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在对莲花湖湿地物种现状进行调查分析、监测及统计的基础上,建立湿地生物多样性评价指标体系与赋值标准,从物种丰富度、生态系统类型多样性、物种特有性、外来物种入侵度四个一级指标及十五个二级指标对莲花湖湿地生物多样性进行了评价。莲花湖湿地生物多样性总评分为67分,结果表明莲花湖湿地生物多样性处于优秀水平,应继续加强对莲花湖湿地生态环境的恢复和管理。研究结果将为相关管理部门提供决策依据,为莲花湖湿地生物多样性的保护和管理打下基础。 相似文献
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物种保育更新及生物多样性维持是生态系统服务功能综合评估的热点和难点问题.鉴于当前物种保育更新服务功能综合评估技术方法体系及实际应用过程中区域可比较性的不足削弱了生物多样性的有效监管,以物种保育更新服务功能为研究对象,基于物种濒危程度、生态保护成效、核算结果可重复及陆海统一这4项评估原则,借鉴能值理论构建了综合考虑物种更新率、生境质量调整系数、不同濒危等级指数和单个物种能值转换率的评估方法,并以厦门市陆地和海洋的物种为研究案例,将2010作为基准年、2015年为评估年进行综合评估.结果表明:评估年相比基准年陆地物种保育更新服务的能值量由1.14×1020 sej增至1.21×1020 sej,海洋由1.56×1020 sej增至3.32×1020 sej,海洋变化程度较陆地显著.厦门市北部山区较南部沿海区域生境质量维持较好,2010—2015年期间整体变化趋好,局部受到轻微扰动.厦门陆地与海洋历史时期出现且纳入计算的动植物物种数为5 110种,其中陆地物种数为1 321种,海洋物种数为3 879种,而中国特有种和福建省重点保护物种为物种数占比最多的保护等级.研究显示,陆地物种受保护等级程度较高,面临受威胁和濒危的物种也较多,各类保护等级对物种保育作用显著;修正的综合评估方法体系能够弥补生态系统服务主流化研究的不足,可为生物多样性保护的规范性与科学性提供参考价值. 相似文献
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生物多样性面临的威胁及其原因 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文探讨了生态系统和物种多样性所面临的威胁,指出目前物种灭绝的速度在加快,濒危物种在增多,生物多样性保护的重点应是濒危物种。并分析了生物多样性丧失的原因,认为人口过快增加是生物多样性危机的主要根源。 相似文献
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生物多样性是一个描述自然界多样性程度的一个内容广泛的概念。《生物多样性公约》对“生物多样性”的定义为:“是指所有来源的活的生物体中的变异性,这些来源除其他外包括陆地、海洋和其他水生生态系统及其所构成的生态综合体;这包括物种内、物种之间和生态系统的多样性”。基于此定义,各种生物多样性保护的思想应运而生,并且产生了以保护思想为基础的保护方式和方法。 相似文献
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南中国海具有丰富的浅海和热带的生物多样性,是全球红树林分布的中心之一.南中国海地区红树林面积大约占全球的28%,该区红树植物的多样性为世界最高,共有46种真红树分布于此.由于受人口增加和经济发展的巨大压力,南中国地区红树林资源破坏严重,退化趋势明显.虽然南中国海周边国家过去都实施了相应的海洋环境保护行动计划,然而缺乏区域协调措施大大降低了这些行动的有效性.本文在对南中国海地区红树林资源的利用现状和退化原因进行分析的基础上,提出南中国海地区红树林资源保护与管理的建议,以期能在双边或区域的层面上共同协作,采取适当的措施去扭转南中国海地区红树林生境退化趋势. 相似文献
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《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2007,121(3):245-255
Conservation of crop wild relatives (CWRs) is a complex interdisciplinary process that is being addressed by various national and international initiatives, including two Global Environment Facility projects (‘In situ Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives through Enhanced Information Management and Field Application’ and ‘Design, Testing and Evaluation of Best Practices for in situ Conservation of Economically Important Wild Species’), the European Community-funded project ‘European Crop Wild Relative Diversity Assessment and Conservation Forum (PGR Forum)’ and the European ‘In situ and On Farm Network’. The key issues that have arisen are: (1) the definition of what constitutes a CWR, (2) the need for national and regional information systems and a global system, (3) development and application of priority-determining mechanisms, (4) the incorporation of the conservation of CWRs into existing national, regional and international PGR programmes, (5) assessment of the effectiveness of conservation actions, (6) awareness of the importance of CWRs in agricultural development at local, national and international levels both for the scientific and lay communities and (7) policy development and legal framework. The above issues are illustrated by work on the conservation of a group of legumes known as grasspea chicklings, vetchlings, and horticultural ornamental peas (Lathyrus spp.) in their European and Mediterranean centre of diversity. 相似文献
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水域生态及生物资源保护 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文讨论了水域生态及生物资源保护.认为生物资源的保护重点是生物多样性。生物多样性一般认为包括三个层次:基因多样性、物种多样性及生态系统多样性。基因多样性是每一生物的基因所含的总的遗传信息,物种多样系指活的机体的品种和变异,生态系统多样性则为生境和生物群落的巨大变化以及生态系统中生态过程的变化.生物多样性的消失是不可逆的。本文强调保护生物多样性的重要性,并提出要制汀政策和建立保护系统才能奏效。 相似文献
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论DNA分子标记在家畜遗传多样性保护中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文就DNA分子遗传标记在家畜遗传多样性保护中应用的可行性及途径进行了探讨,提出了家畜遗传多样性标记辅助保护新策略。 相似文献
