Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at a large-scale antimony mining area in southern China

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have great potential for assisting heavy metal hyperaccumulators in the remediation of contaminated soils. However, little information is available about the community composition of AMF under natural conditions in soils contaminated by antimony (Sb). The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of AMF molecular diversity, and to explore the effects of Sb content and soil properties on the AMF community structure in an Sb mining area. Four Sb mine spoils and one adjacent reference area were selected from around the Xikuangshan mine in southern China. The association of AMF molecular diversity and community composition with the rhizosphere soils of the dominant plant species was studied by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Results from all five studied sites showed that the diversity of AMF decreased with increasing Sb concentration. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the AMF community structure was markedly different among these groups. Further redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that Sb contamination was the dominating factor influencing the AMF community structure in the Sb mine area. However, the multivariate analysis showed that, apart from the soil Sb content, extractable nitrogen content and organic matter content also attributed to AMF sequence distribution type. Some AMF sequences were only found in the highly contaminated area and these might be ideal candidates for improving phytoremediation efficiency in Sb mining regions. Gene sequencing analysis revealed that most species were affiliated with Glomus, suggesting that Glomus was the dominant AMF genus in the studied Sb mining area.     

Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at a large-scale antimony mining area in southern China

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) have great potential for assisting heavy metal hyperaccumulators in the remediation of contaminated soils. However, little information is available about the community composition of AMF under natural conditions in soils contaminated by antimony(Sb). The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of AMF molecular diversity, and to explore the effects of Sb content and soil properties on the AMF community structure in an Sb mining area. Four Sb mine spoils and one adjacent reference area were selected from around the Xikuangshan mine in southern China. The association of AMF molecular diversity and community composition with the rhizosphere soils of the dominant plant species was studied by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE). Results from all five studied sites showed that the diversity of AMF decreased with increasing Sb concentration. Principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that the AMF community structure was markedly different among these groups. Further redundancy analysis(RDA) showed that Sb contamination was the dominating factor influencing the AMF community structure in the Sb mine area. However, the multivariate analysis showed that, apart from the soil Sb content, extractable nitrogen content and organic matter content also attributed to AMF sequence distribution type. Some AMF sequences were only found in the highly contaminated area and these might be ideal candidates for improving phytoremediation efficiency in Sb mining regions. Gene sequencing analysis revealed that most species were affiliated with Glomus, suggesting that Glomus was the dominant AMF genus in the studied Sb mining area.     

The molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the arsenic mining impacted sites in Hunan Province of China

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) can establish a mutualistic association with most terrestrial plants even in heavy metal contaminated environments. It has been documented that high concentrations of toxic metals, such as arsenic(As) in soil could adversely affect the diversity and function of AMF. However, there are still gaps in understanding the community composition of AMF under long-term As contaminations. In the present study, six sampling sites with different As concentrations were selected in the Realgar mining area in Hunan Province of China. The AMF biodiversity in the rhizosphere soils of the dominant plant species was investigated by sequencing the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA(SSU rR NA) gene fragments using 454-pyrosequencing technique. A total of 11 AMF genera were identified,namely Rhizophagus, Glomus, Funneliformis, Acaulospora, Diversispora, Claroideoglomus, Scutellopora,Gigaspora, Ambispora, Praglomus, and Archaeospora, among which Glomus, Rhizophagus, and Claroideoglomus clarodeum were detected in all sampling sites, and Glomus was the dominant AMF genus in the Realgar mining area. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH, total As and Cd concentrations were the main factors influencing AMF community structure. There was a negative correlation between the AMF species richness and the total As concentration in the soil,but no significant correlation between the Shannon–Wiener index of the AMF and plants. Our study showed that high As concentrations can exert a selective effect on the AMF populations.     

