不同基质及硒添加量对蚯蚓生长、繁殖和富硒能力的影响

蚯蚓是潜在的富硒蛋白饲料.在大棚环境条件下采用不同配比的3种农业废弃物(牛粪、菌渣和残余菜叶)和低浓度硒(Na_2SeO_3,0/20/40 mg/kg)对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)进行培养,研究不同培养基质和硒添加量对蚯蚓生长繁殖和富硒能力的影响.结果发现,培养45 d后,与相同浓度硒处理的其他3组基质[纯牛粪、牛粪+菌渣+菜叶(干重比为6/2/2和3/6/1)]相比,牛粪+菌渣组(干重比为1/1)蚯蚓总生物量、蚓茧数、蚓体硒富集量和富集系数均达到最大,其中总生物量比培养前最大增加了18.21%,每100条蚯蚓产蚓茧数量达68.35-72.45个,蚓体硒富集量最高达到151.56mg/kg,蚓体硒富集系数最大为4.91.当硒添加浓度为20 mg/kg和40 mg/kg时,以牛粪+菌渣+菜叶为基质的两组(干重比为6/2/2,3/6/1)在培养初期对蚯蚓活性和培养后的总生物量增加均有一定的抑制作用,蚯蚓总生物量最大降低了8.48%.在不同基质培养条件下,外源添加硒对蚓体硒富集量和硒富集系数增加有促进作用,蚓体硒富集量与基质硒添加量均呈现出剂量-效应关系.上述结果表明,赤子爱胜蚓对硒具有极强的富集能力且培养基质种类对蚯蚓的生长繁殖具有很大的影响,牛粪和菌渣组合(干重比为1/1)是最佳的富硒蚯蚓培养基质且基质硒添加浓度≤40 mg/kg不影响蚯蚓生长繁殖.(图3表4参25)     

硒胁迫螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)集落形成及富硒稳定性

探讨在琼脂糖半固体培养基中硒胁迫螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis,SP)集落形成及其富硒稳定性.培养基中添加亚硒酸钠,硒含量分别为2.5mmolL-1、5mmolL-1和10mmolL-1,培养并观察螺旋藻集落形成,挑取藻集落进行富硒培养,多次转种后,测定生长率、硒含量,筛选稳定的富硒螺旋藻.从含硒5mmolL-1的培养皿中挑选12个典型藻丝集落接种培养,发现其中6个生长率达到对照的80%,有两个藻集落(编号为SP0803和SP0809)硒含量较高,干藻硒含量分别为ρ(Se)=924μg/g和ρ(Se)=831μg/g,连续3次转种培养,藻体含硒量保持稳定.以上结果表明,利用琼脂糖半固体培养基进行微藻集落培养是可行的,并成功筛选到富硒螺旋藻.图3表2参12     

叶面喷施硒硅复合溶胶抑制水稻砷积累效应研究

砷是一种毒性较强的类金属元素,稻米砷污染是近年来环境科学关注的难点和热点问题。为了控制稻米对砷的吸收积累,利用水热合成法制备了一系列浓度硒掺杂硅复合溶胶。采用盆栽和大田试验结合的方法,研究了硒掺杂纳米硅溶胶对水稻（Oryza sativa L.）砷吸收积累的影响。结果显示,叶面喷施硒掺杂纳米硅溶胶可以有效缓解水稻砷毒害,增加稻米硒含量,抑制稻米砷积累。盆栽试验结果表明：叶面喷施质量分数1%的硒掺杂纳米硅溶胶（1%Se-Si处理）后,水稻籽粒干质量比对照增加了43.8%,砷含量下降了46%,硒含量由对照的0.050 mg·kg-1增加到0.272 mg·kg-1。且与喷施亚硒酸钠相比（1%Se处理）,喷施硒掺杂纳米硅溶胶更有利于水稻生长,抑制稻米砷积累。与喷施硒质量分数1%的亚硒酸钠（1%Se处理）相比,喷施质量分数1%的硒掺杂纳米硅溶胶（1%Se-Si处理）后,水稻籽粒干质量增加了65.4%,砷含量下降了33.1%。大田试验结果也表明：叶面喷施硒硅复合溶胶可以显著抑制稻米砷积累,且随着硒掺杂量的增加,稻米砷含量显著降低、硒含量显著增加;硒的最佳掺杂量质量分数为0.5%,叶面喷施这种硒掺杂硅溶胶,稻米总砷质量分数由对照的0.25 mg·kg-1下降到0.14 mg·kg-1,稻米中硒的质量分数为0.26 mg·kg-1,符合富硒大米标准。砷污染稻田上,叶面喷施硒硅复合溶胶不仅使稻米砷含量达标,而且可以生产出富硒大米。因此,叶面喷施硒硅复合溶胶可能是治理稻米砷污染的新途径。     

