农业生态系统的氮素循环研究进展

在自然和人为作用的双重驱动下,地球表面氮素的生物地球化学过程及其环境效应成为当前全球变化中区域研究的重要内容。探讨了氮素循环各个过程及其数量特征,对氮素循环模型进行了介绍,并对当前生态系统中氮素循环的研究热点进行了简要的论述。     

饮食业油烟净化设备需要市场化管理

对当前市场油烟净化装置进行了分类，对油烟治理中存在的问题进行了分析，对引入市场机制、强化烟气治理，实现蓝天工程目标，提出了自己的独到见解。     

猪瘟流行现状、特点及防制策略

本文对当前猪瘟的流行现状和新特点进行了论述并提出了针对性的防制策略．     

高校贫困学生群体的引导和管理

高校贫困学生群体问题已经成为带有普遍社会性的问题.“政府、学校、家庭、社会”如何对高校贫困学生群体进行正确引导和有效管理,直接影响高校当前的发展与稳定,现对高校贫困学生群体的引导和管理进行探讨.参5.     

代理问题和企业制度变迁

本文运用制度变迁理论从委托代理关系-两个方面(代理成本和代理收益)对企业制变迁进行较为深入的分析,并对当前我国国有企业如何防范代理问题提出了几点建议.     

轮作休耕问题探讨

轮作休耕制度是中国农业供给侧结构性改革的有效手段,也是现代农业可持续发展的有效途径之一,如何实施轮作休耕成为了中国当前农业发展的重要议题。因此,文章首先对轮作休耕的提出、内涵进行了分析。其次,从恢复地力、农业供给侧结构性改革和农产品质量方面分别分析了轮作休耕的必要性、重要性和紧迫性。再次,对国内外轮作休耕的发展及其成效进行了论述。最后,从加强认识、确定面积、分区实施、补偿到位、规范管理和开展研究六大方面,提出了中国实行轮作休耕的对策和措施。文章对当前中国各地正在进行的轮作休耕试点具有参考价值。     

基于CLUE-S和InVEST模型的五马河流域生态系统服务多情景评估

开展生态系统服务量化评估是科学进行生态系统管理的前提,对保障区域可持续发展和人类福祉意义重大。基于生态系统服务和交易的综合评估模型(In VEST),耦合小区域土地利用转换及其效应模型(CLUE-S),对五马河流域当前土地覆盖条件下及2030年2种土地覆盖情景[经济发展情景(SED)和生态保护情景(SEP)]下的产水、营养物质输移和沉积物持留3项生态系统服务进行量化评估。结果表明,当前流域的总产水量、总氮输出量、总磷输出量、沉积物持留量分别约为2.7×108m3、630 t、142 t和2×108t。经济发展情景下2030年流域上述3项生态系统服务的物质量相对于当前变化均不明显。生态保护情景下2030年流域总产水量相对于当前将减少约600×104m3,总氮和总磷输出量分别减少约34.8%和35.4%,沉积物持留量增加约0.7×106t。总体而言,五马河流域上述3项生态系统服务与土地覆盖状况密切相关,生态保护情景下2030年上述3项生态系统服务功能较当前将有明显提高。     

我国菌根研究进展及展望

在总结分析1998～2002年期间发表的菌根学文献的基础上，对我国近年来菌根学取得的主要研究成果进行了评述，分析了当前我国菌根学研究的优势与不足之处，阐明了当前我国菌根学研究的主要方向和取得的成果，在此基础上，结合国际上菌根学研究的热点与趋势，提出我国菌根学下一步发展的目标和思路．图1表1参57     

退化坡地土壤改良与发展绿色食品生产的途径--以广东省五华县河东镇农业开发基地为例

在对广东省五华县河东镇农业开发基地土壤调查研究的基础上,对该基地坡地土壤肥力现状及存在问题进行了分析与评价,提出了土壤改良途径;结合基地的情况与当前绿色食品发展的形势,提出了在退化坡地发展绿色食品生产的技术措施。     

