珊溪水库生态系统服务物质量和价值量评估

生态系统服务具有区域性特征.水库生态系统服务功能由陆域、水域生态系统服务功能构成.开展水库特别是水库所在流域的自然资源实物量核算与生态系统服务价值量评估,对于有效开展生态系统服务评估具有重要意义.根据珊溪水库所在流域生态系统特点及生态系统服务特征,构建水生态物质量和价值量评估指标体系,借助静态的流域生态产品价值核算方法...     

区域生态环境服务价值评估 --以延安市宝塔区为例

将小尺度行政区域作为研究对象,建立区域生态环境服务价值评估模型。模型重点考虑了2个方面:第一,主体生态系统对区域生态环境服务价值的贡献大小及主体生态系统之间的相互影响;第二,估算主体生态系统价值时考虑直接使用价值、间接使用价值、非使用价值的重复或遗漏及生态环境服务价值随社会经济的变化。以陕西延安市宝塔区为例进行评估,得到2002年宝塔区生态环境服务价值为118322.214万元。     

基于土地利用／覆被变化的重庆城市生态系统服务价值研究

参考COSTANZA以及谢高地等提出的生态系统服务价值系数,制定了符合城市生态系统的服务价值系数.基于重庆市主城区1993、2000和2004年3期土地利用/覆被(LUCC)变化数据,对重庆市主城区的生态系统服务价值进行了估算.结果表明:重庆自1997年成为直辖市后,耕地、林地大量向城市建设用地转化,城市生态系统服务价值急剧降低.1993年重庆市主城区生态系统总服务价值为564.75×106元,2004年为387.71×106元,下降了31.3%.生态服务价值系数的变化对重庆城市生态系统总服务价值的影响缺乏弹性.水域和林地面积变化对重庆市主城区生态系统总服务价值影响明显.     

县域生态服务功能价值评估及提升路径——以龙山县为例

参照千年生态系统评估框架,建立了龙山县生态系统服务功能价值评价指标体系.在分析评估龙山县生态系统提供的各项服务功能价值的基础上,对提升生态系统服务功能价值提出了探讨.结果表明龙山县生态系统服务功能的总价值是93.69亿元,高于龙山县2014年的GDP61.33亿元,同时也证明生态功能区划对生态服务功能价值有一定的提升.从研究结果来看,龙山县生态系统服务功能价值巨大,该结果有利于加强人们对生态系统的认识,也说明了维持生态环境对可持续发展具有举足轻重的作用.图3,表3,参17.     

基于生态系统服务价值评估的东江流域生态补偿研究

生态补偿有利于协调区域经济发展与生态环境保护的关系。通过现场调研和数据分析,构建适用于东江流域的生态系统服务价值当量因子表,对东江流域生态系统服务价值进行评估,确定其生态补偿标准。引入生态补偿优先级(ECPS)指标对东江流域19县市生态补偿的迫切程度进行量化。结果表明:(1)东江流域生态系统服务总价值为1 711.41亿元,其中,森林生态系统价值占总价值的86.17%;一类生态服务中调节服务价值最显著;二类生态服务中水文调节功能价值最显著。(2)东江流域理论生态补偿总额度为1 047.26亿元,其中,森林生态系统补偿价值为880.21亿元,占总补偿额度的84.05%,是区域生态补偿的核心。(3)东江流域19县市生态补偿实际额度为68.73亿元,其中,东源县补偿额度最高,为16.76亿元。(4)东江流域19县市生态补偿优先级顺序为东源、安远、寻乌、紫金、新丰、连平、龙川、和平、定南、龙门、兴宁、惠东、博罗、惠阳、河源市区、惠州市区、增城市、东莞和深圳。     

池州森林生态系统服务价值评估

基于LY/T1721-2008《森林生态系统生态服务价值评估规范》,采用实证研究、意愿调查、文献研究等方法,估算了池州市森林生态系统生态服务价值,结果表明:2009年,池州市森林生态系统生态服务价值为423.25亿元,林果等实物产品价值为168.97亿元,生态服务价值是实物生产价值的2.50倍.各项生态服务功能价值大小...     