周年轮作休耕对土壤AMF群落和团聚体稳定性的影响

为探究轮作休耕对丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）群落组成及土壤团聚体稳定性的影响,以坡耕地红壤为研究对象,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序和湿筛法分别测定AMF群落组成和团聚体,研究了苕子轮作玉米（V-C）、豌豆轮作玉米（P-C）、冬闲-玉米（F-C）和周年休耕（F-F）这4个处理下AMF群落组成及其与土壤养分和团聚体稳定性之间的关系.结果表明,F-F、V-C和P-C处理的>2 mm团聚体含量、R_0.25及MWD均显著高于F-C （P<0.05）,<0.25 mm团聚体含量均显著低于F-C （P<0.05）;F-F处理的ACE、Chao1和Shannon指数较F-C分别显著提高29.56%、35.78%和45.55%;球囊霉属（Glomus）为各处理AMF群落的优势属,盾巨孢囊霉属（Scutellospora）在各处理间差异显著（P<0.05）;PCoA分析发现,PC1和PC2分别累计解释了AMF群落组成差异的29.99%和22.40%;相关性分析表明,盾巨孢囊霉属与碱解氮（AN）和有机质（SOM）呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,与速效钾（AK）呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,球囊霉属与碱解氮呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;RDA分析表明,AMF多样性（Shannon指数）和盾巨孢囊霉属分别与>2 mm和2~1 mm团聚体含量显著正相关（P<0.05）.因此,周年休耕和苕子轮作玉米有利于提高土壤团聚体稳定性和改变AMF群落组成,研究结果为我国南方周年轮作系统提高土壤质量和推行合理轮作休耕模式提供理论依据和参考.     

矿区不同植被复垦模式对土壤细菌群落结构的影响

以安太堡露天煤矿复垦区为研究对象,用PCR-DGGE技术分析不同复垦植被(榆树、落叶松、杏树、云杉和刺槐)及复垦年限(15年和20年)对土壤细菌的影响.土壤细菌多样性分析结果表明:复垦20年组,榆树最高,杏树最低,其余3个植被无显著差异;复垦15年组,云杉显著高于刺槐;刺槐随复垦年限延长,其土壤细菌多样性显著增高,而云杉却反之.相似性系数分析、聚类分析和PCA均显示,相同复垦年限的土样细菌群落结构相似性高.相关性分析表明细菌多样性指数和土壤pH显著正相关.优势和差异条带测序鉴定出Nitrospira、Sphingomonas、Arthrobacter、Brachybacterium、Rhizobium以及Mesorhizobium等或参与氮循环、或降解多环芳烃及杂环有机物的细菌属.本研究说明榆树和云杉有利于土壤细菌多样性的恢复;复垦区土壤的优势菌群多为有利于污染土壤的生态修复和肥力恢复的功能细菌属.     

喀斯特锑矿植被恢复区植物多样性及群落稳定性

了解喀斯特锑矿区植物群落结构及稳定性对生态恢复和群落构建具有重要意义,本研究以贵州晴隆大厂镇锑矿植被恢复区(锑矿区)为研究对象,并选择锑矿区周边未被破坏的植物群落作为对照区展开研究. 基于样方法对锑矿区和对照区进行植被调查,分析了植物物种多样性及群落(群落、乔木层、灌木层和草本层)的Godron稳定性. 结果表明:锑矿区植物共22种,分属14科18属,且有16种为草本植物,低于对照区的30科53属68种;豆科(Leguminosae)、禾本科(Poaceae)、菊科(Compositae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae)和荨麻科(Urticaceae)各有2~4种,且以被子植物的双子叶植物为主(共11科13属17种),占总物种数的77.27%. 锑矿区优势植物以亮叶桦(Betula luminifera)、苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)、密蒙花(Buddleja officinalis)、茅莓(Rubus parvifolius)、水麻(Boehmeria penduliflora)和插田泡(Rubus coreanus)为主;对照区优势植物以亮叶桦、油桐(Vernicia fordii)、杨树(Populus simonii)、响叶杨(Populus adenopoda)和香樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)为主. 锑矿区与对照区乔灌植物的密度间差异不显著(P>0.05),但锑矿区植物高度101~130 cm、131~200 cm和>200 cm的物种数显著低于对照区(P<0.05). 锑矿区乔木层和灌木层物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数显著低于对照区(P<0.05),物种丰富度分别比对照区显著降低了82.8%和89.5%(P<0.05),Shannon-Wiener指数分别比对照区显著降低了100%和94.8%(P<0.05). Godron稳定性分析结果表明,锑矿区植物群落不稳定. 综上,锑矿区物种组成简单,物种多样性低且不稳定,处于植被演替早期阶段.      