渍水土壤中硒迁移行为的研究

用土柱模拟4种加硒处理的土壤还原淋溶过程，研究了硒在土壤中的迁移和积累。结果表明，未加硒处理（土壤背景硒）的溶液中硒的迁移以有机硒占优势，Se(Ⅵ）及Se（Ⅳ）占的比例很小；土壤富野酸硒由上层向下层迁移。外源蛋白硒的处理的溶液中硒迁移为有机硒，部分外源硒以富里酸硒积累在下层土壤。外源Se(Ⅵ）和Se（Ⅳ）处理的溶液中硒迁移量只占加入量的0．2％和0．4％，硒迁移的主要形态前者为有机硒，后者为Se(Ⅳ）和有机硒；外源Se（Ⅵ）和Se(Ⅳ）的绝大部分以富里酸硒的形态积累于土壤，其积累量Se（Ⅵ）处理高于Se(Ⅳ）处理，上层土壤高于下层土壤。     

土壤硒含量显著影响黑小麦与普通小麦的硒吸收

为了解黑小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)与普通小麦养分含量和硒吸收差异特征,通过成熟期田间取样,研究了富硒土壤(马三村,土壤硒质量分数平均值0.874 mg·kg~(-1))和缺硒土壤(韩村,土壤硒质量分数平均值0.205 mg·kg~(-1))对小麦不同器官组织养分及硒含量的影响特征。结果表明,富硒土壤上种植的小麦籽粒样品平均硒质量分数为0.205mg·kg~(-1),变幅为0.138～0.241mg·kg~(-1),95%小麦籽粒达到富硒标准,其中黑小麦籽粒硒质量分数平均为0.239 mg·kg~(-1),全部达到富硒标准。缺硒土壤上种植的小麦籽粒平均硒质量分数为0.040 mg·kg~(-1),变幅为0.030～0.057 mg·kg~(-1),均未达到富硒标准。小麦籽粒富硒程度与土壤硒含量的相关系数为0.954,当土壤硒质量分数达到0.810 mg·kg~(-1)时,小麦籽粒才能达到富硒标准。在硒水平相当的土壤上,黑小麦比普通小麦对硒的积累量大,富硒程度较高。马三村和韩村黑小麦籽粒硒含量平均分别比普通小麦高38.9%和34.2%。此外,黑小麦籽粒中氮和磷元素含量较普通小麦高,但富硒和缺硒土壤对相同品种籽粒N、P、K含量影响不大。因此,黑小麦富含丰富的营养物质,可作为富硒食品源。该研究可为富硒小麦品种与土壤硒含量间的相关关系研究提供理论依据。     

天津市蓟州区土壤硒的有效性及影响因素

以天津市蓟州富硒区土壤为研究对象,对土壤中硒含量、有效硒含量及硒的形态特征进行分析,并对土壤有效硒的影响因素进行研究.结果表明,蓟州富硒区土壤总硒的含量范围0.14—0.65 mg·kg~(-1),均值为0.37 mg·kg~(-1),高于蓟州区环境背景值0.23 mg·kg~(-1)和全国土壤硒元素的平均值0.29 mg·kg~(-1).土壤有效硒的均值为0.021 mg·kg~(-1),有效度为5.63%.研究区土壤硒元素以强有机结合态和残渣态为主,两种形态的平均含量分别为0.14 mg·kg~(-1)和0.11 mg·kg~(-1),占总硒的比例分别为44%和35%,水溶态、离子交换态和碳酸盐结合态的硒含量较少,仅占总硒含量的4.6%,1.7%和0.9%.土壤中有效硒的含量近似等于水溶态、离子交换态和碳酸盐结合态硒的含量之和,且两者的差异性检验结果显示并无显著性差异.土壤中有效硒与硒全量、pH和有机质均呈显著的正相关关系,偏分析结果表明有效硒主要受土壤硒含量和pH的影响.     