流域生态系统服务研究进展与展望

在分析国内外流域生态系统服务研究动态的基础上,归纳全球流域(河流、湿地)尺度生态系统服务研究案例的分类和评估方法,重点阐述以水循环和水生态过程为纽带的流域生态系统产品和服务的特点和内涵,总结提出流域生态系统服务的研究重点是与水有关的水资源服务和水生态服务.强调今后要加强流域尺度上的科学研究与政策、管理的对接和应用,通过科学规范的流域生态系统服务评估,为流域生态补偿、生态修复机制的建立和流域水环境综合管理提供有力支撑.     

基于RS和GIS的武汉市生态系统服务价值变化研究

以武汉市为例,利用从1996年和2001年TM数据中获取的景观数据,估算了武汉市生态服务价值并分析了景观之间的转化所引起的生态服务价值的变化。结果表明:各景观类型中水域景观的生态服务价值贡献系数最大,达到2.869;研究区域生态服务价值总量变化不大,2001年比1996年只下降了3688.79万元,但各景观生态服务价值变动很大,其中库塘生态服务价值增加了2.38亿元,河流的生态服务价值减少了2.33亿元,其变化率分别达到40.74%和-9.16%;由于河湖被占用所造成的生态服务价值损失达到9891.68万元,城市建设占用其它景观类型所带来的生态服务价值损失达到9908.37万元,这说明建设用地的发展对其他自然景观占用已经影响到了武汉市生态系统服务功能发挥。     

黑河流域土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

利用1987年和2000年1：100000Landsat TM图像解译数据分析了黑河流域土地利用变化，在此基础上，采用中国陆地生态系统服务价值的测算方法，评估了黑河流域土地利用变化引起的生态环境质量变化。结果表明，在过去的13年间，黑河流域土地利用变化总的趋势是森林、草地、河流冰川面积大幅减少，耕地、盐碱地和建筑用地迅速增加。这一变化损害了该区域的生态系统服务功能，使生态系统服务总价值(人民币)从404．22亿元／a下降到370．3亿元／a，损失率达到了8．39％。     

中国陆地植被生态系统生产有机物质价值遥感估算

可持续发展的战略要求推进生态资产研究,对生态系统生产有机物质功能价值的估算则是生态资产评估的重要组成部分。利用改进的CASA模型对中国陆地生态系统1995年NPP进行了估算,它与实测数据和国内其他研究成果的比较验证证明了该方法的可靠性;进而对1995年全国陆地生态系统生产有机物质的价值进行了估算,结果表明,1995年中国陆地生态系统净第一性生产力生产有机物质的总价值为1.902049×1012元.a-1,其空间分布是从东部向西北递减、由中部向东北和南部递增;从类型上看,常绿阔叶林的单位面积值最高,裸地和极稀疏植被的单位面积值最低。     

基于利益相关方意愿调查的东江流域生态补偿机制探讨

流域生态补偿已经成为解决流域生态环境保护问题、协调流域上下游利益冲突的重要手段之一。以东江流域为例,通过实地问卷调查和条件价值评估法评估流域上下游利益相关方生态补偿意愿,并探讨构建东江流域生态补偿机制。流域生态补偿意愿调查结果表明,流域内居民对东江流域生态环境保护有很高的积极性,对建立流域生态补偿机制有较高的认同度;下游地区城市居民平均支付意愿为332.7-364.5元/（年·户）,上游农民对于林地保护的平均受偿意愿为360.75元/（年·hm^2）;通过回归分析发现,受教育水平、收入、自来水水质对支付意愿影响显著,而受偿意愿受性别和受教育水平影响明显;充分考虑并协调好流域上下游利益相关方的诉求对东江流域生态环境保护和生态补偿机制的建立有着重要的现实意义。     