呼伦贝尔草原采煤沉陷对土壤-植物系统的影响及评价

为研究采煤沉陷对土壤-植物系统的影响,以呼伦贝尔草原煤矿为研究对象,通过在沉陷区与对照区不同坡位〔坡顶（地表沉陷边界附近）、坡中（沉陷边缘区）、坡底（沉陷中心区）〕设置样地进行土壤性质和植物群落的调查测试,对比分析沉陷干扰下土壤水分和养分、植物物种组成以及群落结构的变化,研究土壤性质与植物群落特征之间的关系,并对沉陷区和对照区土壤-植物系统进行综合评价.结果表明:①采煤沉陷后,沉陷区土壤体积含水量（简称“土壤含水量”）较对照区下降了4.8%（P < 0.05）,坡中土壤水分损失最严重,比对照区同一坡位减少了8.4%（P < 0.05）.沉陷区0~60 cm土壤TN（全氮）、TP（全磷）、OM（有机质）和AK（速效钾）含量平均值分别比对照区下降了17.8%、28.9%、38.0%和46.5%（P < 0.05）,坡中和坡底土壤养分流失明显,TN含量在坡中比对照区相同坡位下降了29.7%（P < 0.05）,OM、AK含量在坡底减少了54.1%、64.1%（P < 0.05）.②沉陷区植物种类比对照区减少了28.6%~37.0%,原有优势种羊草（Leymus chinensis）、贝加尔针茅（Stipa Baicalensis）的重要值下降,而双齿葱（Allium bidentatum）、寸草苔（Carex duriuscula）等旱生植物种类和数量增多,植物群落发生退化,群落Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson优势度指数明显低于对照区（P < 0.05）.③通过冗余分析可知,土壤性质与群落多样性指数相关性显著（P < 0.05）,其中TP、TN、OM和AK含量与多样性指数的相关系数均大于0.5（P < 0.05）,TN含量是影响群落多样性的关键因子.④利用因子分析法对土壤-植物系统进行综合评价,显示沉陷区各样地土壤-植物系统与对照区相比呈退化状态,不同坡位的退化程度表现为坡中>坡顶>坡底.研究显示,受沉陷干扰影响,土壤水分和养分发生损失,群落物种多样性下降,土壤-植物系统退化趋势明显,坡中部位（沉陷边缘区）退化最严重.      

丛枝菌根真菌在矿区生态环境修复中应用及其作用效果

针对煤矿区生态环境修复中存在的主要问题,研究丛枝菌根真菌与紫穗槐共生状况,丛枝菌根真菌对紫穗槐根系发育的影响及其对煤炭开采塌陷区退化土壤的改良效应.结果表明,接种菌根5个月后,接种丛枝菌根促进紫穗槐地上部分和根系生长,提高了紫穗槐根系侵染率;接种区紫穗槐根际土壤中球囊霉素、易提取球囊霉素含量显著增加;接种菌根提高了紫穗槐根际土壤有效磷和有机质含量,微生物数量明显提高,取得较好的菌根生态效应.接种菌根有利于对矿区根际土壤的改良,促进了矿区生态系统稳定,对维持矿区生态系统的持续性具有重要意义.     

金属硫化物矿山水系统中微生物群落组成及多样性

为探索矿山水系统中因采矿活动引起的重金属污染特征和理化性质,以及微生物群落对不同污染水平生境的响应,以中国安徽铜陵狮子山矿区水系统(采矿区废水、堆矿区渗流水、选矿区废水、矿山渗透水和生活池塘水等)为研究对象,通过对水体的理化性质及重金属污染特征分析,并利用Illumina HiSeq 2500测序技术对不同类型废水中微生物群落组成丰度及结构多样性进行了研究,探讨了矿山废水污染特征与微生物群落结构和多样性的相关性.结果表明,水体pH在采矿区(MW1、 MW2)、堆矿区(HW)和选矿区(DW)呈强酸性,矿山水体污染主要来自于采矿活动.不同功能类型废水中微生物群落结构差异显著,其中重金属污染最重的DW的微生物群落多样性和丰度均比其他4个区域弱.高通量测序得到门水平上15门细菌和3门古菌,其中优势细菌群为Proteobacteria、 Bacteroidetes、 Nitrospirae和OD1,优势古菌为Euryarchaeota.PCoA分析表明相似的水体类型的样本聚类相似.相关性热图和典型相关分析(CCA)得到该区域矿山废水中的微生物群落主要受到了pH、电导率(EC)、 SO_4...     

