关于中国企业环境管理体制的调研

政府、企业和公众在环境管理中扮演着不同的角色，过分强调政府的作用，忽视企业的环境管理，或只重视污染治理设施项目的实施，而忽视企业环境管理体制的健全和完善，必然会导致环境管理陷入误区。为此，我们对重庆市和云南省六家国有企业的环境管理状况进行了调研，对企业环境管理的障碍和影响因素进行了分析。最后，对激发企业自觉意识、加强企业环境管理提出了四点政策建议。     

推进清洁生产必须提高企业环境意识

清洁生产是一种主动的环境战略，提高环境意识是推进企业清洁生产的基础。可以通过提高企业家的环境意识，提高消费者的环境意识和提高政府管理干部的清洁生产意识等手段和加强宣传和举办培训班等途径来推进清洁生产。     

做好上海市废旧物资回收加工利用工作的几点思考

1、对废旧物资回收利用工作的作用，要形成社会共识，造就政府重视、市民参与、企业支持这样一种新的局面。充分回收利用废旧物资是利在当代，功在千秋的大事。要通过宣传，使各行各业都能理解、尊重、重视和支持废旧物资回收利用工作。各级政府要把废旧物资的开发利用作为政府行为，列入政府经济社会发展规划与管理体系，使其健康持续发展。2、国家和政府对废旧物资回收利用进行立法管理和政策扶持。废旧物资是工业生产需要的再生资源，其中极大部分是生产建设的重要原料。为此，应该对其单独立法。要把开展废旧物资回收利用作为国家长期稳…     

在新的排污收费政策下开展排污申报工作的几点建议

排污申报作为一项法定的环境管理制度，实践和事实证明，及时、准确的排污申报是法律法规的要求，是政府部门强化环境监督管理、对环境保护进行科学决策的基础，是排污者加强内部管理、促进经济效益与环境效益共同提高的有效途径。但在实际工作中，一些地区和部门，特别是一些基层环保部门客观上还存在着排污申报与环境管理，特别是排污收费“两张皮、互不相干”的现象。新的排污收费政策实施以后，我们应加大宣传力度，突出排污申报工作在排污收费与企业管理工作中的重要性；加大审核力度，督促排污者如实进行排污申报工作以及加大执法力度，依法保证及时、准确、合法、有序地开展排污申报工作，使排污申报工作与排污收费工作真正融为一体。     

星星之火可以燎原—徐州市民间环保组织、社会团体透视

近年来，徐州市民间环保组织和社会团体发展十分迅猛，据初步调查，有正规名称、在民政部门注册且经常开展活动的就有１５家左右。他们除利用环保纪念日进行宣传外，还就市民关心的环境热点问题展开行动，如写污染源调查报告、到污染企业考察、上集贸市场呼吁宣传、采访市县政府领导、向新闻媒体提供污染线索、举办讲座等。有的环保组织和社会团体还举办所在辖区范围内中小型污染企业法人培训班，宣传党和政府的环保法律法规。总之，在徐州“环境保护，人人有责”已不是官话、套话，而是实实在在看得见、说得明、理得清的实际行为。环保社团…     

结构方程模型在社会环境管理中的应用

我国自第一次全国环境保护会议以来，在环境保护的实践中经过不断的探索、总结，逐步形成了一系列符合中国国情的环境管理制度。随着社会经济发展，我国环境管理也发生了一些转变，从政府管理为主转向政府、企业和公众相互作用。本文尝试对社会各部门在环境管理方面的作用进行量化，并利用结构方程模型进行了实践。     

晋州市：“四个到位”认真开展环境污染纠纷和环境安全隐患的排查整治

一是组织到位。成立了由局长任组长的环境污染纠纷和环境安全隐患排查整治工作领导小组，3名班子成员分包重点企业和有关乡镇。执法人员分成6个小组按照不同行业，落实到人头，实行重点分包。二是宣传到位。举办环境知识图片展览，进行宣传。期间设置宣传台、投诉台、咨询台，举办展览，受理群众投诉，发动宣传资料。三是排查到位。组织执法人员集中力量对重点企业进行拉网式的环境污染纠纷和环境安全隐患排查整治。     

环境信息披露制度研究

环境信息披露分为政府环境信息披露和企业环境信息披露两个层面。政府环境信息披露包括政府在制度性信息与管理信息、生态安全信息等方面的披露．企业环境信息披露内容包括企业强制性披露信息与自愿披露信息、企业生产阶段的信息和其他阶段的信息。笔者在对这些问题进行研究和分析的基础上．进一步对我国环境信息披露内容的控制及实施进行了探讨。     

绿色发展视域下绿色企业建设探析

绿色企业是指采取绿色发展方式进行生产的企业。创建绿色企业是实现绿色发展的必然要求。我国绿色企业的建设与发展面临着诸多困境:部分企业经营者和管理者对绿色发展认识不够,政府政策支持力度不足,相关法律制度保障相对滞后,企业绿色技术创新存在瓶颈。解决上述问题,必须加大企业绿色化建设与发展的宣传力度,加大政府的政策扶持力度,完善环境法律制度保障,提升企业绿色技术创新能力,强化企业绿色化管理。     

