磷和硫对空心菜吸收砷的影响

本文通过水培空心菜中砷与磷以及砷与硫配比试验，研究了ＰＯ＾３－４和ＡｓＯ＾３－４以及ＳＯ＾２－４和ＡｓＯ３＾３－４共存对空心菜生长及砷累积的影响。结果表明：５ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１ＰＯ＾３－４或ＳＯ＾２－４时，ＡｓＯ＾３－４显著降低空心菜产量，ＰＯ＾３－４和ＳＯ＾２－４含量提高到３０－１００ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１时，空心菜产量明显提高。．     

土壤中水溶性有机碳与铜的相互影响

通过向土壤溶液中加入Ｃｕ２＋和可溶性有机碳(ＤＯＣ),研究它们之间的相互作用．结果发现,加入铜可以显著改变土壤水溶性有机碳(ＷＳＯＣ)的吸着平衡,并降低了其水溶性．影响程度在０．８ｍｍｏｌ·ｌ－１Ｃｕ以下随铜浓度的增加而增加．加入０．５ｍｍｏｌ·ｌ－１铜的土壤中 ＷＳＯＳ含量从 ０．２７ｍｇ Ｃ·ｇ－１降至０．０４７ｍｇ Ｃ·ｇ－１,吸着系数从６．６×１０－３ｌ·ｇ－１降至３．３×１０－３ｌ·ｇ－１．另一方面,用Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ方程描述铜离子在土壤中的吸附行为(液相浓度单位取ｍｍｏｌ·ｌ－１,固相浓度取ｍｍｏｌ·ｇ－１土),ｋ＝９．ｌ×１０－３;ｎ＝３．４０． 加入ＤＯＣ后,ｋ＝９．２×１０－３;ｎ＝３．６６,没有明显改变土壤对铜的吸附性能．加入小同浓度的ＤＯＣ,结果仍说明该浓度范围内ＤＯＣ(＜８ｍｇ Ｃ·ｌ－１)的加入没有明显改变土壤对铜的吸附性能．     

复合铁铝氢氧化物对As(Ⅴ)的吸附作用

从吸附剂的组成、结构、表面性质、溶液的酸度及砷的存在形式等方面探讨了复合铁铝氢氧化物(Fe5Al2(OH)21.nH2O)对溶液中As(Ⅴ)的吸附.结果表明,该吸附剂具有微晶体的结构特征,孔径小,比表面积大,等电位点pH值为8.3;在pH为4-8的溶液中,对As(Ⅴ)的吸附能力很强,饱和吸附容量Qm分别为:0.7901(pH5),0.5981(pH7)和0.3033 (pH9)mol·kg-1, 常见共存离子不影响砷的吸附.Langmiur方程能很好地描述实验的吸附等温线.吸附态 As(Ⅴ)的解吸量随解吸剂pH值的升高而增大.     

转化血型用蕃茄α－D－半乳糖苷酶的分离、纯化及理化性质

成熟蕃茄匀浆后，经硫酸铵盐析，ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０离子交换层析，ＳｅｐａｄｅｘＧ－１００凝胶过滤和Ｍｅｌｉｂｉｏｓｅ－Ａｇａｒｏｓｅ亲和层析，获得了α－Ｄ－半乳糖苷酶（Ｃ．Ｅ．３．２．１．１１）。酶制剂经ＰＡＧＥ检测为一条带；ＳＤＳ－Ｇ－ＰＡＧＥ测得酶Ｍｒ为３４０００；比活力５２．９Ｕ／ｍｇ·；提纯倍数为５２９０１产率为４５％．酶专－催化以α－Ｄ－半乳糖为末端ａ－（１，３）连接的糖苷键，以ＰＮＰＧ（对硝基苯－α－Ｄ－半乳糖昔）为废物，酶催化反应的Ｋｍ＝０．１１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｖｍａｘ为６７μｍｏｌ·ｍｇ１－·ｍｉｎ－１．ｔ稳定范是０～３５℃；ＰＨ稳定范围是４．０～７．０．最适ｐＨ为５．１．半乳糖是酶的竞争性抑制剂；Ｃｕ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋、Ｍｎ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｇ＋和ＥＤＴＡ对酶活性无影响．纯酶制剂可作为Ｂ型血向Ｏ型血转化的工具酶液．     