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Many proposals to improve biodiversity governance target the stage of policy formulation. In this paper we highlight the importance of the subsequent policy realization stage, which is mostly carried out by sub-national administrative levels. We explore the differences in the opinions of practitioners representing regional and local public institutions in conservation policy design and implementation. The research was conducted through surveying a representative sample of local and regional practitioners within Małopolska, Poland. The results illustrate a cross-level mismatch between the regional and local practitioners. That is, practitioners operating at different administrative levels have significantly different opinions on nature conservation system performance, system effectiveness, the distribution of power among actors, and on the allocation of costs and benefits stemming from nature conservation. Local level representatives are generally more pleased with overall nature conservation performance and its outcomes, while regional level representatives are more skeptical, especially toward local level performance and the overall effectiveness of nature conservation. Also, local level respondents are more critical, while regional practitioners hold more positive images of the procedures involved during policy implementation. We highlight the practical implications of this kind of research, and the importance of quantitative data in evaluating the overall performance of conservation policy. 相似文献
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《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2005,105(1-2):87-99
Little is known about the predictive value of landscape complexity and farm specialisation for land-use intensity, although this is critical for regional agri–environmental schemes and conservation of biodiversity. Here, we analysed land-use intensity of annual crop fields of 30 farms in northern Germany that were located in 15 landscapes differing in structural complexity ranging from <15% to >65% non-crop habitats. The proportion of arable land per landscape was used as simple predictor of landscape complexity due to its close correlation with habitat-type diversity, and the proportion of arable land per farm acted as an indicator for farm specialisation due to its negative correlation with stock farming. Land-use intensity was quantified using questionnaires. Landscape complexity and farm specialisation were related to several but not all indicators of land-use intensity. Structurally simple landscapes were related to more nitrogen input and higher crop yields, and farms specialised on annual crops had reduced crop-species diversity, larger fields, higher crop yields and more pathogen species. In contrast to general expectations, pesticide use in annual crop fields was exceptionally high and not a function of landscape complexity or farm specialisation. Our results show that generalisations such as “farms specialised on annual crops and structurally simple landscapes show increased land-use intensity” may be misleading. 相似文献
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《Environmental Science & Policy》2003,6(1):51-55
The on-farm costs of erosion preventative measures are one of the crucial points for developing and implementing soil conservation policies. This article describes the use of the modelling system Multiple Objective Decision Support Tool for Agroecosystem Management (MODAM) for calculating the on-farm costs of soil conservation programmes at a participative research project in north-eastern Germany. Within this project, standard average data were adjusted to regional characteristics within a discussion process at a roundtable meeting with local stakeholders. Based on these data, a regional farm model is designed to show the total effects of a soil conservation programme. 相似文献
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流域、生态区和景观是评估大尺度区域生态质量的构架,阐述了三者合理结合的理论基础. 流域是解决水生态环境问题的整体性构架,但是流域研究的成果缺乏外推的依据. 生态区提供了合适的外推机制,与流域结合使用,可以解决小尺度成果的尺度上推和预测问题. 景观范围界定的主观随机性,使其可以与行政区、生态区和流域等空间范围结合,用于区域生态质量评估. 以海河流域为例,验证了流域、生态区、景观相结合的区域生态质量评估方法体系,包括3个步骤:流域生态区划分;建立以遥感影像为数据源的景观生态质量评价指标体系,并对生态区内的典型行政区开展景观生态质量评估;将评估结果外推到所在生态区. 以流域生态过程为核心整体统筹各生态区,提出上游山区水土保持、平原节水并修复河流和地下水系统、下游湿地保护并增加入海流量的水生态系统恢复对策. 相似文献
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生物多样性评价为生物多样性保护提供重要的参考价值,联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)中15.1.2指标对此提出了具体要求. 本研究借助遥感技术,以长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区(简称“示范区”)为研究区,选取物种多样性层次、生态系统多样性层次和景观多样性层次的7个指标(生境质量指数、增强型植被指数、水网密度指数、生境面积百分比、辛普森多样性指数、景观分离度指数、蔓延度指数)构建生物多样性评价指标体系,实现了对研究区生物多样性的量化计算及生物多样性评估. 结果表明:①研究区生物多样性指数平均值为0.42,生物多样性高等级区域面积为526.65 km2,占研究区陆地面积的27.38%;研究区共28个乡镇,其中生物多样性高等级区域占乡镇陆地面积比例大于50%的乡镇有两个,分别是青浦区的华新镇和香花桥街道. ②探究了土地利用方式和城市不透水面占比对生物多样性的影响,生物多样性受人类活动干扰较为严重,不透水面占比与高等级生物多样性占比呈负相关,在植被稀少的城市和工业区域生物多样性等级较低. 研究显示,SDG 15.1.2指标区域得分为27.38分,距离实现2030年生物多样性可持续目标还面临一定的挑战;同时,该研究旨在构建县级区域生物多样性现状的评价指标体系,从而为SDGs指标本地化提供理论参考. 相似文献