基于PLC的电器能效测试系统设计

文章通过介绍一种基于PLC并符合GB 21519-2008要求的储水式热水器能效测试系统设计方案,研究PLC在电器能效测试的应用。该系统采用PLC作为下位机,控制电磁阀通断给所检测的样品供水和排水,通过读取能耗检测元件信号计算出能耗值,通过重量传感器输出量的变化换算得出储水式热水器的容积,利用温度模块测得样机各点的温度值;上位机采用PC机,利用组态软件,对现场实施监控与数据实时处理,通过友好的界面快速、实时、准确分析、计算、储存能效值。该系统的设计能有效地提高能效测试的可靠性和工作效率。     

国标与FCC美标手机比吸收率研究

针对国标与FCC美标在标准限值和测试部位的差异,通过实际测试采集数据对标准之间差异部分进行比对研究。     

基于数据分析的打印设备能效评估

为了更有效地执行我国能效等级评价标准和降低办公能耗,着重讨论了打印设备的能源效率评价。通过收集的数据来分析打印机能效限定值及相应的能效等级标准的测试方法测试过程中的关键点。通过引入计算模型和介绍测量典型能耗分析法(TEC),操作模式功率法(OM)的步骤和检测方法。对检测需要注意的项目以及有效降低电力能源消耗提出对应的方案和建议。     

重点领域能效指标在清洁生产审核工作中的应用研究

重点领域能效指标作为界定企业能耗水平的标准,制定初衷与清洁生产工作具有本质上的一致性,其在企业清洁生产审核工作中能够发挥减污降碳方面的指导效力。对能效指标在审核过程中潜力的评估、目标的设置、绩效的评估等关键环节中的应用与作用效果进行研究,比较分析其与行业清洁生产评价指标体系的作用,结果表明,能效指标可在清洁生产审核工作中发挥高效权威作用,能够给被审核企业带来更切实的扩展效益,为企业获得更多的资金渠道和政策支持。随着审核方式方法的不断充实完善,能效指标在清洁生产审核工作中应用将成为必不可少的辅助工具。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定食品中的铝

采用硝酸-高氯酸消解,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES法)测定食品中铝。结果表明,消解液可以直接用水定容上机;在A l浓度0~6mg/L范围内,相关系数R2=0.9996,优于国标比色法(0~3μg范围内,R2=0.981);该方法检出限为0.15mg/kg,极大地优于国标比色法(12.5 mg/kg);同一样品比较,本法RSD为5.8%,而国标比色法只能达10%;该法回收率在92%~97%之间,对GBW 10016茶叶标准物质测定值也在可接受范围内。     

环境新闻

<正>国务院办公厅发布《关于加强节能标准化工作的意见》意见提出,到2020年,建成指标先进、符合国情的节能标准体系,主要高耗能行业实现能耗限额标准全覆盖,80%以上的能效指标达到国际先进水平,标准国际化水平明显提升。意见提出能效标准中的能效限定值和能耗限额标准中的     

旋转曝气机能效限定值及能效等级标准解读

文章介绍了国内外污水处理用旋转曝气机的发展及现状,讲述了制定污水处理用旋转曝气机强制性能效标准的历史背景和依据原则,介绍了旋转式曝气机强制性能效标准的主要内容,旨在通过该标准的实施,普遍提高国产污水处理用旋转曝气机的能效,推动行业技术水平提高并持续发展。     

宜宾市大气细颗粒水溶性离子污染特征研究

在川南地区的宜宾市开展了大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))浓度及组分的季节观测分析,结果表明,采样点的PM_(2.5)年均浓度(51. 7μg/m~3)超过二级浓度限值47. 71%,同时全年有20. 94%的天数PM_(2.5)日均浓度超过二级浓度限值;冬季浓度最高、达81. 1μg/m~3,明显高于其他季节,夏季浓度最低。PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子浓度总和冬(42. 42μg/m~3)秋(32. 73μg/m~3)春(24. 57μg/m~3)夏(17. 0μg/m~3),但占PM_(2.5)浓度的百分比的季节规律则刚好与之相反,为夏(54. 19%)春(48. 1%)秋(46. 91%)冬(45. 45%);其中,SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和NH_4~+是PM_(2.5)中最主要的3种二次无机离子组分,三者浓度之和占PM_(2.5)的37. 47%。PM_(2.5)中SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和NH_4~+的浓度均为冬季高于其他季节,但NO_3~-/PM_(2.5)冬(12. 22%)秋(11. 53%)春(8. 14%)夏(5. 43%)、NH_4~+/PM_(2.5)秋(9. 85%)夏(9. 15%)春(8. 52%)冬(7. 61%)、SO_4~(2-)/PM_(2.5)夏(26. 3%)春(20. 75%)秋(15. 82%)冬(14. 61%)。四个季节SOR值均大于NOR值,SOR值季节变化差异不大,但NOR值冬季明显高于其他季节。PM_(2.5)中的SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和NH_4~+冬季以(NH_4)_2SO_4、NH_4NO_3的形式共存于气溶胶体系中,而夏季则主要以(NH_4)_2SO_4和NH_4HSO_4存在。     

GB/T5750-2006标准比色列缓冲法测定pH值的改进

本文依据GB/T 5750-2006标准比色列缓冲溶液比色法测定生活饮用水中的pH值,结合我实验室的检测经验对国标中指示剂的配制等重要环节进行了补充,并采用标准缓冲溶液比色法和玻璃电极法同时对自来水、河水、井水及矿泉水的pH值进行了测定,相对偏差在0.2%~1.3%之间,结果满意。     