污染土壤的修复技术研究进展

分析了当前我国严峻的土壤环境状况，并从重金属和有机污染物两个方面，全面介绍了当前污染土壤的各种修复技术，包括物理化学修复方法、植物修复方法和微生物修复方法等；对各种方法的修复原理、已取得的研究进展、存在的优缺点及其将来的发展趋势进行了较全面的综述和展望。文章认为，污染土壤修复将是一项非常具有挑战性同时又是一项非常有前途的修复技术，将会对人类健康和经济可持续发展发挥重要作用。     

中国废电池管理对策分析

针对废电池管理体系中存在的管理法规不完善，回收体系不健全，适宜的管理运行机制等问题，探讨了如何加强废电池环境无割化管理的方法，提出加强管理法规建设、完善废电池自愿、强制回收体系、     

回收废旧镍氢电池中有价金属实验研究及成本估算

对采用全部氧化分步还原方法从废旧镍氢电池中回收氯化镍和氯化钴产品进行较系统的研究，确定了该方法的工艺参数，并根据实验数据进行投入产出估算。     

Selective separation of cobalt versus nickel by split-phosphinate complexation using a phosphonium-based ionic liquid

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The rising demand of metals for batteries is calling for advanced methods to separate metallic mixtures in mineral ores and electronic waste. In particular, the...     

废电池中重金属溶出特性及对海洋生物的毒性效应(Dissolved Characteristics of Heavy Metal in Waste Battery and Toxic Effect on Marine Organisms)

针对渔用废电池被大量丢弃在海洋中的现象,分别开展了废电池中主要重金属离子溶出特性试验和废电池浸出液对不同海洋生物急性毒性效应的研究.试验结果显示,在盐度为20的40L海水中自然浸泡状态下(45节电池),松下一号锌锰废电池溶出液中铅、镉、汞溶出浓度不断增加,但溶出速率较慢.单节电池在第60d,铅、镉和汞溶出总量分别为2.08μg、0.52μg和0.60μg,溶出率分别为0.004%、0.018%和1.263%;第210d铅、镉和汞溶出总量分别为28.76μg、6.38μg和1.02μg,溶出率分别为0.057%、0.224%和2.147%.一节废电池中铅、镉和汞总量在1L海水中全部溶出后浓度分别可达到50445μg·L-1、2850μg·L-1和47.5μg·L-1,分别是我国渔业水质标准(GB11607-89)的1009倍、570倍和95倍.废电池浸出液对不同受试生物的急性毒性试验结果表明,当废电池浸出液混合浓度中铅、镉和汞浓度分别为3.39μg·L-1、0.64μg·L-1和0.76μg·L-1时(45节电池40L海水浸泡60d),对黑鲷、脊尾白虾和缢蛏的96h半致死浓度值分别为溶出液混合浓度的5.13%、4.87%和6.71%,废电池浸出液中各重金属离子对海洋生物毒性具有非常强的协同作用.在鱼、虾、贝三类受试生物中,贝类对废电池溶出液毒性的耐受能力最强,鱼类次之,虾类最弱.     

End-of-life batteries management and material flow analysis in South Korea

Analysis of collection and recycling system of end-of-life batteries was examined. Relatively limited fractions of portable batteries were collected by EPR system. More effective and diverse collection pathways should be developed. Consumers increasingly have worn-out batteries as electrical and electronic equipment with new technical developments are introduced into the market and quickly replace older models. As a result, large amounts of end-of-life (EOL) or waste batteries are generated. Such batteries may contain a variety of materials that includes valuable resources as well as toxic elements. Thus, the proper recycling and management of batteries is very important from the perspective of resource conservation and environmental effect. The collection and recycling of EOL batteries is relatively low in South Korea compared to other countries, although an extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy was adopted for battery recycling in 2003. In this study, the management and material flow of EOL batteries is presented to determine potential problems and quantitative flow, based on literature review, site visits to battery recycling facilities, and interviews with experts in the Korea Battery Recycling Association (KBRA), manufacturers, and regulators in government. The results show that approximately 558 tons of manganese-alkaline batteries, the largest fraction among recycling target items, was disposed in landfills or incinerators in 2015, while approximately 2,000 tons of batteries were recovered at a recycling facility by simple sorting and crushing processes. By raising environmental awareness, more diverse and effective collection systems could be established for consumers to easily dispose of EOL batteries in many places. Producers, retailers and distributors in South Korea should also play an important role in the collection of EOL batteries from consumers. Lithium-ion batteries from many electronic devices must be included in the EPR system for resource recovery.     