不同地区土壤古菌群落对重金属污染的响应

为探讨农田土壤古菌群落结构与构建机制对不同类型重金属污染的响应特征及影响因素,采集高地质背景区、涉重金属企业和工矿区周边农田土壤样品,通过高通量测序,结合土壤理化性质,对土壤古菌群落组成及构建机制进行研究.结果表明,本研究区域内农田土壤重金属空间异质性高,镉污染较广泛,除工矿区部分土壤样本存在强生态风险,其他样本存在轻微的潜在生态风险.不同地区古菌群落结构差异较大,泉古菌门（Crenarchaeota）为优势菌门,占比62.7%~98.3%,其次为Halobacterota （1.1%~23.2%）.环境因子中,土壤有机质含量、pH、砷和铅含量与古菌群落显著相关（P<0.05）,是古菌群落结构差异的主要驱动因子.零模型分析表明本研究古菌群落在系统发育上聚集,确定性过程驱动古菌群落构建,有机质和pH等环境因子的异质选择作用主导古菌群落形成.因此,环境过滤的确定性作用最终驱动本研究古菌群落构建,环境异质性导致了古菌群落多样性和空间异质性,从而增强古菌抵御环境胁迫的能力,利于农田生态系统功能的稳定性和可持续性.     

四川汉源万顺铅锌矿区蜈蚣草共附生细菌群落结构对重金属的响应特征

为了充分挖掘重金属污染地区植物共附生细菌资源,提高重金属污染土壤生态修复的效率,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis,DGGE)技术,对四川省汉源县万顺铅锌矿区蜈蚣草根状茎中共附生细菌多样性和群落结构进行了研究,并分析了共附生细菌群落结构与蜈蚣草根状茎中有效重金属间的关系.结果表明,不同采样点间的蜈蚣草共附生细菌多样性存在明显差异,多样性指数和丰富度指数均表现为尾矿矿口弃渣区选矿区农田.基于DGGE回收条带序列的系统发育显示,蜈蚣草共附生细菌包括芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacteria)和弯曲杆菌属(Campylobacter)等细菌类群.相关性分析表明,共附生细菌多样性指数和丰富度指数均与有效Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和As含量呈显著正相关(p0.05).冗余分析(Redundancy Analysis,RDA)显示,有效As是影响蜈蚣草共附生细菌群落结构的关键因子,对砷含量较高的采样点,砷对蜈蚣草共附生细菌群落有促进作用,在砷含量相对较低的采样点,共附生细菌群落与砷呈负相关.研究表明,蜈蚣草存在丰富的共附生细菌种群,这些种群受蜈蚣草中有效重金属含量的影响明显,在修复重金属特别是砷污染土壤方面表现出潜在应用价值.     

泗顶矿区6种土地利用类型土壤微生物群落结构特征

以广西柳州泗顶铅锌矿区的玉米地、菜地、灌木、尾矿库、森林和柑橘园6种不同利用类型土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,分析了不同土地利用类型土壤微生物群落结构特征及土壤环境因子对微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,变形菌门（Proteobacteria）是6种土壤的优势菌门,所占比例为31.34%~53.47%,γ-变形菌纲（Gammaproteobacteria）为优势菌纲.冗余分析表明,在重金属含量最高的灌木区,厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的丰度与土壤中铅、锌、镉、铜的含量呈现显著正相关;在土壤钠和钾含量较高的玉米地和菜地,浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）的丰度有所增加,而厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的丰度则有所下降.在土壤有机质含量较高而总氮、总磷含量较低的柑橘园,酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）的丰度较高.芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）和浮霉菌门的丰度与土壤pH值呈显著正相关.研究结果表明土地利用类型及土壤环境因子对土壤微生物群落结构多样性有显著的影响.     

Impact on soil quality of a 10-year-old short-rotation coppice poplar stand compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems in a Mediterranean area

Bioenergy crops play an ecologically and economically fundamental role as an alternative to agri-food productions and as renewable energy sources. Little attention has been focused on soil quality following conversion of agricultural lands to biomass crops. Here, we assessed the impact of a 10-year-old short-rotation coppice (SRC) poplar stand on the main soil chemical parameters, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. Three different harvest frequencies of poplar SRC (annual T1, biannual T2 and triennial T3 cutting cycles) were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed that poplar SRC improved soil quality compared with intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. T1 and T2 positively affected AMF inoculum potential and root colonisation of a co-occurring plant species, while T3 improved the majority of soil chemical and biochemical parameters. Moreover, three different AMF morphospecies belonging to the genera Glomus and Scutellospora were found in poplar SRC, while morphospecies belonging exclusively to genera Glomus were recorded in intensive agricultural and uncultivated systems. Such aspects have agro-ecological implications, since the positive changes of soil nutrient availability and carbon content together with a high abundance and diversity of soil biota show clear soil sustainability of poplar SRC.     