富勒烯的吸附性及其在大气挥发性有机物分析中的应用

富勒烯不含官能团，对挥发性有机物具有化学惰性，能在效地吸附ＶＯＣｓ，吸附ＶＯＣｓ气体后存放稳定，组分流失少，９种ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１级ＶＯＣｓ在富勒烯吸附管上的吸附突破体积为１４．８－４８．０Ｌ．ｇ＾－１，吸附－热脱附回收率在８６．５－１２３％之间。     

改性绿茶对汞的吸附研究——汞的形态分析

试验了用改性绿茶分离，冷原子吸收光谱法测定无机汞，烷基汞和苯基汞的条件。在ｐＨ５的溶液中吸附无机汞，与有机汞分离；在ｐＨ１的溶液中吸附有机汞，然后分别以１．５，３．０和６．０ｍｏｌ·１＾－１盐酸解吸无机汞，烷基汞和苯基汞，用冷原子吸收光谱法测定汞，探讨了吸附机理，分析了牡蛎和水样中汞的形态。     

硫化亚铁处理含砷废水中砷的形态变化

本文对用硫化亚铁处理含砷废水时，在气相、液相和固相中砷的形态进行了研究结果表明，在气相中无ＡａＨ３，但在Ａｓ（Ｖ）废水的液相中有Ａｓ（Ｖ）和Ａｓ（Ⅲ）共同存在，在固相中有Ａｓ（０），ＦｅＡｓＯ４（ＦｅＡｓＯ３），Ａｓ２Ｓ３（Ａｓ２Ｓ５）和吸附砷，砷的形态变化表明，硫化亚铁处理含砷废水能取得良好的效果，是沉淀、沉淀转化、氧化还原、吸附共沉淀和中和五种反应共同作用的结果。     

真养产碱杆菌ATCC17699生产聚β－羟基丁酸摇瓶发酵条件的研究

在摇瓶条件下，首先对Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ生产ＰＨＢ的一步法和二步法进行了比较研究，然后探讨了Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ对不同碳源的利用情况，提出了较佳的ＰＨＢ发酵条件，并分析了ＰＨＢ的发酵过程曲线．研究结果表明，本研究采用的Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ以一步法生产ＰＨＢ较为适宜，其对３种不同碳源的利用能力为：果糖＞丁酸＞葡萄糖；培养基中的丁酸浓度和ｐＨ值对ＰＨＢ发酵的生产指标和动力学参数有较大影响，其最佳值为１．８％和ｐＨ为０．８；最终发酵过程达到细胞于重ρ＝７．２ｇ·Ｌ－１，胞内ＰＨＢ含量ρ＝５．０ｇ·Ｌ－１，ω（ＰＨＢ）占细胞干重７２．２％．     

高山红景天愈伤组织的诱导及培养研究

分别以高山红景天根、茎、叶及种子萌发的子叶为外植体诱导出５种愈伤组织，并比较了这５种愈伤组织的生长速率及红景天甙的积累能力。通过对茎诱导愈伤组织的继代培养，初步选择了适宜的激素配比为３ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡＡ＋０．３ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ，最适温度范围为２１－２５℃，ｐＨ值为５．８。光照对愈伤组织生长影响不显著，但不利于红景天甙的合成。     

食酸丛毛单胞菌AN3菌株降解苯胺的研究

报道了各种环境因子对食酸丛毛单胞菌ＡＮ３菌株完整细胞降解苯胺的影响．在良好的通气条件下,该菌株完整细胞降解苯胺,最适湿细胞质量浓度ρＦＷ（ｃｅｌ）＝２０ｇ／Ｌ、最适ｐＨ和温度θ分别为７．０和３０℃,苯胺ρ＝１３００ｍｇ／Ｌ左右,经过６ｈ的作用即可被完全降解;各种有机物如葡萄糖和蛋白胨对苯胺的降解均有延缓的作用：除Ｈｇ２＋和Ａｇ＋外,其他重金属离子对苯胺降解抑制作用较小     

