"体系在水生态平衡中发挥重要作用,为探明蓝藻水华时期的菌藻关系,研究了原位营养刺激后藻际微生物对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.结果表明,LB培养基可抑制铜绿微囊藻生长,抑藻率为86.49%;而乙酸钠、葡萄糖和柠檬酸钠可促进藻细胞生长,增长率均在50%以上.对LB培养基和蛋白胨刺激后的藻际细菌进行溶藻菌的筛选,共分离出6株具有强效抑藻作用的菌株,其中Bacillus sp.A1抑藻率高达97.55%.16S rRNA高通量测序表明,向铜绿微囊藻中投加营养物质均可改变藻际细菌群落结构并增加物种丰富度,添加LB培养基和蛋白胨可促使藻际细菌群落数量剧增.生理生化响应表明,藻细胞受LB培养基和蛋白胨胁迫后,活性氧（ROS）水平和丙二醛（MDA）含量激增,细胞氧化损伤严重;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性先急剧上升后下降,抗氧化酶系统受损.扫描电镜显示,LB培养基可使藻细胞逐渐萎缩,最终破碎;而藻际细菌显著增多.因此,在蓝藻水华暴发的水体进行适当的外部营养刺激可在一定程度上实现溶藻菌原位抑藻.     

Effects of a municipal effluent on the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum

The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of exposure to a pathogenic bacteria and municipal effluent in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Mussels were exposed to increasing concentrations of an ozone-treated effluent at 15°C for 7 days. A sub-group of mussels was inoculated with Vibrio anguillarum and exposed to the same conditions as above.After the exposure period, mussels were collected to assess hemocyte count and viability,immunocompetence(phagocytosis and nitrite production), oxidative stress/inflammation(cyclooxygenase and lipid peroxidation) and oxygen radical/xenobiotic scavenging activity(metallothioniens, glutathione S-transferase). The results showed that mussels exposed to municipal effluent had increased hemocyte counts, phagocytosis, nitrites, lipid peroxidation and metallothioneins. In the inoculated mussels, the same responses were observed, in addition to cyclooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase activities. Multivariate analyses revealed that(1)the response pattern changed with effluent concentration, where increased responses observed at low effluent concentrations(10%, V/V) were attenuated at higher effluent concentrations,(2)the effluent produced more pronounced changes in lipid peroxidation, metallothionein and hemocyte viability, and(3) the simultaneous presence of V. anguillarum led to more important changes in hemocyte count and viability and nitrite levels. In conclusion, the presence of V.anguillarum could alter the response of mussels to municipal effluent, which could lead to increased inflammation in mussels.     

红壤丘陵区土壤有机碳组分对土地利用方式的响应特征

土地利用方式影响土壤有机碳(SOC)及其组分,进而决定了碳库的稳定性.以林地为参照,分析我国红壤丘陵区农田(水田和旱地)SOC及其活性组分[可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)和颗粒有机碳(POC)]和惰性组分[矿物结合态有机碳(MAOC)]含量,探讨土壤有机碳组分对土地利用方式的响应特征.结果表明,与旱地和林地相比,水田SOC、 MBC、 POC和MAOC含量均为最高.DOC含量以林地显著高于旱地和水田(P0.001).SOC各组分占SOC的比例,即DOC/SOC、 MBC/SOC、 POC/SOC和MAOC/SOC范围分别为0.22%～0.93%、 1.62%～2.70%、 31.08%～40.00%和43.22%～56.82%.活性组分(MBC和POC)含量与占比趋势一致,均以水田林地旱地.MAOC含量以水田最高、旱地最低,MAOC/SOC则以旱地最高、水田最低.相关分析表明,水田、旱地和林地中MBC、 POC和MAOC分别与SOC呈极显著正相关(P0.001),而DOC与SOC及其它组分均无显著相关性(P0.05);旱地、林地中POC与MBC呈极显著正相关(P0.001);水田、旱地MAOC与MBC呈极显著正相关(P0.001);3种土地利用方式下POC与MAOC呈极显著正相关(P0.001),POC/MAOC以水田最大,旱地最低.因而,与旱地和林地相比,水田SOC的活性组分比例高、惰性组分比例低,且其活性组分POC与微生物生物量关系不紧密,而惰性组分与微生物生物量显著相关.综上,农业利用显著改变红壤丘陵区土壤有机碳及其组成,水田虽有利于SOC固持,但其不稳定性组分占比较高,可能容易因不当耕作管理而丢失.     