三座不同营养类型水库春季细菌生理群分布特征

运用实验室培养的方法,于2005年4月调查了热带亚热带过渡区的三座不同营养类型的水库:大镜山(富营养型),梅溪(贫中营养型),流溪河(贫中营养型),并对3座水库水体和底泥异养细菌及N、P细菌生理群的分布特点进行了初步分析。3座水库水体和底泥细菌生理群的分布差异明显,这些差异主要取决于水库水体和底泥的营养状况。大镜山水库和流溪河水库底泥中有机营养物质丰富,2座水库底泥中主要细菌生理群的分布相似。流溪河水库与梅溪水库为贫中营养型水库,两座水库水体中主要细菌生理群的密度分布相近。在流溪河水库和大镜山水库中不同采样点之间细菌生理群的分布存在一定的空间差异,梅溪水库大坝和出水口之间差异不显著,这种差异取决与水库的水动力学特征。3座水库水体硝酸还原菌与TP(R2=0.6668,P<0.05)和Chl.a(R2=0.6734,P<0.05)以及有机磷分解菌与TP(R2=0.5977,P<0.05)和Chl.a(R2=0.5968,P<0.05)之间存在着显著的相关关系。     

Aquatic ecological health assessment of Shaying River Basin based on indices of physico-chemistry and aquatic organisms北大核心CSCD

With a variety of ecosystem services, river ecosystem plays an important role in the process of human society development. On the other hand, health condition of most aquatic ecosystems is seriously threatened by human activities. Restoring and maintaining a healthy ecosystem has already become a vital goal of river management. As a basis of river management, river health assessment is therefore particularly important. Based on indices of physics, chemistry and aquatic organisms, this research tried to establish a comprehensive evaluation system of aquatic ecological health suitable for the situation of Shaying River Basin. The system included 6 factors including riparian zone, river morphology, nutrients, oxygen balance, periphyton and benthic macroinvertebrates, which were defined into 19 indices reflecting the aquatic ecological health from different aspects. The assessment results indicated that the health condition of overall basin was normal, varying among different parts of the region, with Shahe River, Lihe River and Beiru River in the upper part sub-healthy, and Jialu River in the same part sub-sick. The middle region was generally in normal or sub-sick level; the health condition of the lower part was comparatively better due to a good condition. Within the indices, the nutrients and benthic macroinvertebrates were the major constraining factors to the health condition of Shaying River Basin for their poor health condition. The health conditions showed significant differences among the rivers (P < 0.01), with Jialu River being the worst. The result indicated that the aquatic ecological health of Shaying River Basin is affected by many factors, with urban and industrial sewage being the main ones, And that different protective measures should be employed for rivers of different conditions. The result can provide theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of Shaying River Basin and reasonable exploitation and conservation of the water resource of the whole Huaihe River Basin.     

Effects of River Impoundment on Ecosystem Services of Large Tropical Rivers: Embodied Energy and Market Value of Artisanal Fisheries

Abstract:  Applying the ecosystem services concept to conservation initiatives or in managing ecosystem services requires understanding how environmental impacts affect the ecology of key species or functional groups providing the services. We examined effects of river impoundments, one of the leading threats to freshwater biodiversity, on an important ecosystem service provided by large tropical rivers (i.e., artisanal fisheries). The societal and economic importance of this ecosystem service in developing countries may provide leverage to advance conservation agendas where future impoundments are being considered. We assessed impoundment effects on the energetic costs of fisheries production (embodied energy) and commercial market value of the artisanal fishery of the Paraná River, Brazil, before and after formation of Itaipu Reservoir. High-value migratory species that dominated the fishery before the impoundment was built constituted a minor component of the contemporary fishery that is based heavily on reservoir-adapted introduced species. Cascading effects of river impoundment resulted in a mismatch between embodied energy and market value: energetic costs of fisheries production increased, whereas market value decreased. This was partially attributable to changes in species functional composition but also strongly linked to species identities that affected market value as a result of consumer preferences even when species were functionally similar. Similar trends are expected in other large tropical rivers following impoundment. In addition to identifying consequences of a common anthropogenic impact on an important ecosystem service, our assessment provides insight into the sustainability of fisheries production in tropical rivers and priorities for regional biodiversity conservation .     