Application of magnesite–bentonite clay composite as an alternative technology for removal of arsenic from industrial effluents

This study evaluated the feasibility of integrating amorphous magnesite and bentonite clay (composite) as an alternative technology for removing arsenic from industrial effluents. The removal of arsenic from industrial effluents by using magnesite–bentonite clay composite was carried out in batch mode. The effects of equilibration time, adsorbent dosage, adsorbate concentration, and pH on removal of arsenic were investigated. The experiments demonstrated that ≈100% arsenic removal is optimum at 30 minutes of agitation, 2 g of adsorbent dosage (2 g: 100 mL, S/L ratio), and 20 mg L^?1 of arsenic concentration. The adsorption data fitted well to both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, hence proving monolayer and multilayer adsorption. The kinetic studies revealed that the data fitted better to a pseudo-second-order reaction than to a pseudo-first-order reaction, hence proving chemisorption. At optimized conditions, the composite was able to remove arsenic to below World Health Organization water quality guidelines, hence depicting that the composite is effective and efficient in removing arsenic from contaminated water. Based on that, this comparative study proves that the composite is a promising adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for arsenic and can be a suitable substitute for the conventional treatment methods.     

Removal of arsenate from water by adsorbents: a comparative case study

Laboratory and field filtration experiments were conducted to study the effectiveness of As(V) removal for five types of adsorbent media. The media included activated alumina (AA), modified activated alumina (MAA), granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), granular ferric oxide (GFO), and granular titanium dioxide (TiO?). In laboratory batch and column experiments, the synthetic challenge water was used to evaluate the effectiveness for five adsorbents. The results of the batch experiments showed that the As(V) adsorption decreased as follows at pH 6.5: TiO? > GFO > GFH > MAA > AA. At pH 8.5, however, As(V) removal decreased in the following order: GFO = TiO? > GFH > MAA > AA. In column experiments, at pH 6.5, the adsorbed As(V) for adsorbents followed the order: TiO? > GFO > GFH, whereas at pH 8.5 the order became: GFO = TiO? > GFH when the challenge water containing 50 μg/L of As(V) was used. Field filtration experiments were carried out in parallel at a wellhead in New Jersey. Before the effluent arsenic concentration increased to 10 μg/L, approximately 58,000 and 41,500 bed volumes of groundwater containing an average of 47 μg/L of As(V) were treated by the filter system packed with GFO and TiO?, respectively. The As(V) adsorption decreased in the following sequence: GFO > TiO? > GFH > MAA > AA. Filtration results demonstrated that GFO and TiO? adsorbents could be used as media in small community filtration systems for As(V) removal.     

Removal of chromium(VI) by ZnCl2 activated coir pith carbon

The adsorption of chromium(VI) onto ZnCl₂ activated carbon developed from coir pith was investigated to assess the possible use of this adsorbent. The influence of contact time, adsorbent dose, Cr(VI) concentration, pH and temperature were investigated. The two theoretical adsorption isotherms, namely, Langmuir and Freundlich were used to describe the experimental results. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Q ₀) was found to be 120.5?mg Cr(VI) per g of the adsorbent. The adsorption followed the second-order kinetics and was found to be maximum at pH 2.0. The pH effect and the desorption studies showed that ion exchange mechanism might be involved in the adsorption process. The effects of foreign ions such as chloride, sulphate, phosphate, selenite, molybdate, nitrate and perchlorate on the removal of Cr(VI) have been investigated. The removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic ground water was also tested. The results show that ZnCl₂ activated coir pith carbon is effective for the removal of Cr(VI) from water.     