商品氯氰菊酯对斜生栅藻生长的影响及其生理生化效应

研究了商品氯氰菊酯对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)生长及生理生化指标的影响,以了解除虫菊酯农药对水生态系统的影响.在氯氰菊酯暴露下,藻细胞生长受到明显抑制,氯氰菊酯对斜生栅藻生长的72h半效应浓度(EC50)为2.37mg/L.藻细胞所有生理生化指标对氯氰菊酯响应迅速,12h到达最大促进或者抑制效果,48h后趋于平稳.其中12h处理,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量上升,中等浓度组的促进作用最强;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性则呈现出低浓度促进、高浓度抑制效应.氯氰菊酯能促进藻细胞膜脂氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的产生,且呈现出明显的剂量—效应关系,MDA含量可以作为监测氯氰菊酯污染的生物标记指标之一.研究结果表明,SOD活性抑制以及膜脂氧化是氯氰菊酯对斜生栅藻的重要致毒机理,但自然环境中的氯氰菊酯水平不会对淡水水体浮游藻类的生长产生抑制作用.     

外源茉莉酸对水稻幼苗根系砷积累及抗逆应答效应

砷（As）污染对作物生长有毒害作用,导致作物品质和产量降低,因此亟需采取安全有效的策略以减轻其毒害.采用水培法,通过荧光探针定位技术、差速离心技术和傅里叶红外光谱技术（FTIR）研究外源茉莉酸（JA）对水稻幼苗As积累及抗逆应答的影响.结果表明,外源添加JA使水稻地下部和地上部的As含量分别降低31.4%和51.4%,显著降低细胞壁和细胞液中的As含量.JA改变亚细胞组分中As的分布比例,使细胞壁中As的分布比例提高16.4%,细胞液中As的分布比例降低17.3%,增强细胞壁对As的固定,减少细胞液中的As含量.此外,JA提高根细胞中SOD、CAT、GSH和PEPC的水平,降低H₂ O₂和MDA含量,减轻脂质过氧化损伤,调节碳氮代谢,缓解As毒害.研究为水稻As污染防治提供了新思路.     

吸烟烟气的细胞毒性作用和茶多酚保护作用的研究

以体外培养的中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞V79为模型,用分光光度法和ESR自旋标记方法研究了吸烟烟气对细胞的损伤以及抗氧化剂茶多酚（GTP）的保护作用。结果表明,吸烟烟气能引发V79细胞膜的脂质过氧化,导致细胞死亡,使膜浅层的流动性增加,但对膜深层的动态性质没有明显改变。加入GTP后能抑制烟气引起的膜脂过氧化和膜流动性的改变以及细胞死亡,且这种抑制作用与GTP的浓度呈量效关系,而GTP本身对细胞膜浅层的流动性无明显作用,但对深层的流动性则有一定的影响。此外,还用马来酰亚胺自旋探针研究吸烟烟气对细胞膜膜蛋白巯基结合位点局部构象的影响,结果发现,随着烟气作用增强,ESR波谱的强弱固定化比值（S/W）增大,表明膜蛋白上巯基结合位点处结构变得紧密,这说明吸烟烟气改变了膜蛋白的构象,GTP本身在高浓度（＞0.1mg/mL）时也能使S/W增大,当低浓度（＜0.05mg/mL）则没有影响。当GTP浓度为0.01mg/mL时就可以抑制烟气引起的S/W的增大。     

源自腐殖土的溶解性有机质组分对棕壤和黑土吸附苯并三唑的影响

溶解性有机质(DOM)影响着有机污染物在土壤中的吸附行为.将从腐殖土中提取的DOM(DOMbulk)用XAD-8树脂和阴/阳离子交换树脂进行分级,用红外光谱、元素分析、紫外分光光度计和电位滴定的方法对DOM不同组分特征进行分析.用吸附批次实验方法研究了DOM不同组分对棕壤和黑土吸附苯并三唑(BTA)的影响.结果表明,DOMbulk中疏水酸性(HOA)、疏水中性(HON)、亲水酸性(HIA)、亲水碱性(HIB)和亲水中性(HIN)组分比例分别为61%、17%、6%、2%和14%.由于黑土有机碳(OC)含量高于棕壤,黑土对BTA和DOM组分的吸附能力均大于棕壤.相对于黑土,棕壤吸附DOM的标化分配系数Koc较高,其原因是棕壤中含有较多的对吸附DOM起重要作用的黏粒和粉砂.由于水分子占据DOM结合点位,DOM组分与BTA在溶液中结合较弱.DOMbulk中HIN在土壤上吸附最强.HIN的吸附增加了土壤吸附BTA的点位,增加点位的促进吸附作用大于HIN与BTA的竞争吸附作用,最终表现为促进吸附.疏水组分在土壤上的吸附较弱,产生的新吸附点位较少,主要通过竞争吸附作用抑制土壤对BTA的吸附.DOMbulk由78%的疏水组分构成,对土壤吸附BTA的影响与疏水组分相似.     