施硒肥方式对强筋小麦产量、硒累积分配及籽粒营养品质的影响

采用二因素裂区设计,设置8个处理,研究有机富硒肥施硒量与施硒方式对强筋小麦生长、产量、硒在小麦不同器官中富集状况以及籽粒营养品质的影响.结果显示:与不施有机富硒肥比较,播种前土施有机富硒肥使强筋小麦总生物量、籽粒产量、各器官(根、茎+叶、颖壳+穗轴、籽粒)干物质量分别提高1.0%-14.7%、2.4%-42.4%、1.9%-21.9%、1.5%%-10.6%、1.8%-19.5%和1.3%-18.2%,且在同一土施处理下,叶面喷施硒肥对小麦总生物量、籽粒产量和各器官干物质量无显著影响.不论采用土施、叶面喷施或土施+叶面喷施,小麦地上部硒含量占植株总硒含量的比例最大,而对于根部硒含量占植株总硒含量的比例则表现为土施>土施+叶面喷硒>喷施.此外,施有机富硒肥明显改善了强筋小麦籽粒蛋白质、总淀粉、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、可溶性糖和蔗糖等营养品质含量(P <0.05),提高幅度分别为0.2%-0.4%、2.9%-10.1%、1.6%-5.1%、1.3%-5.0%、2.1%-7.0%和1.2%-3.5%,且硒肥用量相同的条件下,营养品质含量均表现为土施+叶面喷硒处理高于单一土施硒肥处理,以S30+F(土壤基施30 g/hm²+叶面喷施15 g/hm²)处理达到最高值.因此,综合考虑产量、籽粒硒积累量以及品质等因素,实际生产中建议选用施肥量45 g/hm²(土壤基施30 g/hm²+叶面喷施15g/hm²)较为合适;土施+叶面喷施有机富硒肥可促进强筋小麦生长,提高籽粒产量、硒积累量以及营养品质;结果可为有机富硒肥调控下小麦富硒栽培提供理论参考.(图2表6参46)     

富硒藻类研究进展

微量元素硒不仅是人和动物必需的营养元素,也是植物生长发育不可缺少的元素。硒酸盐在水体中溶解度高于其他环境介质,导致水生生物对无机硒(硒酸盐)有更高的利用率。藻类能吸收无机硒,可将无机硒有效地转化为有机形态。藻体内的硒主要以硒蛋白、硒核酸、硒多糖等生物大分子以及硒代半胱氨酸和硒代蛋氨酸等生物小分子有机化合物存在。在水生生态系统中,藻类是硒的主要吸收者。富硒藻类通过食物链将硒传递至浮游动物、贝和鱼等动物体内,能提高其抗氧化能力,从而导致其对重金属耐受性增强。本文综述了藻类在自然界硒生物有机化中的地位和作用,藻类对硒的富集方式及代谢途径,硒在藻类中的生物学效应,富硒藻类的开发利用现状及今后的发展方向,较全面地综述了富硒藻类研究进展。     

酸性水稻土有效硒提取剂的比较研究

采集12种肥力水平和含硒量差异较大的酸性土壤,连续两季(次)用盆栽方法种植水稻,测定植株含硒量(mgkg-1)、硒累积量(mg /盆)以及7种提取剂浸提的土壤硒量,检验两者间的相关程度。结果表明,0.1 molL-1 KH2PO4浸提土壤硒的操作简便,提取量较多,与植株含硒量间有极显著的相关性,适合作稻田土壤有效硒的提取剂;0.2 molL-1 K2SO4对土壤硒的浸提量低,与植株含硒量间的相关性不显著,不适宜作水稻土有效硒的提取剂。     