外加不同铁源和丛枝菌根对砷污染土壤上玉米生长及磷、砷吸收的影响

通过盆栽模拟试验研究了添加不同铁源及接种丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuecular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对高砷污染土壤上玉米生长及其吸收磷、砷、铁、锰、铜和锌的影响.试验结果表明,与对照相比,添加硫酸亚铁并接种AMF显著地提高了土壤有效铁、锰含量,降低了土壤中水溶性砷、磷含量以及玉米地上部砷的含量,并极大地增加了植株对磷的吸收,提高了植株体内磷砷吸收量之比,从而明显地改善了植株的菌根建成和生长状况.在不接种情况下,硫酸亚铁和石灰混合处理显著地降低了土壤水溶性砷、磷含量及根系砷含量,并明显增加了磷的吸收以及磷、砷吸收量的比值,使玉米植株生物量和根长增加的幅度较其它铁源处理时更大.尽管添加铁尾矿砂增加了土壤水溶性磷的含量以及植株磷的吸收而在一定程度上改善了玉米的生长,但这种效果以不接种时更为明显,因而有必要根据土壤的污染程度调整铁尾矿砂的添加量和接种抗性菌株,以强化植物的抗砷能力.     

贵州兴仁煤矿开采旧址重金属Cd、 Hg和As在常见蕨类及其根际土壤中的含量与积累特征研究

本文对贵州兴仁某处煤矿区旧址自然定居的优势蕨类7科10属(分别为蕨菜、华中介蕨、栗蕨、狗脊、芒萁、顶芽狗脊、耳羽岩蕨、光里白、蜈蚣草和岭南铁角蕨)及其根际土壤重金属(Cd、Hg和As)含量进行了调查分析。结果表明,植物根际土壤Cd含量为0. 03～1. 9 mg/kg,超过了国家土壤二级标准; Hg和As含量分别为0. 5～15 mg/kg和537～5 330 mg/kg,均超过了国家土壤三级标准,其中As超标严重。蕨类植物中蜈蚣草富集As效果最佳,地上部分As含量达1 710 mg/kg,转运系数为1. 4。岭南铁角蕨地上部分Cd含量可高达1 490μg/kg,转运系数达56,具有极强的Cd富集能力。通过相关性分析发现,蕨类吸收Cd和As的量与根际土p H呈显著正相关关系(P0. 05),吸Hg量则与p H呈显著负相关(P0. 05)。土壤中重金属的可交换态与蕨类对重金属的吸收总量均呈显著正相关关系(P0. 05)。单因子污染指数法计算结果显示,废渣堆附近土壤Hg和As污染十分严重,其中As污染已扩散到下游区域。潜在生态风险程度评估表明,该煤矿区重金属Cd、Hg和As复合污染严重,其高风险程度应引起相关部门重视。     

重庆秀山锰矿区土壤和植物锰污染调查与评价

文章通过现场取样对重庆秀山锰矿区锰污染状况进行了调查分析。应用地积累指数法对锰矿区矿渣堆以及农田土壤Mn污染进行评价,结果表明矿区土壤及部分农田土壤Mn污染极其严重。矿区植物对Mn的吸收表现为富集型植物(如垂序商陆Phytolacca americana Linn.)、根部囤积型植物(如紫花香薷Elsholfizia argyi Levl.)、规避型植物(如长波叶山蚂蝗Desmodium sequax Wall.),可根据其特点通过制定合理的植被恢复措施修复Mn污染土壤。采用单项污染指数法对矿区种植蔬菜的Mn污染水平进行评价,发现辣椒、萝卜的食用部分受Mn污染极严重,长期食用这些蔬菜对人体健康存在很大风险。     