富磷污泥生物炭去除水中Pb(Ⅱ)的特性研究

以城市污水厂富磷剩余污泥为研究对象,考察高温热解制备生物炭吸附剂对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除效果.研究表明,随着热解温度升高,制备的生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附能力增强;在相同热解温度下,生污泥生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附能力比消化污泥生物炭大.采用700℃热解1 h制备生污泥生物炭以研究对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附的影响因素,结果显示:吸附180 min达到吸附平衡;富磷污泥生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率随pH增加而升高;生物炭投加量增加,对Pb(Ⅱ)去除率上升,而单位吸附容量迅速减小.污泥生物炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附符合准二级反应动力学,Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地拟合等温吸附线.在pH 5.0、吸附时间3 h、生物炭投加量20 g.L-1条件下,对Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量为34.5 mg.g-1,表明富磷污泥生物炭可以作为一种廉价的吸附剂.     

Removal of arsenic (V) from aqueous medium using manganese oxide coated lignocellulose/silica adsorbents

Arsenic (V) adsorption on manganese oxide coated rice wastes was investigated in this study. The modified adsorbents were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and pH measurements to determine the point of zero charge. Batch adsorption equilibrium experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, contact time, and initial concentration on arsenic removal efficiency. The adsorption capacity of rice waste was significantly improved after modification with permanganate. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich model which confirms surface homogeneity of the adsorbent. Maxima adsorption capacities are determined as 10 and 12 mg/g at pH 3 for manganese oxide coated rice husk and straw, respectively. The adsorption energy indicates that the adsorption process may be dominated by chemisorption. Pseudo-second-order rate equation described the kinetics sorption of arsenic with good correlation coefficients, better than a pseudo-first-order equation. Manganese oxide coated rice husk and straw appear to be promising low cost adsorbents for removing arsenic from water.     

Leaching of arsenic from coal fly ashes 2. Arsenic pre‐leaching with sodium gluconate solution

The present study deals with the development of an efficient and reliable process for safe disposal of coal fly ash to remove arsenic that has been found to be the most easily leachable and hazardous heavy metal in coal fly ash. Pre‐leaching of fly ash prior to disposal by a natural chelating agent, sodium gluconate (SG), was proposed and studied. Several operational factors influencing arsenic leachability, such as concentration of SG solution, liquid to solid ratio, pH, length of leaching time and leaching temperature were examined. Arsenic was found to leach out substantially with SG, but almost no further release was observed from the ash pre‐leached by SG. After the pre‐leaching treatment, the desirable high buffering capacity of the ash was well sustained. SG solution was effectively regenerated by activated alumina adsorption so that it could be successfully reused for multiple leaching/adsorption cycles.     

Cd(Ⅱ)与As(Ⅴ)在土壤铁氧化物和细菌表面上的共吸附研究

中国南方土壤常常受到镉砷复合污染,镉砷的化学特性截然不同,因此在土壤不同组分表面的化学行为存在显著区别。在南方偏酸性土壤中铁氧化物占固相比例很大,基于此,选取两种典型土壤组分,即铁氧化物(针铁矿)和微生物(蜡状芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus),通过批吸附实验结合X-射线光电子能谱探究Cd(Ⅱ)与As(Ⅴ)的共吸附特点和潜在机制,得到如下结果:在单一体系中,针铁矿对As(V)的亲和力较强,Langmuir模型拟合得到最大吸附量为1259.82 mmol·kg^-1,而蜡状芽孢杆菌对Cd(Ⅱ)的亲和力较强,最大吸附量可达1291.64 mmol·kg^-1。XPS结果表明,针铁矿表面铁羟基和细菌表面羧基和酰胺/胺基在Cd(Ⅱ)、As(Ⅴ)吸附过程中发挥主导作用;在Cd(Ⅱ)-As(Ⅴ)复合体系中,可能形成吸附剂-Cd-As或吸附剂-As-Cd三元络合物。该研究证实,镉砷在典型土壤铁氧矿物体系中的吸附存在普遍的促进效应,在微生物体系中存在不同程度的抑制,Cd(Ⅱ)与As(Ⅴ)的共吸附规律在土壤矿物和微生物上存在区别,这也意味着在土壤根际土壤与非根际土壤中有较大差异。因此在预测土壤Cd(Ⅱ)、As(Ⅴ)共存规律时也要考虑土壤组成,特别是有机物的含量等因素。该研究结果可为预测镉、砷在土壤组分上的迁移转化行为提供参考,为调控镉砷形态,对预测镉、砷在土壤中的生物地球化学循环有一定的参考价值。     