根表铁膜的形成和添加硒对水稻吸收转运无机汞和甲基汞的影响

为了研究根表铁膜和硒对水稻吸收、转运不同形态的汞的影响,用Fe2+溶液诱导根表形成铁膜后,将水稻植株分别暴露于无机汞(Hg Cl2)、甲基汞(Me Hg Cl)、无机汞和亚硒酸钠(Hg Cl2+Na2Se O3)混合溶液、甲基汞和亚硒酸钠(Me Hg Cl+Na2Se O3)混合溶液的培养液中继续培养72 h。用DCB(dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate)提取根表铁膜,并用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定DCB溶液中Fe、Hg含量及水稻根、茎叶中Hg含量。结果表明:水稻根表铁膜对Me Hg Cl和Hg Cl2均有吸附,对Me Hg Cl的吸附作用高于Hg Cl2。根表铁膜的形成显著降低了汞暴露水稻根、茎叶中汞的含量;铁膜的形成也显著降低了Hg Cl2和Me Hg Cl从水稻根部到茎叶部分的转运效率。硒的存在可增加铁膜对Hg Cl2和Me Hg Cl的吸附,降低水稻对Hg Cl2和Me Hg Cl的吸收和转运。研究结果表明:根表铁膜和硒单独或联合作用能显著抑制水稻对无机汞和甲基汞的吸收和转运,进而可以减少汞在稻米中的蓄积。研究的开展对于提高汞污染区稻米的质量和保证粮食安全具有一定的现实意义。     

Single and joint effects of acetochlor and urea on earthworm Esisenia foelide populations in phaiozem

Much attention is paid to soil health and environmental safety. Earthworms are an important indicator of soil ecosystem health and safety. Ecological toxicity of acetochlor and excessive urea, in both their single and joint effects, on earthworm Esisenia foelide was thus studied using the soil-culture method. Acetochlor had an enhanced toxicity from low concentration to high concentration. The mortality of earthworms after a 6-day exposure was changed from 0 to 86.7%, and the weight change rate ranged from 7.86 to -30.43%, when the concentration of acetochlor was increased from 164 to 730 mg kg(-1). Urea expressed its positive and beneficial effects on earthworms when its concentration was lower than 500 mg kg(-1). Strongly toxic effects took place when the concentration of urea was higher than 1000 mg kg(-1). The mortality of earthworms exposed to urea reached 100% when its concentration was more than 1500 mg kg(-1). When the concentration of urea was lower than 500 mg kg(-1), there were antagonistic effects between the two agrochemicals on earthworms; when the concentration of urea was higher than 500 mg kg(-1), joint toxic effects of acetochlor and excessive urea on earthworms were synergic. In any case, excessive urea application is very harmful to the health of soil ecosystems.     

柠檬醛对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)再生的影响

用不同浓度柠檬醛处理不同部位剪切的蚯蚓,和处理剪切后不同时间段的蚯蚓体段,探讨了柠檬醛对赤子爱胜蚓再生作用的体段、作用浓度和敏感时间段.结果表明,柠檬醛对蚯蚓再生有明显影响,但这种作用依不同体段而异,以体段P7和P25作用最显著,而A25,A90和P60的受柠檬醛影响较小; 柠檬醛影响蚯蚓头部再生,而不影响尾部再生;对再生有影响的柠檬醛浓度为1mmolkg-1, 0. 1mmolkg-1和0. 01mmolkg-1 (土壤),对蚯蚓再生作用的时间为切后0. 5~1d.试验显示,柠檬醛干扰蚯蚓再生头部形成而且还影响再生头尾体轴形成;内源视黄酸在蚯蚓头尾轴再生图式形成中有重要作用. 图4表4参18     

Effects of the Interactions Between Selenium and Phosphorus on the Growth and Selenium Accumulation in Rice (Oryza Sativa)