二氧化硫吸入对大鼠脑组织细胞的氧化损伤作用

研究了低浓度二氧化硫(SO₂ ) 对大鼠中枢神经系统毒理作用的机理,以及SO₂ (28mg/m³)吸入对大鼠脑组织细胞抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化水平的影响.结果表明,SO₂吸入可引起超氧化物歧化酶(Cu、Zn-SOD)活性降低、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性升高、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性无明显改变以及脑组织脂质过氧化水平显著升高.这些结果意味着SO2通过产生活性氧自由基引起脂质及其他生物大分子的氧化损伤,可能是低浓度SO₂毒理作用的机制之一.     

人为干扰对小兴安岭森林湿地土壤碳组分和酶活性的影响

以小兴安岭落叶林沼泽湿地为研究对象,对比研究皆伐地、火烧地和落叶松湿地土壤碳组分和酶活性.结果表明:(1)3种湿地类型土壤SOC含量表现为对照地显著高于皆伐地和火烧地(p0.05),在0~10 cm土层中皆伐地与对照地相比降低了58.38%,火烧地与对照地相比降低了61.96%.皆伐地与火烧地在不同土层的土壤中SOC含量差异不显著(p0.05);DOC含量对照地显著高于皆伐地和火烧地(p0.05).在0~10cm土层中火烧地DOC含量是皆伐地的1.99倍,两者差异不显著(p0.05);不同干扰方式对土壤MBC含量影响的差异主要表现在0~10 cm的土层土壤,对照地分别比皆伐地和火烧地高23.13%和95.79%(p0.05).在不同的土层中皆伐地MBC含量均大于火烧地,与SOC含量的变化趋势一致.(2)与对照地相比,皆伐地与火烧地0~10 cm土层的土壤蔗糖酶活性分别降低了45.59%和36.76%,脲酶活性显著降低了18.22%和55.69%(p0.05),蛋白酶活性降低了19.65%和17.34%,淀粉酶活性降低了6.29%和10.69%.土壤碳组分和酶活性在垂直方向上均表现为随着土层深度增加而减小.皆伐和火烧造成森林湿地土壤碳组分和酶活性降低.     

Climate extremes,location vulnerability and private costs of property protection in Southwestern Cameroon

This study contends that climatic events such as storms and floods may significantly impact on cost of protection through climate proofing of housing structures along the Atlantic coastal zone in the Southwest region of Cameroon. Household level protection is purposely examined on the rationale that current protective efforts constitute the building blocks for long-term adaptation. Examining the determinants of the cost of current protection stands good stead to better inform policy to promote future adaptation to climatic stress. Hence, from a research sample of 400 households, the study estimates a function that relates household-level protection costs to their characteristics. Sixty-four percent of the homes studied have been hit at least once by strong winds, and an average of 2 times in the last 5 years, and 36% of houses have once been hit by storm surge from the sea nearby. With an average monthly income of 120.000 FCFA (US285), the coastal residents spend on average 145,500 FCFA (US 285), the coastal residents spend on average 145,500 FCFA (US 346) in preparation against floods. The statistical estimates of the cost function reveal significant positive signs, implying that the experiences and location of homes within floodplain increases the cost of protection no matter the structural characteristics of the house. The study observes that the proximity to the coast and in flood plains significantly increases the cost of protection, and the ability to invest in preventive measures and climate proofing housing structures increase as individual income grows. The findings indicate the need for improvement of monitoring and forecasting systems for floods, intensification of awareness and proper urban planning. The policy implications are reinforced by the low incomes of most residents, as this calls for external assistance through transfer of planning skills, capital and public options to reinforce the resilience and choices made at the household level.     