企业环境管理中政府和企业作用分析

我国的经济发展伴随着日益严重的环境问题。在引起环境问题的诸多因素中,来自企业方面的因素对环境的影响最为深远,因此改善环境首先就需要加强企业的环境管理。在推动企业进行环境管理的各种因素中,既有如政府的管制等外部因素,也有如减少成本、产品差异化等企业自身内部因素。外部因素和内部因素对推动企业环境管理都具有重要作用,但也有其局限性。本文通过政府管制及企业自身因素对驱动企业进行环境管理的作用机制的研究,分析各个驱动因素优缺点,寻求各驱动因素的最佳的组合,促使企业更好地加强环境管理。     

Evaluation of phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa and mustard in hydroponic culture

Soil contaminated with heavy metals cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)is hard to be remediated.Phytoremediation may be a feasible method to remove toxic metals from soil,but there are few suitable plants which can hyperaccumulate metals.In this study,Cd and Pb accumulation by four plants including sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.),mustard(Brassica juncea L.),alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.), ricinus(Ricinus communis L.)in hydroponic cultures was compared.Results showed that these plants could phytocxtract heavy metals, the ability of accumulation differed with species,concentrations and categories of heavy metals.Values of BCF(bioconcentration factor)and TF(translocation factor)indicated that four species had dissimilar abilities of phytoextraction and transportation of heavy metals.Changes on the biomass of plants,pH and Eh at different treatments revealed that these four plants had distinct responses to Cd and Pb in cultures.Measurements should be taken to improve the phytoremediation of sites contaminated with heavy metals,such as pH and Eh regulations,and so forth.     

Oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by potassium permanganate

The oxidation of As(Ⅲ) with potassium permanganate was studied under conditions including pH, initial As(Ⅲ) concentration and dosage of Mn(Ⅶ). The results have shown that potassium permanganate was an effective agent for oxidizing of As(Ⅲ) in a wide pH range. The pH value of tested water was not a significant factor affecting the oxidation of As(Ⅲ) by Mn(Ⅶ). Although theoretical redox analyses suggest that Mn(Ⅶ) should have better performance in oxidization of As(Ⅲ) within lower pH ranges, the experimental results show that the oxidation efficiencies of As(Ⅲ) under basic and acidic conditions were similar, which may be due to the adsorption of As(Ⅲ) on the Mn(OH)2 and MnO2 resulting from the oxidation of As(Ⅲ).     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Chlorobenzenes in waterweeds from the Xijiang River （Guangdong section） of the Pearl River

The Xijiang River is the major source of water for about 4.5 millions of urban population and 28.7 millions of rural population. The water quality is very important for the health of the rural population. The concentration and distribution of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in both water and waterweeds collected from 4 stations in the Xijiang River (Gangdong section) of the Pearl River in April and November were determined. The result showed that nearly every congener of CBs was detected. The total contents of CBs (∑CBs) in the river water ranged from 111.1 to 360.0 ng/L in April and from 151.9 to 481.7 ng/L in November, respectively. The pollution level of CBs in the water in April was higher than that in November. The contents of ∑ CBs in waterweeds ranged from 13.53×102 μg/g to 38.27×102μg/g dry weight (dw). There was no significant difference between April and November in waterweeds. The distribution of CBs in roots, caulis, and leaves of Vallisneria spiralis L. showed different patterns. The leaves mainly contained low-molecular-weight CBs(DCBs), whereas the roots accumulated more PCBs and HCBs. The average lgBCFlip (bioconcentration factor) of CBs ranged from 0.64 to 3.57 in the waterweeds. The spatial distribution character of CBs in the Xijiang River was: Fengkai County ＜ Yunan County ＜Yun'an County ＜ Gaoyao County according to the ∑CBs, and the pollution deteriorated from the upstream to the downstream of the Xijiang River. Further analysis demonstrated that the discharge of waste containing CBs may be the main source of CBs pollution in the Xijiang River.     

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with a novel TiO2/Ti-Fe-graphite felt photoelectrocatalytic oxidation process

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)was studied in a novel three-electrode photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)integrative oxidation process,and the factors influencing the degradation rate,such as applied current,flow speed of O_2,pH,adscititious voltage and initial 2,4-DCP concentration were investigated and optimized.H_2O_2 was produced nearby cathode and Fe~(2 )continuously generated from Fe anode in solution when current and O_2 were applied,so,main reactions,H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC oxidation and E-Fenton reaction,occurred during degradation of 2,4-DCP in this integrative system.The degradation ratio of 2,4-DCP was 93% in this integrative oxidation process,while it was only 31% in E-Fenton process and 46% in H_2O_2-assisted TiO_2 PEC process.So,it revealed that the degradation of 2,4-DCP was improved greatly by photoelectrical cooperation effect.By the investigation of pH,it showed that this integrative process could work well in a wide pH range from pH 3 to pH 9.     

Effect of copper on the degradation of pesticides cypermethrin and cyhalothrin

The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.