铁磁性纳米材料的制备及对17β-雌二醇的选择性富集——基于分子印迹技术

将铁磁性分离与分子印迹技术结合,以四氧化三铁纳米颗粒为核,以17β-雌二醇(E2)为模板分子,3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)为功能单体,利用表面聚合法制备了E2分子印迹纳米材料(MIPs)和不含E2的非印迹纳米材料(NIPs).通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS...     

Fe/Si/Al分子印迹材料的制备及其对酸性橙II(AOII)的选择吸附性能

以Fe/Si凝胶作为基底,酸性橙II(AOII)为模板分子,引入Al3+形成Lewis酸识别位点,制备全无机型Fe/Si/Al分子印迹型材料(MIPs),通过SEM、XRD、BET、FT-IR等对其进行表征,并研究了其对AOII的选择吸附性能.研究结果表明,与同具有苯环结构的干扰物双酚A(BPA)相比,MIPs对AOII的吸附能力明显高于BPA,说明其对模板分子具有吸附选择性.此外,MIPs对AOII的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温线和拟二级吸附动力学方程,且主要为化学吸附.     

雌激素多模板分子印迹磁性金属有机骨架复合材料的制备及其吸附性能研究

以6种雌激素为模板分子,磁性金属有机骨架M-MIL-101(Cr)为载体,制备了一种新型分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）复合材料,对水溶液中的雌酮（E1）、雌二醇（E2）、雌三醇（E3）、乙炔雌二醇（EE2）、己烯雌酚（DES）和己烷雌酚（HEX）进行同步选择性吸附分离.同时,采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射仪等对材料进行了表征,并考察了MIPs复合材料对6种雌激素的吸附特性.结果表明,MIPs对6种雌激素的吸附过程遵循准二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型,平衡时间约为30～60 min,温度为298 K时的平衡吸附容量为38.99 mg·g-1.吸附热力学数据显示,吸附过程一个放热的、自发性的过程.材料对双酚A、黄体酮的相对选择性系数在1.52～7.35之间,经过4次吸附-脱附循环后,吸附容量仍能达到原来的93%,表明MIPs复合材料具备良好的选择性与再生性能.     

分子印迹技术在环境科学领域中的应用分析

随着我国科学水平的不断提高,许多新材料与新技术逐渐取代传统工艺与材料出现在人们的视野之中,分子印迹技术是针对于发展环境科学所创新出的一门新兴的边缘科学技术,它的出现将为环境科学在未来的发展打开一角。本文对分子印迹技术的产生与发展基本原理进行了详细介绍,并针对分子印迹技术在环境科学领域的应用进行了阐述,主要的阐述内容包含了分子印迹技术在固相萃取、传感器与色谱分析等作为催化剂在环境修复中的具体应用。     

多壁碳纳米管表面共价偶联分子印迹聚合物及其对水中双酚A的吸附性能

通过羧化、酰氯化、酰胺化反应在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)表面引入不饱和侧链(－CH＝CH2),然后以双酚A(BPA)为模板分子,4-乙烯吡啶(4-VP)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,在MWCNTs－CH＝CH2表面制备一种新型的分子印迹聚合物纳米材料.采用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析对制备吸附剂(MWCNTs@BPA-MIPs)的结构与形态进行了表征且证实有一层稳定的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)接枝在MWCNTs的表面通过平衡结合实验与斯卡查德(Scatchard)分析证实了印迹聚合物的吸附性质.结果证实,BPA的吸附容量高达123.8 mg·g-1,而且与模板分子BPA的类似物双酚C(BPC)和邻硝基酚(o-NP)比较,MWCNTs@BPA-MIPs对BPA具有更好的选择性和更快的吸附动力学特性.     