Removal of arsenate from water by adsorbents: a comparative case study

Laboratory and field filtration experiments were conducted to study the effectiveness of As(V) removal for five types of adsorbent media. The media included activated alumina (AA), modified activated alumina (MAA), granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), granular ferric oxide (GFO), and granular titanium dioxide (TiO₂). In laboratory batch and column experiments, the synthetic challenge water was used to evaluate the effectiveness for five adsorbents. The results of the batch experiments showed that the As(V) adsorption decreased as follows at pH 6.5: TiO₂ > GFO > GFH > MAA > AA. At pH 8.5, however, As(V) removal decreased in the following order: GFO = TiO₂ > GFH > MAA > AA. In column experiments, at pH 6.5, the adsorbed As(V) for adsorbents followed the order: TiO₂ > GFO > GFH, whereas at pH 8.5 the order became: GFO = TiO₂ > GFH when the challenge water containing 50 μg/L of As(V) was used. Field filtration experiments were carried out in parallel at a wellhead in New Jersey. Before the effluent arsenic concentration increased to 10 μg/L, approximately 58,000 and 41,500 bed volumes of groundwater containing an average of 47 μg/L of As(V) were treated by the filter system packed with GFO and TiO₂, respectively. The As(V) adsorption decreased in the following sequence: GFO > TiO₂ > GFH > MAA > AA. Filtration results demonstrated that GFO and TiO₂ adsorbents could be used as media in small community filtration systems for As(V) removal.     

Adsorptive separation of phosphate oxyanion from aqueous solution using an inorganic adsorbent

Phosphate removal from aqueous solution was explored using granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) as an inorganic adsorbent. Adsorption, desorption and kinetic studies were conducted on laboratory scale to evaluate the performance of GFH as an adsorbent for low concentrations of phosphate solution. The effect of pH on adsorption was investigated, and phosphate uptake was shown to decrease with an increase in solution pH, with maximum removal seen to occur at pH 3. The experimental data best fit the Temkin isotherm at both pH 3 and 4. Uptake of phosphate by GFH follows second-order kinetics, with the small particle range (76–200 μm) removing phosphate from the solution more rapidly than the larger particle range (710–850 μm). The kinetic results suggest that intra-particle diffusion is an important factor in phosphate adsorption onto GFH. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°) were evaluated, and the results indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. This study demonstrates that GFH has potential to be used as a cost-effective adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution.     

海泡石黏土矿物对Cu2+的吸附动力学研究

研究分析了海泡石黏土矿物对铜离子的吸附性能和动力学特征,结果表明,海泡石黏土矿物对Cu~(2 )吸附的最佳pH值为6.0左右,随着pH值的增大,吸附作用减弱;在[Cu~(2 )]=100mg·l~(-1),溶液pH值为6,吸附时间为2h时,添加0.1 g海泡石,海泡石对Cu~(2 )的吸附去除率仅为39.5%,当海泡石用量提高至0.4 g时,其对Cu~(2 )的吸附去除率提高到94.8%;实验结果同样显示,18min内有90%的Cu~(2 )被海泡石吸附,随着吸附时间的增加,吸附作用趋于稳定,2h可达到吸附平衡。该吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程.同时,分别采用拟一级模型和拟二级模型考察了吸附动力学,并计算了这些动力学模型的速率常数.实验数据和拟二级模型计算结果之间有较好的相关性.