Batterienrecycling: Möglichkeiten zur Erhöhung der Rücklaufquote

Separate collection and exploitation of used batteries facilates the recycling and eventual waste management of such heavy metals as mercury and cadmium. It is thereby possible to regain raw materials like zinc, manganese and iron for the raw material cycle. Although the collection and recycling of used batteries in Switzerland is financed by a prepaid disposal fee, their returning rate of almost 60% is too low for several reasons. A questionnaire survey carried out on 2000 households revealed the following frequenthy: People collecting paper, glass, aluminium, compost and tinplate, are more separate used batteries from ordinary garbage. The number of collecting points is supposed to be sufficient, but not all of them are sufficiently marked. The prepaid disposal fee (VEG) should become obligatory so that it would be possible to compensate the collecting points. It is not obvious from the results of the survey if the introduction of a deposit of batteries would raise the retourning rate. As far as advertising is concerned, only the “battery bag” sent to every household by the BESO seemed to influence the collecting behaviour in a positive way, poster advertising had only little effect. Appeals in newspapers, radio and television did not show any changement of the collecting behaviour. However, information and knowledge about batteries and their recycling do have a positive influence in the collecting behaviour of the consumers in this specific case.     

Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies

• Implication of COVID-19 on medical waste and MSW generation is studied. • Challenges and effective strategy of solid waste generation is reviewed. • 2.9 million tons of COVID-19 related medical waste has been generated until Sep. 22. • The pandemic has postponed policies related to the reduction of plastic use. • Blockade resulted in a significant drop in waste generation in some regions. It has been over ten months since the beginning of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-2019), and its impact on solid waste management, especially medical waste, is becoming clearer. This study systematically reviews the potential influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical waste, personal protection equipment waste and municipal solid waste (MSW), and discusses the corresponding measures and policies of solid waste management in typical countries. The results show that the generation of medical waste from the pandemic increased significantly, with 18%‒425% growth. It is estimated that the daily output of COVID-19 medical waste increased from 200 t/d on Feb. 22 to over 29000 t/d at the end of September 2020 throughout the world. The use of personal protective equipment will continue to grow in the long-term, while the blockade and isolation measures greatly reduced the volume of commercial waste, especially for tourist cities, and part of this waste was transferred to household waste. Residents’ attitudes and behavior toward food waste have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to the pandemic, international organizations and several countries have issued new policies and guidelines and adjusted their management strategies for medical waste and MSW treatment. The pandemic has brought specific challenges to the disposal capacity of medical waste worldwide. It has also brought about the stagnation of policies related to the reduction of plastic products and waste recycling. This study will provide some useful information for managers and governmental officials on effective solid waste management during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.     

ATC废液的几种物化处理单元技术

ＡＴＣ废液具有高ＣＯＤ、高含盐量，以及生物降解的特点。本文分析了ＡＴＣ废液的水质特点，介绍了酸忻，氧化，混凝等几种处理ＡＴＣ废液的物化单元技术，并据此总结出一条对ＡＴＣ废液进行物化预处理的优选路线。     

深圳盐田垃圾场对周围土壤污染状况分析

结合深圳市盐田区垃圾场处置工程,对垃圾场周围土壤污染状况进行了分析研究。结果表明,盐田垃圾场主场垃圾已对周围环境造成二次污染：除Ｈｇ、Ｎｉ含量降低外,低位土壤的其余重金属含量大于高位土壤表明周围土壤已受到垃圾堆放场的重金属污染。     

气相色谱法测定工业废水中联苯与菲

文章研究了一种新的测定废水中联苯及菲含量的方法，该方法采用气相色谱薄涂柱，对联苯与菲进行了有效的分离与测定。该方法具有固定液用量少，柱温低，分离效果好，分析速度快等特点，利用该对废水样进行了测定，取得了满意的结果。