玉龙雪山冰川公园的旅游资源特色及其保护

本文总结了云南省玉龙雪山以现代冰川和古冰川遗迹为主的旅游资源特色,探讨了现代冰川和古冰川遗迹的旅游观赏价值,并结合全球气候变化的趋势,提出了保护冰雪旅游资源和建立国家冰川公园的建议     

小资料

各类山地地貌特征一忘拨(米)山地类前’地’一貌‘布一犷-川州l川es节es川es.一!i门川l|>50001极高3500、5000高1000“35001…中500、1000山顶终年积雪,发育现代冰川、位于现代雪线以下,森林线以上.冰缘现象显著,残存占冰与古代准平原遗迹,部分山地有现代冰川位于森林线以下,山体受到不同程度的侵蚀切割,山顶存在占代准平原遗迹,谷坡陡峻,谷底至山顶自然地理垂宜分带明显山势低缓,地形破碎。在东部的温暖湿润地区,河流侵蚀、堆积都比较活跃,南方的低山往往具有厚度不等的风化壳。西北干旱地区以干燥剥蚀作用为主低,一一p.~一-一------一--一…     

青冰滩冰川水文特征初步分析

通过对青冰滩冰川的综合考察,对该地区2008-08-01日至08-31日的水文、气象以及水环境进行了连续观测。结果表明:冰川表面大量覆盖冰碛增加了冰川表面的反射率,加速了冰川消融;整个8月日均气温在8℃以下,气温的日较差较大,冰川消融期的降水以降雪和冰雹为主;冰川融水的电导率和溶解性固体相关系数可达0.98,两者与气温的相关度也可达到0.8以上。     

神秘的可可西里地区

青海可可西里地区系指青海省西南部可可西里山主体及其邻近地区。其范围为昆仑山脉以南,唐古拉山以北,东起青藏公路,西迄省界。西与西藏自治区双湖区相接,南面为西藏自治区的安多县,北界的西段接新疆维吾尔自治区若羌县阿尔金山自然保护区。本区地处青藏高原腹地,平均海拔5000米左右,最高峰为北缘的昆仑山布喀达板峰,海拔6860米。海拔5500米—6000米以上的山地、现代冰川发育,区内冰川总面积达1700多平方公里。多年冰土发育,基本上连片分布,其面积占本区总面积的90％以上,冻融和冻帐作用在地表造成多种多样的冰缘地貌形态。     

浅谈大陆型冰川微生物多样性

冰川作为占据地球陆地总面积10%的生态环境,因其长期的低温、强辐射和寡营养,对生存于其中的生物具有极大的挑战,是极端环境的一个重要代表。以大陆型冰川区为主,分析雪样中细菌的多样性,总结了冰川微生物的种类特征、来源及其易受到的环境影响因素。     

冰川消失:全球变暖的西藏水忧

西藏高原是我国冰川最为富集、水资源最为丰沛的地区,在全球变暖的作用下,西藏的冰川呈现全面、快速退化趋势,对我国及周边国家、地区的水资源和水安全都产生了深刻影响,同时极可能导致一系列经济社会和国际关系问题。只有协全人类与国际社会之合力,共同有效应对全球变暖难题,才能从根本上解决西藏水危机。     

探寻长江源

长江源位于青海省南部的唐古拉山脉主峰格拉丹冬冰峰西南侧的姜根迪如冰川。格拉丹冬,藏语意为“高高尖尖的山峰”,海拔6620米,姜根迪如海拔6548米,有南北两条呈半孤形的大冰川,南支冰川长12.5公里,宽1.6公里,冰川尾部有两公里的冰塔林。这高耸入云的冰雪山体和晶莹皎洁的大冰川,就是万里长江的发源地。     

南极乔治王岛地理环境在科学研究上的意义

作者根据参加中国第5次南极考察的经历,从地理环境尤其是气候和资源对航空、航海、科考的影响,讨论了乔治王岛地区在科学研究上的战略意义。根据对地质基础、矿产、火山活动以及冰川浸蚀历史和地貌现象的讨论,指出该区是研究古气候、古环境、大陆漂移和冰川冰缘地貌的极好场所;并指出该区种类全、数量多且具有南极特征的动植物和奇特的食物链关系是其成为重要生物资源区和受条约保护的特别科学兴趣场所的主要原因。     

