乳状液膜法分离提取醋酸的模拟试验

研究了LMS－2－煤油－NaOH液膜体系处理醛酸水溶液的最佳操作条件，讨论了表面活性剂浓度、搅拌速度、试剂比、油内比及乳水比对提取率的影响，得出了制乳的最佳稳定条件，提取率可达96％以上。     

乳液液膜法处理高浓度兰炭含酚废水

研究了以磷酸三丁酯为载体的Span-80/甲苯/NaOH乳状液膜体系的制备及稳定性.通过乳液液膜法处理兰炭含酚废水,探讨了表面活性剂和载体用量、NaOH浓度、乳水比、乳水接触时间、油水比等对除酚率的影响.结果表明,在表面活性剂的体积分数为4%,膜助剂体积分数为3%,载体的体积分数为3%,内水相NaOH浓度为3%,乳水比1∶3,乳水接触时间10 min,油水比1.2∶1,废水pH值为5左右的条件下,除酚率达到96%以上.     

乳状液膜法处理含柠檬酸工业废水的研究

本文研究了以LMA-1为表面活性剂,正三辛胺为流动载体,Na_2CO_3溶液为内相试剂.煤油为膜溶剂所组成的液膜体系处理柠檬酸废水,考察了搅拌速度、表面活性剂种类和用量.载体用量、乳水比、油内比对废水中COD去除率的影响,结果表明:当LMA-1为3g·100ml~(-1)煤油,R_(?)=1:10,R_(?)=1:1.搅拌速度为300r·min~(-1)时.废水中COD的去除率可达99%.     

大鼠全身曝露N,N-二甲基甲酰胺蒸汽后血液中N-甲基氨基甲酸硫酯动态研究

报道了经恒定气相浓度Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ）蒸汽曝露的雄性ＳＤ大鼠血液中以Ｓ－（Ｎ－甲基氨基甲酰）谷胱甘肽（ＳＭＧ）为代表的Ｎ－甲基氨基甲酸硫酯的代谢生成及体内消长．实验所用封闭曝露系统内ＤＭＦ蒸汽恒定浓度分别为φ＝２４×１０－６（直至４８ｈ）；φ＝８４×１０－６及φ＝２１３×１０－６（均为７２ｈ）．经（φ＝２４×１０－６）×２４ｈ处理后，大鼠血清中Ｎ－甲基氨基甲酸硫酯达到稳态浓度４７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，当ＤＭＦ稳态蒸汽浓度φ＝８４×１０－６时，体内血清Ｎ－甲基氨基甲酸硫酯稳态浓度为２２７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，在环境蒸汽浓度φ＜８４×１０－６时，大鼠体内Ｎ－甲基氨基甲酸硫酯稳态浓度与环境中ＤＭＦ蒸汽浓度呈线性关系．所产生的Ｎ－甲基氨基甲酸硫酯类物质体内半衰期在２．２～２．８ｈ之间，体内半衰期值主要是由其生成速率决定的．高浓度ＤＭＦ（φ＝２１３×１０－６）的曝露并未导致体内产生可检出水平的Ｎ－甲基氨基甲酸硫酯类物质，这可能是由于体内高浓度的ＤＭＦ对其本身代谢的抑制作用所致．     

组合液膜对土壤淋洗液中砷(As)的提取效果

针对土壤淋洗液中重金属传统萃取及液膜提取方法效率低的问题,提出组合液膜来提高提取率.本研究采用双二-乙基已基磷酸(D2EDTPA)和磷酸三丁酯(TBP)互为协同提取剂的组合液膜提取技术对土壤淋洗液中砷(As)进行提取,考察了系统温度、组合池膜溶液提取剂与膜溶剂体积比(M1/M2)、组合相有机相与水相体积比(O/A)、组合相提取剂比例(VD2EDTPA/VTBP)对As3+和As5+提取率的影响.研究结果表明,组合提取剂与As形成络合物在液膜系统中传输,最佳提取条件为:系统温度在28—30℃左右、M1/M2为4∶1、O/A为2∶1、VD2EDTPA/VTBP为4∶3.As3+和As5+起始浓度为5.45×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1)和1.12×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1)时,90 min最佳提取条件下提取率可达93.1%和82.7%.     

乳头液膜法迁移及分离铬（Ⅵ）的研究

本文采用以叔胺Ｎ７３０１为流动载体,兰１１３Ａ为表面活性剂,煤油为膜溶剂,ＮａＯＨ作内相试剂的乳状液膜体系迁移分离铬,研究了其迁移机理,确定了适宜制乳,迁移分离及破乳等有关条件,实验表明,不同浓度的含铬水样经液膜处理后,其含铬量均降至０．５μｇ．ｍｌ＾－１以下,低于国家排放标准。     

蔬菜和水果中残留硫双威的气相色谱分析

本文提出了一种快速、高效提取净化蔬菜、水果中残留硫双威的前处理方法和用火焰光度检测的气相色谱法。该法的最低检出浓度为０．０４ｍｇ·ｋｇ＾－１，在蔬菜，水果中的平均加标回收率分别为９３．０－１０６．７％和９４．５－１０４．２％，变异系数分别为２．５７－６．０５％和２．７４－５．８３％。     