流域水生态系统的生境安全识别理论和方法研究——以太子河次流域本溪段为案例

流域水生态系统具有物质循环、能量流动、群落代谢等服务功能,由于人类活动干扰等因素,水生态系统受到破坏,服务功能的发挥受到抑制。太子河作为中国七大水系之一的辽河支流,其水生态系统健康状况同样由于社会、自然等胁迫驱动力原因受到影响。提出了一套流域水生态系统生境安全识别方法,并以太子河次流域本溪段为案例对方法的可行性进行研讨。采用水文、河道、河岸带和水质4个生境安全指标,分别对研究区的5个评价单元水生态系统生境进行安全评估,做出问题识别,找出水生态系统处于不同健康状态的原因,并确定优先修复项目,便于流域管理。通过研究得到观音阁水库坝区没有优先修复项目,小夹河区、老官砬子-观音阁水库坝区、大峪沟入河口-老官砬子区、兴安市界-大峪沟入河口区优先修复项目分别为河道、河道和河岸带、河道、水质,生境安全识别方法具有一定的可行性。     

Multi-scale evaluation of river health in Liao River Basin, China

Previous studies on river health evaluation mainly focused on characterizations at a river-corridor scale and ignored the complex interactions between the river ecosystem and other components of the river basin. Based on the consideration of the interactions among rivers, associated river basin and habitats, an assessment framework with multi-scale indicators was developed. An index system divided among these three scales to characterize the health of river ecosystems in China’s Liao River Basin was established. Set pair analysis was applied to integrate the multi-scale indicators and determine the health classes. The evaluation results indicated that the rivers in the western and eastern zones of the Liao River were classified as sick, and rivers in the main stream of the Liao and Huntai rivers were classified as unhealthy. An excessive level of disturbances, such as large pollution loads and dense construction of water conservation projects within the river basin, were the main causes of the river health deterioration.     

Effects of Urban Development on Ant Communities: Implications for Ecosystem Services and Management

Abstract:  Research that connects the effects of urbanization on biodiversity and ecosystem services is lacking. Ants perform multifarious ecological functions that stabilize ecosystems and contribute to a number of ecosystem services. We studied responses of ant communities to urbanization in the Lake Tahoe basin by sampling sites along a gradient of urban land development. We sampled ant communities, measured vegetation characteristics, quantified human activities, and evaluated ant-community responses by grouping ants into service-providing units (SPUs), defined as a group of organisms and their populations that perform specific ecosystem services, to provide an understanding of urbanization impacts on biodiversity and their delivery of ecosystem services. Species richness and abundance peaked at intermediate levels of urban development, as did the richness of 3 types of ant SPUs (aerators, decomposers, and compilers). With increasing land development aerator and decomposer ants significantly declined in abundance, whereas compiler ants significantly increased in abundance. Competing models demonstrated that precipitation was frequently among the strongest influences on ant community structure; however, urban development and human activities also had a strong, negative influence on ants, appearing in most models with ΔAIC_c < 2 for species richness and abundance patterns of SPUs and generalists. Response diversity was observed within SPUs, which suggests that the corresponding ecosystem services were maintained until development reached 30–40%. Our data provide evidence that ecosystem functions, such as water infiltration and soil productivity, may be diminished at sites subject to greater levels of urbanization and that conserving ant communities and the ecosystem services they provide could be an important target in land-use planning and conservation efforts.     

电解锰产业集聚区河流锰污染演变趋势和时空分布特征

松桃河流域是我国锰产业最为集中的区域之一,资源开发和利用形成的污染严重.通过对松桃河电解锰产业集聚区流域2015-2019年的8个典型断面的总锰监测数据的分析,用秩相关系数法探究了河流锰污染总体变化趋势,并用系统聚类分析法分析了河流锰的时空分布特征,结合聚类结果对污染趋势做进一步分析.秩相关系数分析结果表明,近年来松桃...