山地旅游资源特点及其开发利用原则──以广东省为例

山地是陆地地貌的一种类型，我国多山．山地面积占全国土地总面积的卫门以上，蕴藏着十分丰富的旅游资源。广东省是我国多山的省份，山地面积约占全省陆地总面积的ZI％，因此研究山地旅游资源的特点及其开发利用具有十分重要的意义。l山地旅游资源的特点1．1自然特性强这里所指的自然特性是指山地旅游资源较好地保持了原始自然风貌，与平原地区相比，受人类活动影响小。山地因地势崎岖、交通不便、开发难度较大而保存较完整，尤其是南方山地的湿度大、瘴气多，人类早期更未涉足。随着生产力的发展，人类与自然界斗争能力的增强，其足迹在山…     

大飞水森林风景区野生植物资源概况

大邑县大飞水森林风景区是四川省级风景区之一。它位于邛崃山脉的东缘,总面积482km~2.最高的大雪塘海拔5364m,山脚大飞水仅1060m,高差4304m。海拔跨度大,气温悬殊,有重峦叠嶂,陡坡深谷,雄、秀、幽、险的地貌特色.土壤以山地黄壤,山地棕壤为主。森林覆盖率高达84%.海拔1200m 的茶地坪至3300m的红石尖和白沙岗之间,自然垂直带谱明显,有常绿阔叶林、常绿阔叶与落叶阔叶混交林、针叶林及亚高山草甸等,植物保存较完好,药用植物和花卉种类繁多,蕴藏量大。     

STATIC WATER LEVEL MAPPING IN EAST CENTRAL MICHIGAN1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents a methodology for preparing a static water level map using a sample of water level measurements obtained from the well log records of private wells that are finished in glacial drift. The test was conducted in Tyrone Township, located in east central Michigan. A variety of selection criteria were examined and the resulting maps were compared with a ground truth map that was prepared from water level measurements obtained in the field. The map prepared from a random sample of wells at a density of two points per section best approximates the ground truth map. Using a sample of records from the Michigan Statewide Groundwater Database to create static water levels that are used in community ground water vulnerability analyses will provide a more accurate map than using the complete dataset or other selection criteria based on temporal groupings or seasonality.     

EVALUATION OF AN INDUCED INFILTRATION MODEL AS APPLIED TO GLACIAL AQUIFER SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: Numerical models were used to examine the limitations of the assumptions used in an analytical induced infiltration model. The assumptions tested included negligible streambed effects, negligible areal recharge, two-dimensional ground water flow, fully penetrating rivers and wells, and constant surface water stage. For situations that deviate from the underlying assumptions, the analytical model becomes a less reliable predictor of induced infiltration. The numerical experiments show that streambed effects cannot be neglected if the streambed conductivity is more than one order of magnitude lower than the aquifer hydraulic conductivity. Areal recharge cannot be neglected if the ground water basin receives more than 5 in/yr of areal recharge. Three-dimensional flow effects due to well partial penetration cannot be neglected if the ratio of horizontal hydraulic conductivity to vertical hydraulic conductivity (K_h/K_u) is greater than 10. Surface water elevation fluctuations can significantly influence the induced infiltration rate, depending on the degree of fluctuations and the ground water hydraulic gradient.     

The Mass and Energy Exchange of a Tibetan Glacier: Distributed Modeling and Climate Sensitivity

Most glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are not closely monitored for mass balance (MB) due to their inaccessibility, which makes it difficult to better understand the dynamics of glacial advancement or retreat. Surface energy budget, MB, and the resulting melt runoff were calculated for Zhadang glacier (5,710 m above sea level) of the central TP. Energy balance was calculated on 30‐m square grids for the summers of 2007 and 2008. On average, net radiation dominated the total energy source (66%) while the residual was supplied by sensible heat flux. More than 67% of the energy sink was available for melting on the glacier. Thus, less than 33% of the total energy was consumed by latent heat flux. A large and a slightly negative summer MB were calculated for the 2007 and 2008 summers, respectively. The high sensitivity of the glacier to air temperature may indicate that the lower than average seasonal temperature was more important than the increased precipitation for the slightly negative MB in the summer of 2008. Comparisons of glacial melt runoff indicated that rainfall and snowmelt were the dominant contribution to total runoff in the glacierized basin and the ice melting is also very important. Glacial melt calculation provides a basis for quantifying glacial melt‐runoff contribution to the river streamflow in the TP.     