利用化学浸提剂去除拟疏浚物中的重金属Cu和Zn

采用搅拌、曝气试验研究了草酸、EDTA等试剂对厦门西海域马銮湾外湾拟疏浚物中重金属Cu、Zn的去除效果.并通过分批提取实验研究了草酸浸提拟疏浚物中Cu和Zn的影响因素如浓度、pH、固液比、提取时间等的影响.结果表明,Cu、Zn的螯合提取率随草酸溶液浓度的增加而增大,草酸溶液浓度为0.2mol·l-1为较适宜浓度;随反应时间增加而增大,反应时间24h可达到较好的处理效果;随pH降低而增大,结合实际处理pH值可选择3左右;随固液比降低而增大,固液比1:50处理效果较佳。     

两性聚丙烯酰胺的制备研究

本文研究了丙烯酰胺（ＡＭ）－丙烯酸（ＡＡ）共聚物的水溶液，经Ｍａｎｎｉｃｈ反应制备两性聚丙烯酰胺的反应条件，讨论了影响胺化度的因素。实验结果表明：分子量为３００万、阴离子度为２０％、浓度为２．５％的共聚物，在原料配比为（ＡＭ－ＡＡ）：ＨＣＨＯ：ＮＨ（ＣＨ３）２＝１：１．１：１．５、反应温度为５０±１℃、反应２ｈ的条件下，制得的两性聚丙烯酰胺的胺化度为４２．５％，是最佳的合成条件。用氯化胺和盐酸季胺     

以TiCl4—改性硅胶为催化剂的单糖或糖甲基苷的异丙叉化反应

以原甲酸三乙酯为试剂，丙酮为溶剂，在以化学改性硅胶为载体的四氯化钛的催化下，甘露糖及甘露，葡萄，半乳－糖的β甲基苷能方便地、高产率地异丙叉化。     

乳化液膜法提取苯酚的动力学研究

研究了以双丁二烯亚胺－煤油作膜相,ＮａＯＨ溶液为内水相的乳化液膜提取苯的动力学特性,测定了膜相与内外水相组成,搅拌速度,温度对提取速率的影响,得出了提取速率规律。     

乳状液膜法萃取氨基酸的研究

本文以ＴＯＭＡＣ为载体，ＥＣＡ４３６０Ｊ为表面活性剂，内外相Ｃｌ＾－浓度梯度为推动力，研究了Ｌ－苯丙氨酸在乳状液膜体系中的传输，并对影响液膜萃取的各种因素进行了系统的阐述，确定了此体系的最佳膜相组成的实验条件，实现了Ｌ－苯丙氨酸的提取和浓缩。     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜结构与氨水分离性能的研究

本文研究了聚丙烯中空纤维膜成型的工艺条件与结构性能的关系，并利用聚丙烯中空纤维膜组件进行了氨／水分离和影响分离效果的各种因素的研究。结果表明：在制膜工艺中，聚丙烯分子链在应力场下的结晶过程对后续的轴向拉伸形成微孔结构是非常重要的；伸长率为１６０％时的聚丙烯中空纤维膜，具有最大的孔隙率、平均孔径和透气率；其组件在氨／水分离中具有较好的分离效果，脱氨率可达９９％以上。进一步对氨／水分离的研究表明：分离     

同位素内标-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定畜禽粪便中6种雌激素

为了研究畜禽粪便中雌激素的污染特征及其环境影响,建立了一种同时提取、分离和检测畜禽粪便中雌酮(E1)、17α-雌二醇(17α-E2)、17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)、雌三醇(E3)、17α-炔雌醇(17α-EE2)和己烯雌酚(DES)共6种雌激素的高选择性和高灵敏性方法——同位素内标-固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。对提取剂、淋洗剂、洗脱剂、色谱分离条件和质谱测定条件等进行了优化。最终的优化方法为:粪便样品加入100 ng同位素内标后,先后用乙腈重复超声提取3次(每次10 mL,每次15 min),离心后合并上清液,旋转蒸发近干再复溶于1 mL甲醇,加7 mL纯水稀释并超声混匀后离心,上清液过0.45μm滤膜后用HLB固相萃取柱净化,经10 mL 15%乙腈水溶液淋洗后,用10 mL的甲醇进行洗脱,氮吹浓缩定容至1 mL,过0.22μm滤膜后测定。用2 mM氟化铵-甲醇为流动相,经TAB色谱柱分离后采用电喷雾离子源和选择反应监测负离子扫描模式进行检测,同位素内标定量。在5、50、200、1000 ng·g^?1加标水平下,6种雌激素的平均回收率为90.2%—103.2%,相对标准偏差为0.09%—9.08%,方法检出限(LOD)和方法定量限(LOQ)分别为0.25—0.95 ng·g^?1和1.00—3.82 ng·g^?1。应用此方法检测了6个猪粪、3个牛粪和3个鸡粪样品中6种雌激素的含量,结果为?1(干质量)。该方法灵敏度高,定量准确且定量范围广,适用于畜禽粪便中6种雌激素的定性定量分析。     

