石化产业发展特征与污染治理思考

近年来,石化产业逐步摆脱连续多年低迷状况,产业运行保持稳中向好态势,治污减排改善明显,实现产业提质增效与环境治理协同共进良好局面。但从石化产业环境治理现状来看,在结构布局、污染排放、特征污染物监管等方面还存在不足,建议进一步加强产业环境管理,倒逼石化企业改造升级,支持发展绿色环保产品,提升基础支撑保障能力,推动形成产业绿色发展长效机制。     

广东省生态环境保护"十四五"之生态环境监测网络建设主要任务

<正>01大亚湾石化区严格控制石化产业规模,不断优化产业结构,促进产品升级换代,持续提升清洁生产水平、水资源综合利用水平和降低污染物排放强度。结合石化化工产业发展,优化隔离带和安全防护区域设置,严格执行相应防护要求。严格执行海域开发利用等相关法律法规规定。持续深化泄漏检测与修复（LDAR）制度,     

环境医学

X18 200402011 环境污染物与人类健康/林云琴…(华南理工大学环境科学工程系)∥环境卫生工程/天津市市容环境工程设计研究所.-2003,11(3).-132-136 环图X-143 环境污染物是干扰人体内分泌机制,影响人体正常调节作用的外源性化学物。它对人体的健康产生潜在的巨大危害。通过综述国内外对环境污染物影响人体健康方面的研究情况,指出环境污染物的致癌效应以及对妇女、婴幼儿的严重危害;对环境污染物的毒理学进行详细阐述;提出处理和防治环境污染物的一些措施;并指出环境污染物种的确定方法,各年龄段人群特殊动力学的建立和从生理学、分子学等出发研究污染物的毒理性,将成为今后环境科学领域研究的重点表1参25     

我国电子信息产业污染及其环境健康管理对策

20世纪90年代以来,我国电子信息产业迅速发展,但在高速增长的同时,电子信息产业在加工、制造和工厂废物处理过程中也造成了严重的环境污染和健康损害问题,不仅危害环境,也危害普通周边居民和职业工人的健康.本文通过学习借鉴发达国家电子信息产业的环境健康管理经验,结合我国国情和现状,提出了针对我国的电子信息产业环境污染及其人群健康损害的环境健康管理对策和建议.     

对实施环境健康扶贫的几点思考

当前,我国扶贫工作进入攻坚阶段,研究发现,在我国一些环境污染风险较高的区域,部分居民贫困状况与环境健康损害相关。实施健康扶贫,优化扶贫策略,分类分步采取切实有效措施对于助力我国经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。针对环境健康影响人群,通过救助环境健康损害居民、干预污染物暴露、改善综合环境质量等方式,尽量降低环境污染暴露所致健康危害的经济损失和暴露人群的贫困状况,是健康扶贫的重要内容。     

构建省级环境与健康监测评估体系

从构建国家环境与健康技术管理体系出发,提出构建省级环境与健康监测评估体系。运用环境系统工程的思想,确定对人体、生态环境构成健康风险的污染因子优先开展监测、评估。提出环境健康标准体系,并建立与之对应的环境与健康监测系统、信息系统、技术系统、法律系统、经济系统和产业系统等。提出为开展环境与健康影响的研究,应首先开展环境污染健康效应调查方法、环境污染监测布点与健康调查监测布点及数据的关联与处理、典型区域环境污染物对人体及生态环境的健康损害风险评估方法、特征污染物暴露反应关系模型及健康效应剂量一反应关系等研究工作,借以为开展以人体健康指标特征为基础的环境风险评价和环境污染控制提供科学依据。     

中国石化HSE管理体系

现代石油石化生产技术的发展,一方面给人类带来了大量的财富和舒适的生活环境,另一方面由于火灾、爆炸、中毒等重大事故的频频发生,不仅给企业带来了高额的经济损失,也使石油石化产业长期处于高能耗、高污染、高破坏的境地.HSE管理体系将健康、安全、环境融为一体,将企业追求最大利润的天性逐步变为保全生命质量、保护环境的持续利用与追逐利润并重,使企业的管理目标特别突出了人的健康、安全和环境保护.……     

城市河流环境容量模式的建立与研究——以平顶山市湛河为例

摘要：环境容量是指人群健康和自然生态不受危害的前提下,自然环境对污染物的最大容纳量,是自然生态环境的基本属性之一,具有资源性、有限性、稳定性、变更性、周期性、地域性的特点。随着环境管理工作的逐步深入,为进一步科学制定污染物总量控制目标,为“十二五”环境保护规划及主要污染物减排计划编制提供科学依据,文章以平顶山湛河环境容量研究为例,探讨城市河流环境容量模式的建立与研究。     

加强环境监管 推动沿海经济绿色发展

沿海重化工产业的发展给我国近岸海域环境带来巨大挑战。为了保证海洋健康、保护海洋环境,推动沿海经济向绿色增长之路发展将是我国的必然选择。大量重化工产业在沿海地区聚集,沿海省市均已将石化产业作为本地区的支柱产业。随着我国沿海区域经济发展规划陆续批准实施,沿海地区已经进入新一轮海洋开发和区域经济发展阶段,掀起了海洋开发、蓝色经济大发展的高潮。从各项规划看,大量重化工产业在沿海地区聚集,沿海省市均已将石化产业作为本地区的支柱产业。一方面可能导致重复建设、无序竞争,大规模的重复建设将带来产能过剩,加重     

我国环境污染对健康危害的现状及其对策研究

环境污染所导致的健康危害正变得日益严重，在某些地区已严重影响到当地的社会稳定和经济发展。本文在分析空气污染、水污染、土壤污染、持久性难降解有机污染物对人群健康的影响的基础上，对建立环境健康管理机制与战略提出了对策建议。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.