《环境学导论》开启环境教育大门

正《环境学导论》对打开环境科学与工程教学之门有重要意义,本文切实着眼于环境教学的具体目的,从环境教学的主要授课思想以及相关具体方法对本门课程教学提出改进意见与建议。环境科学是介于自然科学、社会科学和技术科学之间的综合性学科,是一种多学科和跨学科的交叉学科体系所组合成的新兴学科~([1])。跨学科研究既是学科发展的内在要求,又是解决日益复杂的实际问题的客观需要~([2])。《环境学导论》是高校环境科学及其相关专业的一门基础性课程,     

Energy Considerations in Design for Environment: Appropriate Energy Selection and Energy Efficiency

Abstract

The design aspects of energy selection and energy efficiency are described. These topics are key components of Design for Environment, and thus are important considerations in industrial ecology. In the article, background material is presented on energy forms, sources, carriers and conversion technologies. Then, energy use in countries, regions and sectors is discussed, and the impact of energy use on the environment described. Efficiencies and other measures of merit for energy use are presented, and design for energy selection and for energy efficiency are described, highlighting energy-related design factors for pollution prevention. Finally sustainable development and its relation to energy and efficiency are discussed, and a case study is presented.     

新工艺炭黑生产的节能与环境效益

对于能耗高、污染重的炭黑工业来说,采用新工艺生产炭黑,其节能效果与环境效果是显著的。     

The Prospects for Improved Energy Efficiency in the UK Residential Sector

The perceived threat of climate change has become an important global issue of the 1990s, with measures to limit its ramifications now commonly linked to mainstream policy agendas. Reducing carbon intensity can be achieved through both supply and end-use energy strategies, though improvements in end-use efficiency are said to offer the best opportunities both in terms of effective investment and producing results in the short to medium term. UK policy makers have stressed that energy use in the home is a pressing area to be addressed. This paper reviews the myriad of efficiency options available, assessing the effectiveness of national and supra-national strategies in encouraging technical efficiency and stimulating beneficial behaviourial changes. Findings indicate that the range of (and commitment to) current efficiency measures, reinforced by a lack of policy coherence, ensures that future prospects remain ambiguous. Initiatives, though conceived at a variety of spatial scales, tend to be implemented at a localized level and it is the actions (and interactions) of local actors that may well determine the shape and success of sustainability measures.     

基于SFA模型的中国省际能源技术效率研究

应用SFA模型对中国省际能源技术效率(NTE)和技术效率(TE)进行了估计,并对NTE和TE的影响因素进行了实证分析.研究表明,2002-2010年中国省际平均NTE与TE非常接近,且都是东部＞中部＞西部;地区NTE总体呈下降趋势,而TE呈上升趋势,NTE从高于TE逐渐变为低于TE;就业人口受教育程度、三资企业产值占比和国有企业产值占比对NTE和TE有显著正影响;R&D支出占GDP比重对NTE影响不显著,对TE有显著负影响;工业产值占比对NTE有显著负影响,对TE有显著正影响.     

Devolving Residential Energy Efficiency Responsibility to Local Government: the case of HECA

Substantial improvements in residential energy efficiency are required if the UK is to meet its target of reducing CO 2 emissions by 20% between 1990 and 2010. The Home Energy Conservation Act 1995 (HECA) devolves much of the responsibility for this to local authorities, by requiring them to draw up strategies to increase energy efficiency in this sector by 30% in the next 10-15 years. While many authorities have responded positively to the Act, others are struggling, and 25% of HECA reports initially failed to meet the Act's statutory obligations. The Association for the Conservation of Energy (ACE) conducted research to identify barriers faced by local authorities in implementing HECA. They were found to include officers' lack of experience, their lack of time and a lack of support from elected members. Action must be taken to ensure that HECA achieves its potential. The authors suggest that the Act needs to be adequately supported by central legislation, and that devolution of responsibility must be accompanied by some devolution of finances. The authors also recommend that the Act could be used as an example for international replication.     

Devolving Residential Energy Efficiency Responsibility to Local Government: The case of HECA

Substantial improvements in residential energy efficiency are required if the UK is to meet its target of reducing CO 2 emissions by 20% between 1990 and 2010. The Home Energy Conservation Act 1995 (HECA) devolves much of the responsibility for this to local authorities, by requiring them to draw up strategies to increase energy efficiency in this sector by 30% in the next 10-15 years. While many authorities have responded positively to the Act, others are struggling, and 25% of HECA reports initially failed to meet the Act's statutory obligations. The Association for the Conservation of Energy (ACE) conducted research to identify barriers faced by local authorities in implementing HECA. They were found to include officers' lack of experience, their lack of time and a lack of support from elected members. Action must be taken to ensure that HECA achieves its potential. The authors suggest that the Act needs to be adequately supported by central legislation, and that devolution of responsibility must be accompanied by some devolution of finances. The authors also recommend that the Act could be used as an example for international replication.     

The Energy Efficiency 2000 Project and energy-efficiency demonstration zones in Eastern and Central Europe

Energy economy and efficiency are the two most common energy priorities of EC member states. Increasing energy efficiency is also a way of making EC technical assistance to Central and Eastern Europe more effective. The Energy Efficiency 2000 project, and in particular the establishment of energy-efficiency demonstration zones, are key features in this process.     

环保,高效,节能的天车通过式集烟罩

文章介绍了天车通过式电炉烟气捕集罩的原理及设计要点,与传统的屋顶罩相比,它投资低,能耗低,烟气捕集率高,是符合我国国情的较为理想的适用于大、中型超高功率电炉的烟气捕集罩,具有广泛的推广前景。     

国内外的潜水搅拌机和倒伞曝气机能效比较

本文对国内外污水处理设备中的潜水搅拌器（机）和倒伞曝气机在能耗和效率方面进行了对比，应用实践证明，国产污水处理设备的能效比远远优于引进及仿制的国外同类产品。