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of cadmium(II) for preconcentration prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection in water

A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure for cadmium(II) as its 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylamino-phenol chelate is presented. Carbon tetrachloride and methanol were used as extraction and dispersive solvents, respectively. After phase separation, the preconcentrated-separated cadmium(II) is determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with a microinjection technique. The factors which affected the extraction efficiency, i.e. the pH of the sample solution and the volumes of reagent and sample were investigated. The effects of some alkali, alkali earth, and transition metal ions, and of some anions on the recovery of cadmium were also studied. A preconcentration factor of 250 was obtained for a sample volume of 50?mL under optimum conditions. The method was validated by analysis of certified reference materials and applied to some water samples from Turkey.     

G-CNTs/PVDF mixed matrix membranes with improved antifouling properties and filtration performance

A novel nanocomposite OMWCNT-A-GO was synthesized by conjugating OMWCNT and GO. The P-OMWCNT-A-GO membrane was fabricated by non-solvent induced phase inversion. The P-OMWCNT-A-GO exhibits the best water flux, BSA rejection and flux recovery. It should be due to the enhanced membrane pore size, porosity and hydrophilicity. Although carbon nanomaterials have been widely used as effective nanofillers for fabrication of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with outstanding performances, the reproducibility of the fabricated MMMs is still hindered by the non-homogenous dispersion of these carbon nanofillers in membrane substrate. Herein, we report an effective way to improve the compatibility of carbon-based nanomaterials with membrane matrixes. By chemically conjugating the oxidized CNTs (o-CNTs) and GO using hexanediamine as cross-linker, a novel carbon nanohybrid material (G-CNTs) was synthesized, which inherited both the advanced properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO). The G-CNTs incorporated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) MMMs (G-CNTs/PVDF) were fabricated via a non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The filtration and antifouling performances of G-CNTs/PVDF were evaluated using distillate water and a 1 g/L bovine serum albumin (BSA) aqueous solution under 0.10 MPa. Compared to the MMMs prepared with o-CNTs, GO, the physical mixture of o-CNTs and GO and pure PVDF membrane, the G-CNTs/PVDF membrane exhibited the highest water flux up to 220 L/m²/h and a flux recovery ratio as high as 90%, as well as the best BSA rejection rate. The excellent performances should be attributed to the increased membrane pore size, porosity and hydrophilicity of the resulted membrane. The successful synthesis of the novel nanohybrid G-CNTs provides a new type of nanofillers for MMMs fabrication.     

液膜法提取水溶液中的苯胺

本文研究了用煤油－磷酸三丁酯－Ｓｐａｎ８０－脂肪酸酯－ＨＣｌ溶液制成的液膜体系从水中溶液中提取苯胺的过程。并对溶剂和表面活性剂的选择及用量,搅拌速度,Ｒｉｅ,Ｒｅｗ,外相ｐＨ的选择进行了和系列的研究。结果表明,该法既适用于高浓度又适于低浓度的苯胺水溶液的处理。     

Modeling of Ce（IV） transport through a dispersion flat combined liquid membrane with carrier P507

A mathematical model for the transport of Ce （IV） from hydrochloric acid solutions through dispersion flat combined liquid membrane （DFCLM） with contain 2- ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester （P507） as the carrier, dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution have been studied. This process of facilitated transport, based on membrane technology, is a variation on the conventional technique of solvent extraction and may be described mathematically using Fick＇s second law. The equations for transport velocity are derived considering the diffusion of P507 and its metallic complexes through the liquid membrane. In this work, the system is considered to be in a transient state, and chemical reaction between Ce（IV） and the carrier to take place only at the solvent-aqueous interfaces. Model concentration profiles are obtained for the Ce（IV）, from which extraction velocities are predicted. The experimental and simulated Ce（IV） extractions showed similar tendencies for a high Ce （IV） concentration and acidity case.The model results indicate that high initial Ce（IV） concentrations and acidity both have detrimental effects on Ce（IV） extraction and stripping. The diffusion coefficient of Ce（IV） in the membrane and the thickness of diffusion layer between feed phase and membrane phase are obtained and the values are 6.31 × 10-8m2·s-1 and 31.2 μm, respectively. The results are in good agreement with experimental results.     

NaOH溶液对有机相苯酚反萃取的研究

本文系统进行了ＮａＯＨ溶液对负载苯酚的ＴＢＰ＋煤油溶剂的反萃取平衡实验。考虑苯酚的支萃取平衡和解离平衡,建立了反萃取的计算模式,并证明了模型的可行性。本文还讨论了ＮａＯＨ溶液浓度,油水相比,萃取平衡分配系数,溶剂中的负载苯酚浓度和ＮａＯＨ溶液中初始酚含量对反萃取率的影响。