THE DEPENDENCE OF THE RESIDUAL GRAVITY ON HYDRAULIC CONSTANTS IN GLACIAL DEPOSITS1

ABSTRACT: Buried glacial stream channels contain large and easily accessible groundwater resources. Gravity surveys have been frequently applied for their location. A gravity survey in the geohydrologically explored Wood River Valley Area of southern Rhode Island shows extreme lows of -2 mgals over channel depths of maximal 300 feet. Three gravity profiles were observed in east-west direction across a north-south striking stream channel. The bedrock depth increases rapidly towards the south from 130 to 300 feet. The gravity lows observed across each profile are not related to the bedrock depth but rather to the saturated thickness of the main quifer and its hydraulic transmissivity. Well logs indicate that the large change of bedrock depth is solely due to an increase of till of low permeability. The volume of the glacial outwash, which is the major groundwater resource, changes little underneath the three profiles. The gravity lows apear to be directly related to the density contrast between glacial outwash and till. The response to the hydraulically more pertinent units renews the interest in the gravity method as it may have a potential to estimate yields of hydrologically complex aquifers     

基于保护优先的我国古建筑旅游发展研究

古建筑旅游是目前我国旅游发展的一大趋势，古建筑保护与旅游发展的矛盾是我国古建筑实现可持续旅游发展与科学保护的核心问题。从旅游学角度研究古建筑的保护及其发展，首先对古建筑的旅游认识进行了阐述，剖析了古建筑保护面临的问题，进而提出若干建议与对策，以期能“延年益寿”和可持续发展。     

DETECTION OF FRESH WATER AQUIFERS IN THE GLACIAL DEPOSITS OF NORTHWESTERN MISSOURI BY GEOELECTRICAL METHODS1

Geoelectrical investigations in Grundy County of northwestern Missouri, where the groundwater resources of the glacial deposits have already been examined through an extensive drilling program by the Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources, indicate that water-bearing gravel deposits can be distinguished from glacial deposits containing appreciable amounts of clay and limited amounts of water. The Schlumberger method used for the geoelectric depth soundings in the vicinity of the Survey's drillholes demonstrates the exploratory usefulness of the method in that it can partly replace the more expensive procedure of drilling. The method also provides improved interpretation between drillholes. Results of the investigation show that, in the area, clay has a resistivity below 20in, that the fresh water-bearing gravel at the bottom of the buried glacial stream channels has a resisitivity of 40 to 50fim, and that the near surface glacial gravel deposits have a resistivity above lOOfim. Interpretation of the depth soundings and the conductivity of water obtained from a local well implies that its water is drawn from the saline water of the bedrock. A recommendation is made for the quality improvement of this particular well.     

STREAM TYPES IN THE DES MOINES RIVER BASIN1

Stream tributaries in the Des Moines River basin have been classified according to the glacial terrain through which they flow. Three stream types were categorized as follows: (1) streams that flow entirely on Wisconsin drift, (2) streams that flow entirely on Kansan drift, and (3) streams that have their headwaters located on new drift but have their lower reaches flowing on older drift. Selected channel and valley characteristics were measured and used to verify the stream type classification. Five variables were chosen for use in a multiple linear discriminatory analysis, which is a statistical technique developed for the purpose of classifying observations into one of several categories which have been predetermined. The streams in each group were verified with the exception of three anomalies based on the probability associated with the largest linear discriminant function. The rationale for the three anomalous streams is not easily determined. But, they are considered to be associated with pre-glacial drainage or at least pre-Wisconsin age drainage. Otherwise, the analysis shows that the major channels and valleys in the Des Moines River basin tend to reflect the glaciated upland surface.     

我国古镇旅游的开发利用

以水乡周庄为例,对古镇旅游开发中存在的问题进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了古镇旅游开发应坚持的三大原则--以政府为主导、保护优先、合理开发,应采取的三大对策--进行科学规划、创新开发思路、扩大对古镇的宣传.     

古城墙旅游资源的开发对策与建议--以浙江临海古城墙为例

城墙是城市的重要标志和象征，是一种极具历史文化艺术价值的重要旅游资源，然而古城墙的旅游开发目前还普遍停留在“门票经济”阶段。如何充分认识古城墙的价值，并根据当前旅游市场的需求特征进行深度开发、科学开发和有文化内涵的开发，以临海古城墙为例对上述问题进行了探讨。