没食子酸分子印迹聚合物的合成及识别性能研究

采用分子印迹技术合成了没食子酸分子印迹聚合物,通过实验研究了功能单体种类、模板分子与功能单体的物质的量之比、交联剂和溶剂种类不同的条件下制备的印迹聚合物的吸附性能,从而确定了没食子酸印迹聚合物制备的适宜条件;对合成的没食子酸分子印迹聚合物进行了等温吸附和Scatchard分析,研究了没食子酸分子印迹聚合物的识别特性,并通过红外光谱和扫描电镜表征了印迹聚合物的微观结构和微观形貌。     

分子印迹检测和治理环境农药残留研究进展

环境中残留的农药污染物对人体和环境生态都有极大的危害,对这些环境污染物的监测与治理迫在眉睫。分子印迹技术作为一种选择性吸附和分离各种物质的技术体系,在环境农药污染的治理与修复过程具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了分子印迹固相萃取技术在环境农药残留检测方面和分子印迹技术在环境农药残留治理中的研究和应用进展,包括分子印迹技术耦合生物催化和分子印迹技术耦合光催化治理环境中的农药污染物。     

电化学发光、分子印迹技术及其结合技术分析

电化学发光是一种不需要外加激发光源,而且背景信号低,线性范围宽,不需要昂贵设备的方法.分子印迹却是一种具有高度识别性和选择性的新技术.通过结合两者,可制备出具有选择性好、灵敏度高、检测限低、易于操作等特点的分子印迹-电化学发光传感器.近年来,在有毒有害物质、残留农药、药物质量检测以及生物传感器制备等多领域具有广泛的应用.本综述简要介绍电化学发光、分子印迹技术以及分子印迹-电化学发光传感器的应用概况,为今后的检测技术提供了一种新方法.     

磁性分子印迹聚合物的制备及在环境领域中的应用

磁性分子印迹聚合物是近年发展起来的一种新型多功能材料,具有良好的超顺磁性和高选择性特征。磁性分子印迹聚合物可以在外加磁场的作用下进行分离,从而达到主动识别和方便分离的目的。本文综述了磁性分子印迹聚合物微球的制备方法和环境领域中的应用,并提出了存在的问题和发展趋势。     

硅胶表面壬基酚印迹材料的制备及其固相萃取应用

采用表面分子印迹技术,以壬基酚为模板分子,4-乙烯吡啶为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,通过溶胶凝胶法在无定型硅胶表面合成了壬基酚分子印迹聚合物。通过扫描电镜和红外光谱表征证明成功在硅胶表面合成了表面印迹聚合物。对印迹聚合物吸附性能考察的结果表明,该印迹聚合物对壬基酚仅15 min左右达到吸附平衡,去除率达75.13%,具有明显的快速吸附性和良好的选择吸附性。与C18柱相比,该分子印迹聚合物为填料的固相萃取柱对纺织品中的壬基酚具有显著的选择性分离和富集的能力,对壬基酚的加标回收率为86.4%~95.3%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~4.9%,表现出较高的回收率和准确性。     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Effects of chitosan on growth of an aquatic plant (Hydrilla verticillata) in polluted waters with different chemical oxygen demands

Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water.     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate by zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash as influenced by acid treatment

Zeolite synthesized from fly ash （ZFA） without modification is not efficient for the purification of NH4＋ and phosphate at low concentrations that occur in real effluents, despite the high potential removal capacity. To develop an effective technique to enhance the removal efficiency of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations, ZFA was modified with acid treatment and the simultaneous removal of ammonium and phosphate in a wide range of concentration was investigated. It was seen that when compared with untreated ZFA, only the treatment by 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4 significantly improved the removal efficiency of ammonium at low initial concentrations. The behavior was well explained by the pH effect. Treatment by more concentrated H2SO4 led to the deterioration of the ZFA structure and a decrease in the cation exchange capacity. Treatment by 0.01 mol/L H2SO4 improved the removal efficiency of phosphate by ZFA at all initial P concentrations, while the treatment by concentrated H2SO4 （≥0.9 mol/L） resulted in a limited maximum phosphate immobilization capacity （PIC）. It was concluded that through a previous mild acid treatment （e.g. 0.01 mol/L of H2SO4）, ZFA can be used in the simultaneous removal of NH4＋ and P at low concentrations simulating real effluent.