汤旺河国家公园不同演替阶段森林土壤细菌多样性变化规律

为了解红松湿生演替系列过程中土壤生境及土壤细菌多样性的变化规律,以小兴安岭汤旺河国家公园的白桦次生林、人工针阔混交林和原始云冷杉红松林为研究对象,分别代表湿生演替系列的演替先锋群落、演替中期群落和演替顶级群落,采用高通量测序的方法分析森林土壤细菌的多样性变化规律.结果表明:汤旺河国家公园从先锋演替到顶级演替阶段,森林土壤中w（OC）、w（TN）、w（AN）、w（AP）和w（AK）升高,而pH降低.此次分析土壤细菌包括16门27纲52目60科75属,其中Acidobacteria、Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes为共有的优势菌门（相对丰度>1%）.演替先锋阶段（白桦次生林）Proteobacteria相对丰度最高,然而演替后期（云冷杉红松林）Acidobacteria相对丰度最高.通过冗余分析和相关性分析发现,不同演替阶段的森林土壤细菌多样性与土壤中w（OC）呈显著负相关,与土壤中w（TK）呈显著负相关,与土壤中w（AK）呈极显著负相关.研究显示,土壤细菌群落结构和多样性在不同湿生演替阶段有明显差异,主要可能受到土壤中w（OC）、w（TK）和w（AK）的影响.      

生物合成Bio-MnOx对砷污染土壤的稳定化效果分析

通过室内模拟实验,研究了生物合成锰氧化物（Bio-MnO_x）材料对污染土壤中砷（As）的稳定化效果。结果表明:1）Bio-MnO_x的加入能够有效降低砷的浸出量,其中水溶性砷含量由2.28 mg/kg降至0.86 mg/kg,减少62.3%;2）五步连续法浸提结果发现,Bio-MnO_x处理后水溶态砷和表面吸附态砷的相对含量显著降低;3）风险分析进一步表明Bio-MnO_x处理后砷的环境风险降低;4）基于细菌16s RNA生物多样性分析表明,经过Bio-MnO_x处理后,土壤微生物多样性的丰富度显著增加;5）微生物群落结构分析发现,土壤微生物群落结构发生明显演替,属水平下的细菌结构由芽孢杆菌属向梭状芽孢菌属、丛毛单胞菌属、敏感梭菌属等转变。总体而言,Bio-MnO_x是一种比较有效的修复砷污染土壤的生物材料。     

长期石油污染对盐碱化土壤中微生物群落分子生态网络的影响

长期石油污染改变了土壤微生物群落组成,降低了群落多样性,对生态系统造成严重的威胁.为了探讨长期石油污染对盐碱化土壤中微生物物种间相互作用关系的影响,采集胜利油田石油污染土壤和未污染土壤,利用随机矩阵方法构建分子生态网络.结果发现,污染土壤和未污染土壤中微生物功能基因组的分子生态网络存在显著差异(P0.001).与未污染土壤相比,污染土壤的网络节点数、连接数、平均连通度、模块数和模块性都显著降低,说明在石油污染的影响下土壤微生物网络拓扑结构发生变化;污染土壤和未污染土壤的模块枢纽基因、连接器基因均没有重叠,模块枢纽基因和连接器基因的网络拓扑角色发生了变化.通过构建烷烃、多环芳烃降解基因网络,发现负相互作用的比例较大,这可能反映了微生物功能群落间的竞争关系.     

磺胺甲(口恶)唑污染土壤中微生物群落结构与抗生素抗性基因的分布特征

采用盆栽实验模拟磺胺甲■唑污染,通过Illumina高通量测序研究了土壤微生物群落组成的变化,应用普通PCR和微滴数字PCR技术分析了6种抗生素抗性基因的64个抗性基因亚型的分布特征.结果表明,土壤受不同浓度磺胺甲■唑污染120 d后,土壤真菌的多样性无明显变化(P0.05),但土壤细菌的多样性显著降低了(P0.05),土壤细菌和真菌群落结构均发生显著改变,且不同浓度磺胺甲■唑处理土壤的优势细菌与真菌在属水平上存在明显差异.磺胺甲■唑污染使土壤中抗生素抗性基因的多样性增加,且能显著提高磺胺抗性基因sul1的丰度(P0.05),但对磺胺抗性基因sul2、喹诺酮抗性基因floR与cmlA 1、四环素抗性基因tet(34)、tetG 2、tetG 1、tetM与tetA/P的丰度均无显著性影响(P0.05).