The solution culture, paddy soil culture and the simulation experiments in the laboratory were conducted to clarify the interactions between selenium and phosphorus, and its effects on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice. Results revealed that a suitable supply of selenium could promote rice growth and excessive selenium could injure rice plant, causing lower biomass, especially in the roots. The supply of selenite could enhance the selenium contents of rice shoots and roots in solution culture and in soil culture. The selenium concentrations in roots were much higher than those in shoots supplied with the same rates of selenium and phosphorus. The interaction between selenium and phosphorus was evident. When the phosphorus supply increased to meet the needs of plant growth, phosphorus could promote absorption and accumulation of selenium in the shoots. If the phosphorus supply was excessive, phosphorus could inhibit the accumulation of selenium in the shoots at the lower selenite level (2 mol l^–1), but could not at the higher selenite level (10 mol l^–1). With the supply of phosphate increased, the selenium concentrations in the roots decreased significantly at both selenite levels. The presence of phosphate could decrease Se sorption on the soil surface and increase the selenium concentration in the soil solution. The concentrations of selenium in shoots and roots supplied with 0.08 g kg^–1 phosphorus were lower than those with no phosphorus supplied. With the increase of phosphorus added to 0.4 g kg^–1, the selenium concentration in shoots and roots increased. The effect of phosphorus on the concentration was statistically significant at all three selenium levels.     

Effects of the interactions between selenium and phosphorus on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa)

The solution culture, paddy soil culture and the simulation experiments in the laboratory were conducted to clarify the interactions between selenium and phosphorus, and its effects on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice. Results revealed that a suitable supply of selenium could promote rice growth and excessive selenium could injure rice plant, causing lower biomass, especially in the roots. The supply of selenite could enhance the selenium contents of rice shoots and roots in solution culture and in soil culture. The selenium concentrations in roots were much higher than those in shoots supplied with the same rates of selenium and phosphorus. The interaction between selenium and phosphorus was evident. When the phosphorus supply increased to meet the needs of plant growth, phosphorus could promote absorption and accumulation of selenium in the shoots. If the phosphorus supply was excessive, phosphorus could inhibit the accumulation of selenium in the shoots at the lower selenite level (2 micromol l(-1)), but could not at the higher selenite level (10 micromol l(-1)). With the supply of phosphate increased, the selenium concentrations in the roots decreased significantly at both selenite levels. The presence of phosphate could decrease Se sorption on the soil surface and increase the selenium concentration in the soil solution. The concentrations of selenium in shoots and roots supplied with 0.08 g kg(-1) phosphorus were lower than those with no phosphorus supplied. With the increase of phosphorus added to 0.4 g kg(-1), the selenium concentration in shoots and roots increased. The effect of phosphorus on the concentration was statistically significant at all three selenium levels.     

重金属对蚯蚓的毒性毒理研究

通过室内模拟实验以及对株洲市重金属污染区农田土壤中采样，进行了重金属对蚯蚓的毒性毒理研究．毒性实验表明，各重金属元素４８ｈ的ＬＤ５０分别为：Ｃｄ１０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｐｂ８１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｃｕ６３３ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｈｇ３０４ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｚｎ５２８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，Ｃｒ４２８ｍｇ／ｋｇ．对蚯蚓毒理研究证明，重金属对蚯蚓酯酶同工酶有抑活作用，而重金属对蚯蚓过氧化物酶同工酶有激活作用．在光镜下观察，可见重金属污染可引起蚯蚓的体表溃疡及产生肿瘤，可使胃肠道粘膜层出血、背血管肿胀，同时可引起胃肠道粘膜上皮细胞产生萎缩或溃疡灶．蚯蚓特有的黄色细胞团污染程度不同而显示出消长规律．在电镜下可见到在重污染区的蚯蚓胃肠道粘膜上皮细胞中的ｒＥＲ肿胀、高尔基体膨大，线粒体嵴消失，甚至空泡化或解体．另可见细胞核膜间隙肿胀、断裂、核质外溢，胞质自溶．蚯蚓以上病变的大小是随土壤重金属污染区的污染级别而定；各病理变化指标均能定性地反映土壤重金属污染状况．     

猪粪、木屑混合物蚯蚓堆制处理中蚓体Cu、Zn富集的影响因素

采用室内接种法,以赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）构建生物反应器,研究猪粪、木屑混合物的蚯蚓堆制处理中,蚓体的生长状况及影响其Cu、Zn富集的主要因素。结果表明,接种密度为40 mg.g-1、湿度为75%同时有利于蚯蚓生长和基质消耗;温度为15℃对蚓体质量增加最有利,而温度为20℃最利于基质消耗;m（猪粪）∶m（木屑）为6∶4可同时利于蚓体质量增加和基质消耗。适宜的接种密度（48 mg.g-1）、湿度（70%）、温度（15℃）及较高比例的碳源辅料〔m（猪粪）∶m（木屑）为6∶4〕有利于蚓体对Cu的吸收和富集;低接种密度和高比例碳源辅料有利于蚓体对Zn的吸收,湿度和温度对蚓体Zn含量无显著影响,但蚓体Zn富集量分别在接种密度48 mg.g-1、m（猪粪）∶m（木屑）为6∶4、湿度75%和温度15℃条件下达最大。     