臭氧对水稻叶片膜脂过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响

采用 OTC- 1型开顶式气室研究臭氧对不同生育时期水稻叶片膜脂过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响 .实验结果表明 ,随着臭氧浓度增加 ,水稻叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素 a/b值下降 ,膜相对透性和丙二醛 (MDA)含量上升 ,过氧化物酶 (POD)活性逐渐上升 ,过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性开始被诱导上升 ,当浓度达到 200 nl· L^-1时反而下降 .叶绿素含量及叶绿素a/b值与 MDA含量呈显著负相关 ,膜透性与 MDA含量呈显著正相关 ,叶绿素含量与 POD活性呈负相关 .臭氧造成活性氧的产生和清除之间的失衡 ,加剧了膜脂过氧化作用 ,对水稻的膜系统产生了危害 ,降解叶绿素 ,加速叶片的老化 .     

含氧柴油对柴油机排放及细颗粒物碳质组分的影响

乙缩醛(1,1-diethoxyethane)与柴油互溶性好, 可替代乙醇作为生物质来源的柴油含氧添加成分. 生物柴油掺混可以提高乙缩醛和柴油混合燃料的闪点及含氧量. 在柴油发动机台架上, 考察柴油和2种含氧柴油(10%乙缩醛+90%柴油和10%乙缩醛＋10%生物柴油＋80%柴油)在2个固定转速不同负荷的5个工况点的排放特性, 分析了NO_x、HC、CO和PM_2.5排放情况, 并用DRI的碳分析仪分析了PM_2.5中的碳质组分.结果表明, 与普通柴油排放相比, 含氧柴油对NO_x排放速率的影响不大, 在某些工况点HC排放速率有较显著的增加. 含氧柴油降低了柴油机PM_2.5排放速率, 最大降低幅度29%. 从碳质组成上看, 含氧燃料降低了PM_2.5中总碳 (total carbon,TC) 的排放速率, 最大降低幅度24%. 含氧柴油的元素碳(elemental carbon,EC)排放速率普遍低于普通柴油; 有机碳(organic carbon,OC)的排放速率在发动机高转速工况时明显低于普通柴油; PM_2.5的OC/EC值在大多数工况下高于普通柴油. 3种燃料排放PM_2.5的碳质组成百分比相似, OC和EC主要为OC1和EC1. 含氧柴油降低了柴油机PM_2.5的排放速率, 颗粒物中OC的比例有所增加, 但对颗粒物的碳质组分组成没有明显的影响.     

Aqueous and organic extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. inhibit the mycelia growth of fungi

Aqueous extracts from various plant parts of fenugreek (3%) (aerial parts: leaves and stems (LS), roots (R), ground seeds (GS) and not ground seeds (NGS)) and petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions of the aerial parts were assayed to determine their antifungal potential against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria sp., Pythium aphanidermatum, and Rhizoctinia solani. All fenugreek plant parts showed antifungal potential and the magnitude of their inhibitory e ects was species and plant parts dependent. R extract was shown less toxic (30.38%), whereas NGS extract expressed the strongest inhibition, with an average of 71.44%, followed by GS (58.56%) and LS (57.1%). Screening indicated that P. aphanidermatum was the most resistant species, with an average inhibition of 34.5%. F. graminearum, Alternaria sp. and R. solani were the most sensitive species, and were similarly inhibited (63.5%). The stability test indicated that the aqueous extracts of all plant parts lost approximately 50% of their relative activity after one month of storage at 4°C, whilst they lost 60%–90% of their activity when stored at ambient temperature for one month. The antifungal activity resided mainly in the methanol fraction and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol fraction witch caused total inhibition of R. solani and Alternaria sp. was 60 g/ml. Results of current study suggested that the constituents of Trigonella foenum-graecum have potential against harmful pathogenic fungi. Therefore, fenugreek could be an important source of biologically active compounds useful for developing better new antifungal drugs.     

Studies on metabolic extract of Altemaria alternata and toxicity

Altemaria alternata were isolated from wheat seeds collected from villages in Tianshui area of Gansu Province where Kaschin-Beck disease is prevalent. TLC, IR and UV analyses of metabolic extract of A. alternata show that A. alternata produce main secondary metabolites, including alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, and tenuazonic acid.There was a significant decrease in Se-GSH-Px and SOD activities, and an acceleration in lipid peroxidation in rats fed with a diet containing metabolites produced by A. alternata.