Single and Joint Effects of Acetochlor and Urea on Earthworm Esisenia Foelide Populations in Phaiozem

Much attention is paid to soil health and environmental safety. Earthworms are an important indicator of soil ecosystem health and safety. Ecological toxicity of acetochlor and excessive urea, in both their single and joint effects, on earthworm Esisenia foelide was thus studied using the soil-culture method. Acetochlor had an enhanced toxicity from low concentration to high concentration. The mortality of earthworms after a 6-day exposure was changed from 0 to 86.7%, and the weight change rate ranged from 7.86 to –30.43%, when the concentration of acetochlor was increased from 164 to 730 mg kg^–1. Urea expressed its positive and beneficial effects on earthworms when its concentration was lower than 500 mg kg^–1. Strongly toxic effects took place when the concentration of urea was higher than 1000 mg kg^–1. The mortality of earthworms exposed to urea reached 100% when its concentration was more than 1500 mg kg^–1. When the concentration of urea was lower than 500 mg kg^–1, there were antagonistic effects between the two agrochemicals on earthworms; when the concentration of urea was higher than 500 mg kg^–1, joint toxic effects of acetochlor and excessive urea on earthworms were synergic. In any case, excessive urea application is very harmful to the health of soil ecosystems.     

蚯蚓在植物修复铜、镉污染土壤中的作用

以红壤和高砂土为供试土壤,分别加入3个浓度的重金属铜离子Cu2 (100,200,400 mg kg-1)或镉离子Cd2 (5,10,20 mg kg-1),每钵接种6条蚯蚓(Pheretimasp.),种植黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum),以不加蚯蚓为对照(CK),研究蚯蚓活动对Cu、Cd污染土壤中黑麦草生长及铜、镉生物有效性的影响.结果表明,添加蚯蚓显著提高了Cu2 、Cd2 污染的高砂土中黑麦草地上部分的生物量,增幅为33%~96%;仅增加了Cu2 污染浓度低于200 mg kg-1的红壤中黑麦草地上部分的生物量;添加蚯蚓显著增加了两种土壤中速效N的含量,促进了黑麦草地上部分对N的吸收,对速效P、K的含量以及黑麦草中P、K含量无显著影响;添加蚯蚓显著提高了红壤中铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)DTPA提取态的含量,对高砂土中DTPA提取态Cu、Cd的含量无显著影响;增加了高砂土中和添加Cu污染浓度低于200 mg kg-1的红壤中黑麦草地上部分吸收Cu的总量,而对黑麦草吸收Cd的量无显著影响.加入蚯蚓可以不同程度地改善植物修复技术应用中受制的两个主要因素.表4参30     

四溴双酚A对赤子爱胜蚓的生长和基因表达的影响

试验采用人工土壤法,通过14 d急性毒性试验,研究了不同剂量TBBPA对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)生长、基因表达的影响。在14 d急性毒性试验中,随着暴露时间和浓度的增加,蚯蚓生长受到了显著抑制,未出现死亡现象。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的基因表达量在低浓度(50 mg·kg-1)时受到诱导上调;谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)的基因表达量在400 mg·kg-1染毒组受到明显诱导,是对照组的8.73倍;热休克蛋白(Hsp70)的基因表达量在50、100和200 mg·kg-1染毒组被诱导上调。基因表达量的变化显示,在50、100、200 mg·kg-1浓度条件下,蚯蚓可以利用自身的抗氧化能力维持体内的动态平衡稳定,使得机体免受损伤。但是在超过400 mg·kg-1浓度后,TBBPA的毒性效应超过了机体的应对能力,使机体遭受损伤,外在特征主要表现为蚯蚓身体蜷缩、变细变硬。从生物标志物角度,基因表达量的变化对TBBPA毒性效应的指示作用较生长抑制率更为敏感。